Michigan State University
Cooperation with South Africa:
Forty Years of Partnerships
“At the end of the
day, the yardstick
that we should all
be judged by is: are
we creating the
basis to better the
lives of all.”
Nelson Mandela
President of South Africa
1994-1999
African Studies Center - Michigan State University
October 2012
ii
Michigan State University Cooperation with South Africa
Table of Contents
Introduction: Michigan and MSU Engagement in Africa and South Africa
The Beginnings of the Engagement with Africa in Michigan and at MSU
A. Actions at MSU on South Africa during the Apartheid Era (1970s to 1994)
• Organizing by the Southern Africa Liberation Committee (SALC) –
Campaigns on East Lansing Selective Purchasing, Coca Cola Boycott,
and “McGoff Off” at the Wharton Center
• MSU Divestment of Corporate Stockholdings
• MSU Foundation Divestment
• Founding the Association of Concerned Africa Scholars (ACAS) at MSU
• African Studies Center Faculty support of the United Nations Cultural Boycott
• Supporting Michigan Legislature for Sanctions on South Africa
• Supporting Legislation for Sanctions in the U.S. Congress
• MSU Fellowships for South African and Namibian Refugee Scholars
B. National Conferences on South Africa organized by the MSU African Studies
Center in 1977, 1986, 1990, 1992, 1998, 2005
• MSU National Conference: “Southern Africa: Society, Economy, and Liberation,” 1977
• MSU National Conference: “United States Initiatives for the Education and Training of
South Africans and Namibians,” 1986
• MSU North American Conference: “Our Education for Building a Non-Racial and
Democratic South Africa,” 1990
• MSU National Conference: “Academic Partnerships with South Africans for Mutual
Capacity Building,” 1998
• MSU National Conference on South Africa for NAFSA, East Lansing, 1998
• Partnership Activities: US-SA Binational Commission and Consultative Meeting on
South African-U.S. Partnership Standards, Johannesburg, 1999-2005
C. MSU Programs and Scholarship with and on South Africa 1994-2012
1. History, Cultural Heritage, and Humanities
South African National Cultural Heritage Training and Technology Program
South African Film and Video Project
Nelson Mandela Museum Collaboration
Luthuli Museum Archival Cooperation
Language Research Training Project with University of North-West
Research on South African Language Policy
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2. Higher Education
Affirmative Action Policy Development at Durban Institute of Technology
Two Projects of Documentation and Partnership Facilitation
Several Projects in Higher Education and Teacher Education
esATI-MSU Partnership Project on Internet Outreach to Disadvantaged Communities in
KwaZulu-Natal
3. Social Science Research
Departments of Anthropology, Family and Child Ecology, History,
Labor and Industrial Relations, Political Science, Social Work, Sociology
4. Agriculture and Development
Agricultural Biotechnology Support Project
Linking Disadvantaged Producers to the South African Commercial Food Supply Chain
5. Outreach
LATTICE Teacher Professional Development Program
Business Education about Africa for Historically Black College and University Faculty
6. Zulu instruction
National co-sponsor of Zulu Group Project Abroad at UKZN- Petermaritzburg
Teaching Zulu at MSU (individual instruction to graduate students)
D. MSU Resources about South Africa Online and On-campus
1. Web resources
South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid, Building Democracy: Online Curriculum Resource
Community Video Education Trust website
African Activist Archive Project
Africa Past and Present podcasts
Afrobarometer
2. MSU Library Resources
3. MSU Museum Resources
E. MSU Resources for teaching and learning about South Africa
F. Graduate Study by South Africans and about South Africa at MSU – M.A., M.S., Ph.D.
G. MSU Study Abroad in South Africa
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Appendices
Appendix A: South African Institutions with which MSU has collaborated, 1996-2006
Appendix B: Dissertations and Terminal Masters Degrees about South Africa by
Michigan State University Graduate Students, 1961-2010
Appendix C: Guidelines of "best practices" for partnerships between tertiary institutions
in South Africa and the United States
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Introduction: Michigan and MSU Engagement in Africa and South Africa
The Beginnings of the Engagement with Africa in Michigan and at MSU
Michigan has a long history of partnering with Africa and for calling for active support of
freedom, democracy, and development for African peoples. At Michigan State University (MSU)
there has long been a populist mission and vision as a land grant university which began in
1862with the university’s commitment to build curriculum, research, and education “…in order
to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes.” (Morrill Act, 1862)
MSU in Nigeria – Michigan State University’s first significant engagement
with Africa developed in the late 1950s when MSU accepted the invitation
of Nnamdi Azikiwe, the first President of Nigeria, to embark on a
partnership to build Africa’s first land-grant university – the University of
Nigeria at Nsukka (UNN), now one of Africa’s leading public universities.
Though funded by U.S. AID, the project was initiated by President Azikiwe
with funds he had accumulated by taxing Nigerian palm oil exports. The
more than 100 MSU faculty person years of experience in Nigeria in 196067 provided knowledge and a deep appreciation of Nigerian peoples and
culture. As the Biafran War ended the project, the returning faculty brought
Africa into their MSU research and classrooms.
Building the MSU Focus on Africa – In the 1960s, these faculty returnees from Nigeria
enlarged the foundation of a new MSU African studies faculty and Center, which, by the 2000s,
grew to more than 150 faculty who have studied, researched, and worked for development on the
continent. The Center created a unique MSU focus on Africa, more than any other world area, in
social science, agriculture, humanities, medicine, education, communications, and the sciences..
Now, for more than 30 years, MSU African Studies has offered more African languages and
more study abroad programs in Africa and produced more Ph.D. dissertations on Africa than any
other North American university. This commitment to the study of and outreach to Africa
became an important precursor for engagement and partnerships with South Africans.
Michigan in National African Affairs – As African nations won
their independence in the early 1960s and MSU embarked on
partnerships for studies and development on the continent, Michian
political representaties were engaging with Africa as well. In 196166, Michigan Governor G. Mennen Williams served as President
John Kennedy’s Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs.
In these early years of African independence, Williams’ slogan in
speeches on the continent of "Africa for the Africans” was heard
as a welcome American support for African freedom from colonial rule from “the first new
nation to throw off colonialism,” even though other parts of the U.S. administration were more
focused on Cold War issues and loyalties in Africa.
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Michigan Congressional Representatives on Africa – In 1969, Congressman Charles Diggs
from Detroit, representing Michigan’s 13th District in
Congress from 1955 to 1980 and a champion of civil rights,
was appointed as the first Chairman of the Subcommittee on
Africa of the House Foreign Affairs Committee and also was
one of the founders and the first chairman of the
Congressional Black Caucus (1969–71). Diggs was deeply
committed to the liberation of South Africans and bringing an
end to colonialism in the region. In 1972, he published an
'Action Manifesto' calling for support for the armed struggle
against apartheid and criticising the United States government
for its overt and covert support of the white South African system.
Congressman Howard Wolpe, who wrote his Ph.D. dissertation on Nigerian politics
and several books on Africa, represented Michigan’s Third Congressional District
from 1979 to 1993, including Lansing, Battle Creek, and Kalamazoo. He too
became chair of the House Foreign Affairs Committee’s Subcommittee on Africa
for 10 years and worked tirelessly for ending U.S. military aid to General Mobutu
in the Congo, the U.S. support for civil war in Angola, and U.S. trade and support
for white South Africa. With Congressman Ronald Dellums from California,
Michigan’s Rep. John Conyers, and other members of the Congressional Black Caucus, Wolpe
lead the Congrees to passing the Comprehensive Anti- Apartheid Act (1986), a
unique accomplishment that required overriding President Reagan’s veto with
a two-thirds majority of the Congress. This was a unique action of Congress to
overturn a foreign policy of a U.S. president and resulted from the broad
national pressure from across the nation from universities, local and state
governments, religious, and union movements.
A. MSU Policy and Actions on South Africa during the Apartheid Era
With many Africanist faculty and African graduate students on its campus, and a strong
commitment to African development and well-being, MSU came to the South African issues
with a strong commitment to African independence, democracy, and development. This
resulted in an early engagement with the people of South Africa in the 1970s through the
1990s with support for the anti-apartheid struggle. In addition, this document summarizes the
partnerships that ensued after the election for majority rule in 1994.
By the 1980s, students and faculty on many U.S., Canadian, British, Dutch, and other
campuses – as well as the governments and universities of the USSR and the Eastern Bloc were part of a broad movement to oppose the racist systems of apartheid South Africa and
Namibia and the lingering colonialism of Rhodesia, Angola, Guinea-Bissau, and
Mozambique. Some national organizations working to oppose apartheid and racist regimes in
Africa had been founded as early as the 1950s, such as the American Committee on Africa
(1953), and others followed in later years, including the Washington Office on Africa (1968)
and TransAfrica (1977). These provided a stream of information and analysis on colonialism,
apartheid, and U.S. foreign policy on Southern Africa to university faculty and students and
encouraged their mobilizing on the issues.
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The Southern Africa Liberation Committee (SALC) - In 1972, in order to mount a
continuing campaign at MSU against racial discrimination and oppression in Southern Africa
and the U.S. foreign policy supporting those regimes, several
MSU students and faculty joined with community activists to
form the Southern Africa Liberation Committee. They
embarked on what became a two-decades effort to support the
ending of colonial rule and apartheid in Southern Africa,
beginning with a conference on Rhodesia and Angola. They
publicized the atrocities and racial oppression of apartheid and
the white-dominated states of Southern Africa and called on
city, university, state, and federal structures to use their
authority and power to end colonial exploitation in Africa. In
the mid-1970s, SALC organized a Zimbabwe Task Force, a
series of campaigns for material aid to liberation movements, educational (speakers, films), and
action campaigns, especially against U.S. intervention in Angola in 1975-1976.
SALC was founded by an MSU Ph.D. candidates Carol B. Thompson and Lovemore Nyoni,
with Presbyterian campus minister Warren "Bud" Day and anthropology professor Bill Derman.
Key SALC activists over many years were MSU tennis coach and intramural athletic director
Harris “Frank” Beeman and his wife Patricia Beeman, SALC student presidents Debbie Miller
and Terry Culpert, and Erick Williams, Tapera Chiwocha, Jerry Bennett, Ken and Elizabeth
Harrow, Marylee Crofts, Anabel Dwyer, David Dwyer, and David Wiley as well as a number of
other American and African students. One young South African, Kgati Sathekge, a veteran of
the Soweto demonstrations and refugee in the ANC Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College in
Tanzania, played a major role as an MSU undergraduate. Sathekge supported SALC, spoke
representing the ANC at public meetings, and helped mobilize opposition to the apartheid
regime across Michigan.
SALC was affiliated with the Greater Lansing Peace Education Center, a
community peace and justice organization with its roots in the civil rights
and anti-Vietnam war movements. SALC also was affiliated as a student
organization with the undergraduate Associated Students of MSU and the
Council of Graduate Students, both of which provided programming
funds and testified in support of MSU divestment to the MSU Trustees.
Pat and Frank Beeman joined SALC at a crucial moment and brought
focus and great skill in providing graphic information on the horrors of
apartheid. Drawing on the leadership of the liberation movements – the
African National Congress, PAC, ZAPU, ZANU, SWAPO, SWANU,
FRELIMO, and MPLA, SALC presented films, photo displays, literature
tables, and talks at many meetings in the community which built the
widespread belief that American institutions should not remain complicit
with corporate or government support of the apartheid system. (See photo
of one of many SALC literature tables at:
http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=32-131-366.) SALC also
participated in many public demonstrations and marches on behalf of
Southern Africa Freedom. (See "No to Apartheid" banner in a protest
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march http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=32-131-36D.)
The Beeman Collection at the MSU Library Special Collections
(http://magic.lib.msu.edu/record=b4221814) holds much SALC information, including audio
recordings of a 2003 interview (with transcript) with Frank Beeman about SALC and activism at
MSU at http://www.spartanpartners.msu.edu/beeman/ as well as recollections of SALC and the
Peace Education Center by David and Anabel Dwyer at
http://archive.lib.msu.edu/VVL/vincent/afstudies/media/dwyer102006.ram.
MSU students and faculty with members of the wider community
mounted an intensive campaign over several years to educate the
community and the university about these issues with dozens of
film evenings, literature tables, visiting lecturers, seminars, and
conferences. Representatives were invited to campus from the
ANC, PAC, SWAPO, ZANU, ZAPU, MPLA, FRELIMO,
NAMDA, NECC, and COSATU. South African visitors from the
mid-1970s to the early 1990s included Chris Hani, Walter Sisulu,
Lindol and Tebogo Mofole, Neo Mnumzana Moikangoa, Helen
Suzman, Jairam Reddy, Njabulo Ndebele, Mala Singh, Graça
Machel, Thomas Tlou, Nathan Shamuyarira, Eddison Zvobgo,
Josiah Tlou, and others.
Beginning in 1976, SALC lobbied the City Council of East Lansing to enact sanctions against
the apartheid regime by ending the purchase of goods and services produced by businesses with
substantial involvement in South Africa. In response, in 1977 the Council voted to implement
one of the first selective buying policies against South Africa in the U.S., by committing the
city to seek suppliers of goods and services from companies not operating, in South Africa.
The SALC “McGoff Off” Campaign – In the mid1970s, the MSU Board of Trustees named the Wharton
Center Festival Stage (now the Passant Stage) as the
McGoff Stage in recognition of Mrs. Margaret E.
McGoff’s gift of $1 million to MSU. Her husband,
John P. McGoff, a graduate and former employee of
MSU as well as president of Global Communications
Corporation of Williamston, Michigan and owner of a
number of newspapers, radio and television stations,
and other media companies, was a friend and supporter
of South African Minister of Information Connie
Mulder. In 1974-75 McGoff tried to purchase the Washington Star (now Washington Times) as a
voice for South African government propaganda. Failing in that effort, he purchased the
Sacramento Union in President Reagan’s hometown instead. SALC organized the "McGoff Off"
Campaign in 1979, making public presentations and picketing performances at the Wharton
Center, demanding that the University remove the McGoff name from the stage. SALC’s goal
was to highlight the contradiction of a public university honoring supporters and agents of the
apartheid system. In 1984, in response to this prolonged campaign, the MSU president returned
the McGoff gift of $1 million and removed the name from the stage. In 1987, McGoff’s
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collaboration with the South African government became very public; he was accused by the
U.S. Department of Justice of failing to register as a foreign agent for South Africa and of
receiving $11.35 million dollars from the apartheid government through a Swiss bank account.
(See materials from the MSU campaign at
http://africanactivist.msu.edu/asearch.php?keyword=mcgoff%20off.)
The SALC Boycott of Coca Cola – In circa 1985, SALC initiated
what was to become a national boycott against Coca Cola. Coca Cola
dominated the South African soft drink market. In 1982, black Coca
Cola workers in South Africa had asked the community to boycott
Coke and called two work stoppages until the company agreed to
recognize and bargain with their union and raise wages significantly.
In 1985-86, after a major MSU student lobbying effort across the
campus, SALC obtained a $6,000 grant in support of the campaign
from the undergraduate student government, the Associated Students
of MSU (ASMSU). They then lobbied the MSU administration and student government
groups in the residence halls. (See SALC president Debbie Miller with MSU President John
DiBiaggio on one such occasion: http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=32-13136C.) As a result, the MSU administration ended its contract with Coca Cola, and Coke
products and vending machines were removed from MSU classroom buildings, dormitories,
and cafeterias. Boycotts then spread across the country to many universities including Penn
State, Tennessee State, and Compton College in California. In 1986-87, a national “Boycott
Coke” campaign supported by the American Friends Support Committee emerged near Coca
Cola headquarters in Atlanta (See more on the history of this movement at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Coca-Cola and an article by Miller in the Southern
Africa Newsletter in Chicago at
http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=32-130-1635.).
In the 1980s, SALC activities received a mixed reception at MSU, with some believing that the
demonstrations were inappropriate for the university and that, although apartheid was wrong, it
was not the business of the university to correct it.
In the 1990s, when MSU honored South Africans
President Mandela, M.P. Ahmed Kathrada, and
Bishop Tutu with honorary degrees, the university
was praised by those three and by the South
African Ambassador, the Consul General from
Chicago, and many South Africans for having
stood by the majority of South Africans for
freedom and democracy. MSU President Peter
McPherson acknowledged this in 1999 upon
receiving the deposit at MSU of Ahmed
Kathrada’s Robben Island prison papers:
“Kathrada’s donation and the book that followed from the MSU Press are visible
evidence of MSU’s long-standing involvement in South Africa and our commitment to
democratic values and vision of a world with greater equity.”
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Founding the Association of Concerned Africa Scholars (ACAS) - At a conference at MSU in
1977 about the crises across Southern Africa and U.S. government support for the white
governments, those attending decided
to build a new national organization,
the Association of Concerned Africa
Scholars, to bring scholarly analysis
and criticism to United States government policies on Africa. (See
http://concernedafricascholars.org.) The first co-chairs of the organization were Professors
Immanuel Wallerstein (Columbia) and Willard Johnson (MIT). At the same time, two MSU
faculty members involved in ACAS (David Robinson and David Wiley) worked as chairpersons
of the Committee on Current Issues of the African Studies Association to assemble a petition
from U.S. scholars of Africa to the U.S. President calling for an end to U.S. support of South
Africa with investments, arms, and other assistance and for support of the legitimate aspirations
of the people of Zimbabwe, Namibia, and Angola. The petition was sent to the White House in
1977 with signatures of more than 500 scholars of Africa from across the nation. (See the
petition in ACAS documents at
http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=32-130-11B4.)
The conference at which ACAS was founded was “Southern Africa: Society, Economy, and
Liberation.” It was the first of a two-part,scholarly consultation (the second being at the
University of Minnesota in the fall semester) to provide policy-relevant analysis on the colonial
and racist crisis states of Southern Africa and of U.S. policy toward them. Speakers at these
two conferences included Immanuel Wallerstein, Allen Isaacman, Callistus Ndlovu, A.K.H.
Weinrich, Michael Bratton, Basil Davidson, John Saul, William Minter, Ann Seidman, Ivy
Matsepe, Joel Samoff, Bill Derman, Nzongola Ntalaja, Bernard Magubane, and David Wiley.
A volume was produced with essays from these authors: Southern Africa: Society, Economy,
and Liberation, David Wiley and Allen Isaacman, editors, East Lansing: Michigan State
University African Studies Center, 1981, 335 pages.
MSU Divestment of Corporate Stockholdings –
In 1977-78, in response to pressure from MSU students
and faculty led by SALC, various MSU units agreed to
study how to respond to South Africa and to MSU’s
stockholdings in companies operating in South Africa.
The Associated Students of MSU (ASMSU), the
Council of Graduate Students (COGS), and the MSU
Faculty Committee on Academic Environment
conducted studies and concluded that profiting from
labor exploitation and racial oppression in South Africa
was unacceptable for a U.S. institution of higher
education committed to equality and human rights.
In 1978, in response to the findings of the various MSU committees and a number of
presentations by SALC and MSU faculty members, the MSU Board of Trustees voted to adopt
the motion of Trustee Aubrey Radcliffe to divest the University of its holdings in stocks of
corporations continuing to do business in South Africa. This was a difficult decision for MSU
because many significant U.S. corporations investing in South Africa were based in Michigan,
and a number of them were donors to MSU (either as a corporation or through a foundation).
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These included Dow Chemical, Kellogg, Clark Equipment, and General Motors. Nevertheless,
soon after the Board of trustees passed this resolution, MSU became the first major university
in the nation to fully divest its portfolio of corporations operating in South Africa.
(Fortuitously, because of the timing of their transferring investments from “large cap” stocks of
companies operating in South Africa to “mid- and small-cap” stocks, the profitability of its
portfolio actually increased, a fact that was publicized nationally to encourage other colleges
and universities to divest.) In this process, the university developed new criteria for sociallyresponsible investment. By the end of the 1980s, like MSU, more than 150 universities had
adopted some form of divestment policy.
MSU Foundation Divestment - In 1986, SALC, supported by many MSU faculty and students,
mounted a long campaign calling for the MSU Foundation to follow the example of the MSU
Board of Trustees to divest from investments in corporations operating in South Africa. The
foundation is separately incorporated from the university and was not affected by the university’s
divestment nine years earlier. To gain publicity for their cause and more directly engage the
MSU leaders in the issue, SALC constructed a replica of a South African township “shanty” in
front of the MSU Administration Building. (See a video of the event at
http://africanactivist.msu.edu/video.php?objectid=32-12F-F.)
African Studies Faculty vote to support of the United Nations Cultural Boycott - In 1979,
the nearly 100 faculty of the MSU African Studies Center voted unanimously to support the
United Nations Cultural Boycott of South Africa, committing themselves and the Center not to
develop programs, study abroad, or research there. This was the only such U.S. university
center of Africanist faculty to formally support that international boycott. The university
continued to accept visiting scholars and students from South Africa, and at least one
academic department chose not to abide by the boycott.
Legislation for Sanctions on South Africa in Michigan and the U.S. Congress, 1980-86 –
Anti-apartheid actions and lobbying by some members of the MSU community, combined with
activists in Detroit and across Michigan, contributed to three sanctions laws being enacted by the
State of Michigan from 1980 to 1988. The initiative for these bills initially came from three
members of the Michigan House of Representatives, Lynn Jondahl (D, Lansing-EL), Perry
Bullard (D, Ann Arbor), and Virgil Smith (D, Detroit), who had consulted with MSU Africanists
about plans to enact sanctions
. (Hear a one-hour interview with Jondahl about the effort for sanctions on South Africa in the
Michigan Legislature at http://www.lib.msu.edu/general/collections/ljohndahl.jsp.) After much
lobbying, the State of Michigan Legislature voted into law all three sanctions acts, more than in
any other state. These Acts prohibited depositing state funds in banks making loans in South
Africa (1979-80), prohibited state university and college investments in firms operating in South
Africa (1982), and divested the $4 billion state employees
pension fund of any companies operating in South Africa (1988).
The fund contained the pernsions of Michigan’s judges, State
Police, and state government employees. Christine Root, formerly
Associate Director of the Washington Office on Africa, worked
as a Legislative Analyst in the House Democratic Research
Group for the three legislators to pass the South African
sanctions plan through the. The latter act was passed after a
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major “Hands Around the Capitol” demonstration in 1986 in which bus loads of demonstrators,
mostly from Detroit churches and MSU and a substantial number of government workers,
surrounded the Capitol building demanding passage of the act. After the 1982 state university
and college divestment act was enacted and signed into law by the governor, a legal suit was
brought against the Act by the University of Michigan, arguing that
the Act constituted unwarranted interference in the affairs of the
university that were not allowed by the state’s legislation creating
the universities. The Appellate Court upheld the act, but the State
Supreme Court struck down the law as violating the rights contained
in the universities’ charters.
Nationally, MSU's actions were a part of the divestment and
sanctions movement that created the political climate for passage by
the U.S. Congress of the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986, under the leadership of
Rep. Ronald Dellums (D, California), Congressman Howard Wolpe (D, 3rd Dist MI), chair of the
Africa Subcommittee and a Ph.D. Africanist political scientist who had taught at MSU, and the
members of the Congressional Black Caucus.
(Listen to an interview with Wolpe about his work in the House Africa Subcommittee at
http://archive.lib.msu.edu/VVL/vincent/afstudies/media/wolpe120803.ram.)
Fellowships for South African and Namibian Refugee Scholars – In
1988-89, MSU established the MSU Graduate Fellowship Program for
South African and Namibian Refugee Scholars, providing four full
four-year fellowships for Ph.D. training to three black South Africans
and one Namibian. Dozens of South Africans have obtained M.A.,
M.S., and Ph.D. degrees at MSU in many fields, including in
Agriculture, Social Science, Arts and Letters, Education, Medicine,
Communications, Human Ecology, and Business. This fellowship
program was made possible with support from the Kellogg, Mott, and
MSU Foundations.
Since the early 1990s, MSU has provided the Nelson Mandela
Postgraduate Tuition Remission Fellowships to approximately 20 South
Africans graduate students, many of them seeking advanced training in
cultural and development-relevant fields. These have included
postgraduate students from the Universities of Fort Hare, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo (formerly U.
of the North), North-West, Walter Sisulu University (formerly Transkei), Venda, and Western
Cape. These were designated by MSU as graduate-level fellowships in response to the call of
African uniersities for U.S. universities to fund Ph.D.s as future university faculty in African
universties rather than only B.A. level undergraduates.
Over these years, many MSU graduate students both from the U.S. and South Africa completed
theses and dissertations on South Africa. (See Appendix B: Dissertations and Terminal
Masters Degrees about South Africa by Michigan State University Graduate Students, 19612010.) In 2008, on the occasion of the awarding of an honorary doctorate to President Nelson
Mandela, MSU established the Nelson Mandela Museum/Michigan State University Museum
Curatorial Fellowship Program for an MSU scholar to travel annually to the Nelson Mandela
Museum in Qunu, Eastern Cape to assist with developing the museum and its exhibits.
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B. National Conferences on South Africa organized by the MSU African
Studies Center in 1986, 1990, 1998, and 2005
In order to further intelligent conversation across the nation about U.S. responses to the peoples
of South Africa and to have a national impact on U.S. university, college, and government
policies, MSU convened four national conferences in East Lansing and one in Johannesburg
from 1986 to 2005.
1. “United States Initiatives for the Education and Training of South Africans and
Namibians,” November 23-25, 1986. MSU convened this conference in order to bring together
representatives of many U.S. colleges and universities, major U.S. foundations, the Institute of
International Education, U.S. government (especially the State Department and U.S. Agency for
International Development). In addition, representatives of the African liberation movements
(ANC, PAC, SWAPO) who were persona non grata in their home countries as well as Angolan
education officials of the MPLA Government were invited. Because students were coming to
U.S. universities and colleges from inside South Africa as well, a representative also was invited
from the South African Government’s Department of Education.
In response to UN and global concern about apartheid and divestment campaigns on more than
150 campuses, U.S. universities (and foundations) debated how they should assist South African
and Namibian students and institutions in confronting and remediating apartheid. Many
university administrations, especially those closely allied with corporations, opted for providing
scholarships for a few South Africans and Namibians to study at their campuses as a “positive”
alternative to divestment, paralleling corporations adopting the Leon Sullivan Principles that
sought to improve U.S. companies’ employee working conditions inside South Africa as an
alaternative to demands for their withdrawal. Most of these scholarship programs were only for
undergraduate students, although African universities across the continent called for training
Ph.D.s to staff their faculties. Furthermore, students were being recruited exclusively from
inside South Africa, where the apartheid government had a say in who would be given passports
and permission to leave. This left refugee South Africans and Namibians, many who left South
Africa after the Soweto uprisings of 1976, clustered in camps in Zambia, Tanzania, and other
“Frontline States,” abandoned without bursaries and fellowships. At a pre-conference seminar of
South African, Namibian, and Angolan participants, these representatives of their education
departments developed criteria for those providing aid for the education of Africans from their
countries in a paper “Proposed Guidelines on Financial and Other Forms of Assistance for
Education and Training of South Africans and Namibians.” They asked especially for a) not
undercutting sanctions, b) not strengthening the repressive governments, c) supporting refugee
students from outside South Africa as well as from inside the country, and d) consulting with
African spokespersons and not only government, corporate, and NGOs inside South Africa and
Namibia. Also in preparation for the conference, MSU Profs. William Derman and David
Gordon traveled to Southern Africa in order to prepare a “Report on Educational Needs in South
Africa and Namibia.” The conference was funded by the C.S. Mott Foundation and MSU.
Some major outcomes of the conference were a) to sensitize U.S. donors to the special needs of
refugee and internal South African students of color, b) to provide U.S. university representatives
with a deeper understanding of the debate and the opportunities to act collaboratively with
representatives of the South African and Namibian people and of the Frontline states who were
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supporting them, and c) to invest in graduate fellowships for refugee scholars. Soon after the
conference, the Center urgently asked U.S. participants to sign a letter to the South African
Government protesting the detentions of education leaders in South Africa, several of whom had
just attended the conference.
2. MSU-ANC North American Conference: “Our Education for Building a Non-Racial
and Democratic South Africa,” August 10-13, 1990. This first and only North American
Conference for South African Youth and Students convened almost 700 South African students
enrolled in institutions in the U.S. and Canada to plan for their participating in the transition to
majority rule in South Africa and “building the new South Africa.” The conference was cosponsored by the Youth Wing of the African National Congress of South Africa, represented by
Lindol Mofole. It was open explicitly to South Africa students of all political affiliations and all
“races.” The conference was funded by MSU and the W.K. Kellogg Foundation and was
organized by the MSU African Studies Center. Many MSU faculty and students and Michigan
legislators participated in discussing race, education, politics, and social integration in the U.S.
and South Africa with the students and a number of ANC representatives from South Africa and
the U.S.
3. “Academic Partnerships with South Africans for Mutual Capacity Building,” October
18-21, 1998. This conference focused on the role of U.S. institutions in collaboration with South
African institutions in the post-apartheid period and emerged from the discussions in the Higher
Education Forum of the U.S.-South Africa Binational Commission. Commonly termed the
“Gore-Mbeki commission,” the project was designed to increase cooperation of the two
countries across many areas of government, including science and technology, agriculture,
forestry, commerce, and higher education. In the Higher Education Forum, discussions emerged
about partnerships between U.S. and South African universities and how to increase the
transparency, reciprocity, and equity of these collaborations. One result was a set of ethical
standards or guidelines for university partnerships derived in meetings of David Wiley, member
of the forum representing MSU, with members of the Committee of Technikon Principals (CTP)
and the South African University Vice Chancellors Association (SAUVCA), which was
reorganized as the Higher Education South Africa Association (HESA) in 2005.
The conference was a cooperative venture of SAUVCA, CTP, the Historically Disadvantaged
Institutions Forum (HDIForum), and MSU. The principal organizing for this conference was by
Prof. Moses Turner, Department of Higher Education Administration, and former MSU Vice
President of Student Affairs, with the African Studies Center, obtained funding from Kellogg
Foundation for the organization of the conference and from Ford Foundation (Johannesburg) for
expenses of the South African participants. Participants came from half of the 37 South African
higher education institutions; 17 U.S. historically black colleges and universities; 70 U.S.
universities, colleges, and community colleges; plus representatives from Canadian and
European institutions, the South African Department of Education and Parliament; and several
U.S. foundations.
4. MSU National Conference on South Africa for NAFSA, East Lansing, 1998 NAFSA,“the world's largest nonprofit professional association dedicated to international
education,” approached MSU to organize a three-day conference on South Africa to inform
foreign student advisors and international education specialists from across the U.S. about the
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history and current developments in South Africa and the needs of South African students
studying on their campuses. NAFSA funded the conference, and the MSU African Studies
Center organized it, providing a mix of MSU specialists on South Africa and senior South
African graduate students to offer talks and panels at the meeting, as well as to answer the many
questions of the participants.
5. US-SA Binational Commission 2005 Consultative Meeting on South African-U.S.
Partnership Standards, Johannesburg – In 1999, MSU African Studies Center proposed a
national project to support the activities of the U.S.-S.A. Binational Commission (US-SA BNC)
to grow high quality U.S. academic partnershps with South African universities and technikons.
The project created several on-line resources on South African higher education institutions and
associations with their address and contact numbers, a list that did not exist at that time.
Although the Binational Commission had begun in 1995, the Higher Education Forum (HEF) of
the BNC only initiated activities in 1998. With support from the Rockefeller Foundation for the
HEF through the American Council on Education, MSU created a) the first online directory to all
South African higher education intitutions, their addresses and fields of study to facilitate
communication, b) an online directory of South
African government and private educational
organizations with their purposes and contact
ionformation, and c) a database of US-SA
binational higher education partnerships with
their purposes, funding sources, activities, and
contact numbers. (See
http://africa.isp.msu.edu/USSA/.)
To conclude the project, in 2005 in Johannesburg, David Wiley, member of the HEF
representing U.S. Africanist scholars, organized a meeting with members of the CTP,
SAUVCA, and HESA for a consultation in Johannesburg to develop a set of ethical standards or
guidelines for university partnerships between South African and U.S. higher education
institutions. Like the 1998 Academic Partnerships Conference at MSU, this consultation resulted
from the rush of foreign institutions to South Africa after the 1994 transition and the confusion
and, in some cases, lack of quality in partnership practice. This consultation sought to establish
standards for partnerships that would shape the practices in establishing partnerships and that
would reflect commitment to mutualty, eqauity, transparency, and reciprocity. (See Appendix C
- Guidelines of "best practices" for partnerships between tertiary institutions in South Africa
and the United States.)
C. Celebrating South Africa’s Transition to Majority Rule
The transition to the end of apartheid was marked in February 1990 by the end of the ban on the
ANC and other anti-apartheid organisations and the release of Nelson Mandela from prison. In
November 1993, with urging from Mandela and the ANC, MSU and the State of Michigan ended
their economic sanctions and cultural boycott and made plans for engaging with South African
institutions of higher education for the “new South Africa.”
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Initiating new University Linkages in South Africa In spring 1992, a prominent anti-apartheid rector from
South Africa, Prof. Jairam Reddy of the University of
Durban-Westville (the apartheid-designated “university
for Indians”) visited East Lansing to invite MSU to
come back to South Africa and to partner with his
university in work to build the post-apartheid university.
He indicated that it was MSU’s role in supporting the
struggle against apartheid that was the basis for his
invitation. Reddy urged MSU to send a delegation to
the forthcoming National Conference of the Union of Democratic University Staff Associations
(UDUSA) on “Transforming South African Universities: The Search for New Policy and
Strategic Directions,” on July 1-3, 1992 in Durban at the University of Durban-Westville
(UDW). UDUSA had been formed by progressive faculty and staff at a
number of South African universities in the 1980s in order to become a force
for extensive change in the South African tertiary education system. UDUSA
was allied with the mass democratic movement including the United
Democratic Front. A number of UDW senior staff were UDUSA officers,
including Profs. Mala Singh, Vishnu Padayachee, Blade Nzimande, and
Michael Sutcliffe.
At this stage, MSU was committed to developing partnerships only with historically
disadvantaged institutions (HDIs), and UDW was the first of these. Reddy indicated that this
conference would be the occasion to negotiate an MSU partnership with UDW. MSU had as
representatives at the conference: David Plank, Elizabeth Eldredge, John Metzler, Anne
Schneller, and David Wiley. From this beginning, Plank, Eldredge, Wiley, and Bratton each
spent a full academic year at UDW on Fulbright-Hays Faculty grants, and a number of other
linkage projects developed as a result. Now, merged with the University of Natal, the combined
university is named the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
In the late 1990s, Professor Reddy spent a sabbatical at MSU as a base for studying the Michigan
community colleges as a model he believed was relevant for South Africa.
In the summer of 1995, MSU's Vice President for University Projects, Charles Greenleaf,
established the MSU Action Group on South Africa (AGSA) consisting of faculty and South
African graduate students. The mandate for AGSA was to report to the President and Provost on
developing a university-wide strategy for MSU involvement in South Africa. After wideranging consultation and deliberation, AGSA recommended a number of strategies, focusing on
developing linkages between MSU and historically disadvantaged universities and technikons
(HDIs) in South Africa, specifically the Universities of Fort Hare, the North, the Transkei, and
Durban-Westville. The South Africa Implementation Group was formed to implement
recommendations of AGSA, and a fund of $50,000 was established by the Provost to support
travel by MSU faculty to South Africa to explore new linkage opportunities.
Soon, MSU initiated additional linkages with other HDIs, particulary University of Fort Hare,
University of the Transkei (now Walter Sisulu University), University of the North (now
University of Limpopo), North West University, University of Port Elizabeth (now Nelson
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Mandela Metropolitan University), and University of the Western Cape.
After 2000, MSU faculty have engaged with colleagues at numerous South African universities,
technikons, cultural institutions, and non-governmental organizations, and these programs,
projects, and partnerships are described below. For a list of South African institutions with
which MSU has developed collaborative projects or programs, see Appendix A: South African
Institutions with which MSU has collaborated, 1996-2006.
In support of South Africans in archiving the history of their struggle, MSU deposited records of
these SALC anti-apartheid struggles in the Special Collections of the MSU Libraries in 1998
and, along with posters and demonstration placards from these campaigns, in three collections in
South Africa -- the Mayibuye Centre located at the University of the Western Cape, the African
National Congress Archive at University of Fort Hare, and the Documentation Research Centre
located at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Honoring South African Heroes
In order to give respect for the many South Africans who gave their lives to the struggle for
freedom, democracy, and development, MSU honored three of these with honorary doctorates,
Ahmed Kathrada in 2005, Nelson Mandela in 2008, and Bishop Desmond Tutu in 2009.
Hon. Ahmed Kathrada - In 1995 and 1997, in respect for the MSU
history to support the people of South Africa, Parliamentarian Ahmed
Kathrada, visited MSU to deposit copies of his prison papers in the MSU
Libraries, to lecture at MSU, and to speak at the Lansing United Nations
Day celebrations. Kathrada then was a Member of Parliament,
Parliamentary Advisor to President Mandela, an ANC leader, and
founder of the Robben Island Museum and chairperson of its Council.
(See http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/timeline-ahmed-mohamedkathrada-1929 and http://www.kathradafoundation.org/biography.html.)
He was a veteran of the South African liberation struggle as one of the
famous Rivonia trialists and long-serving political prisoner on Robben
Island and Pollsmoor Maximum Prison with Mandela. At MSU, with
support from the College of Arts and Letters, Bob Vassen, Associate
Director of the English Language Center, edited Kathrada personal letters written while still in
prison. These were published by the MSU Press as Letters From Robben Island: A Selection of
Ahmed Kathrada's Prison Correspondence, 1964-1989, by Ahmed Kathrada and Robert Vassen
(Michigan State University Press, 1999, 263 pages). In Fall 1999 the formal launch of "Letters
from Robben Island" at MSU followed by a national book launch at Detroit, New York,
Washington, Boston, and Los Angeles. In 2005 MSU awarded Kathrada an Honorary Doctorate
of Humanities Degree, and in 2011 the MSU Museum developed a traveling exhibit titled
"Ahmed 'Kathy' Kathrada: A South African Activist for Non-Racialism and Democracy."
Hon. Nelson R. Mandela - On May 2, 2008, Michigan State University recognized Nelson
Mandela, Nobel Peace Prize winner and former president of South Africa, with an Honorary
Doctorate of Laws during spring commencement ceremonies. Mr. Mandela was too frail to
travel, and sent a videotaped response to be played at the commencement ceremony. He
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indicated that this was the last honorary degree he would accept and was doing this one only
because of MSU’s role in the struggle and many projects in South Africa in the past decade.
MSU President Lou Anna Simon said,“MSU is honored to
recognize Mandela …for his important contributions to a
rapidly changing world…Mandela’s leadership and
perseverance in the face of overwhelming opposition make
him an excellent role model for all of today’s graduates who
will assume the leadership roles of tomorrow in the emerging
global marketplace.” Mandela was represented in absentia at
the ceremonies by The Hon. Yusuf Omar, Consul General of
South Africa in Chicago.
In a portion of his address, President Mandela said,
“… It is a privilege to receive the honorary degree from the Michigan State University.
We recall your support during our struggle for freedom. Many universities and colleges,
religious organizations, labor unions, and local and state legislatures followed this
example.
We are inspired by your numerous programs that continue to support our efforts
to transform our country. In this spirit of continuing friendship we wish to challenge you
to act accordingly in addressing the many challenges confronting our continent and our
world. The world today needs a respectful and equitable partnership between nations of
the world.
We also need international institutions that equitably serve the needs of nations.
In the years ahead we will follow with interest how Michigan State University expands
its global vision of a world with justice, peace, and development for all.
We are honored to be associated with the University in this way…”
In response, President Lou Anna K. Simon said:
“Michigan States’ program and activities in South Africa over many years were built on
shared values, a sense of passion, for justice, for freedom, and for a chance to make
people’s dreams bigger. And a commitment that our work would go beyond simply a
project or an activity to a series of programs that met the needs of the people of South
Africa by being a good listener and by being a good partner. … our commitment remains
strong and our resolve even stronger today because Dr. Mandela has permitted his name
to be formally associated with MSU.”
Archbishop Desmond Tutu – In May 2009, Tutu a South African activist who served as an
opponent of apartheid during the 1980s and Chair of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission
thereafter, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984, the Gandhi Peace Prize, the Albert
Schweitzer Prize for Humanitarianism,was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters
and was the featured speaker during MSU spring undergraduate convocation. (See
http://www.wmsu.org/program.php?id=299.)
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Bishop Tutu called on the assembled students and faculty to
believe that we are a common family. “If we believe in this,” he
said, “how could we ever spend again the obscene amount that
we spend on arms, on weapons of destruction, when we know
that a tiny amount would enable everyone in the world to have
clean water to drink, enough food to eat, a good education, a
secure home.”
Commenting as a South African leader, Tutu said,
“When we were groaning under the yoke of a vicious system of
racist oppression called apartheid, this university blazed a trail
by being the first to divest from corporations with links to South
Africa. Divestment was a powerful instrument that helped to
secure our freedom. Before this we were treated like dirt in the land of our birth. Our leaders
such as Nelson Mandela were imprisoned or banned or in exile. Now we are free.... But it is a
victory that would have been quite impossible without the support of our friends such as
yourselves in the anti-apartheid movement. People demonstrated on our behalf, boycotted South
African goods for us. They staged vigils, were arrested, and were a glorious part of that
liberation movement. Students, young people, overwhelmingly were to be found in that
movement. And what they did at that time effected a change in the moral atmosphere in this
country, because you know, President Reagan, a hugely popular president, was opposed to
sanctions and divestment. But the moral change in this country constrained your Congress to
pass the anti-apartheid bill with a presidential veto override to boot. I come and say on behalf of
millions of my compatriots, totally inadequately but truly heartfelt, thank you, thank you, thank
you for helping us to be free.”
In addition to these three national leaders, a number of prominent South Africans were
welcomed at MSU after 1994 and provided lectures, seminars, and presentations in local schools.
These included: Eddie Daniels, ex Robben Island political prisoner who served 15 years with
Mandela and author of There & Back: Robben Island 1964-1979; Laloo Chiba, Robben Island
prisoner for 18 years, member of the African National Congress' (ANC) and Umkonto we Sizwe
(MK) from 1961, and two-term member of parliament in South Africa; Barbara Hogan, one of a
very few women who served a 10-year sentence for her ANC membership and activites,
Member of Parliament and Minister of Health and of Public Enterprises; and Andre Odendaal,
former Director of the Robben Island Museum, the only white first-class South African cricketer
to play with black cricketers during the apartheid era, Chairperson of the Transformation
Committee of the United Cricket Board of South Africa, and author of several works on cricket
and sport in South Africa.
D. MSU Programs and Scholarship with and on South Africa 1994-2012
1.
History, Cultural Heritage, Arts and Humanities
a) South African National Cultural Heritage Training and Technology Program (SANCH)
This collaborative project, funded in 2000 for three years by the Mellon Foundation, provided
training in information technology and public exhibits for current and prospective staff of South
African heritage collections through workshops, technical training, and demonstration projects.
(See: www.sanch.org/.)
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This project involved the
following MSU faculty: Kurt
Dewhurst (English, MSU
Museum), John Eadie, former
Dean of the College of Arts and Letters, Project Director Peter Knupfer (MATRIX and
Department of History), Mark Kornbluh (History, MATRIX), Marsha MacDowell (Art and Art
History, MSU Museum), Dean Rehberger (MATRIX and WRAC), Robert Vassen (English
Language Center), and David Wiley (African Studies Center and Sociology). Kornbluh, Eadie,
Dewhurst, and Wiley were the Principal Investigators.
In South Africa, the project included numerous partners, including the UWC/Robben Island
Museum Mayibuye Archives, South African National Archives, African National Congress
Archives, University of Natal Campbell Collections and University of Durban-Westville's
Documentation Centre (now combined in University of KwaZulu-Natal), University of
Witwatersrand's Department of Historical Papers, and the South African Museums Association.
In addition, representatives of many South African cultural institutions, archives, and museums
served on the project’s South African National Cultural Heritage Committee. Staff of the
following institutions of higher education participated in conferences and workshops of SANCH:
University of Fort Hare, University of the North-West, University of the Western Cape,
University of Durban-Westville and University of Natal-Durban (now University of KwaZuluNatal, University of Witwatersrand, University of Cape Town, and Technikon South Africa.
Participants also were staff of the South African Department of Arts, Culture, Science and
Technology (DACST), the National Archives of South Africa, Robben Island Museum, District
6 Museum, ANC Archives, Johannesburg Art Gallery, and others.
U.S. Historically Black Colleges and Universities were engaged in this project through internship
opportunities at South African cultural institutions as well as participation in selected workshops.
The Ford Foundation funded this element of the project.
b) South African Film and Video Project
This project provided bibliographical access to the broad and deep heritage of film and video that
recorded the coming of majority rule in South Africa and other countries of Southern Africa and
is digitized selected videos for preservation and access. The project is built on the 14,000-item
database of the African Studies
Center’s African Media
Program -- which indexed and
reviewed film and video on
Africa since 1978 . Partners in
the project were the Cultural
and Media Studies program at
the University of KwaZuluNatal, MATRIX: The Center for
Humane Arts, Letters, and
Social Sciences Online, the ANC
Archive, and the African Studies
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Center. (See: http://www.africanmedia.msu.edu/) This project was funded by the U.S.
Department of Education’s Program on Technological Innovation and Cooperation for Foreign
Information Access (TICFIA).
Because the cost of digitizing video has decreased significantly, the project also has been able to
preserve and provide access to selected video content from South Africa, beginning with the
Community Video Education Trust collection (see item B.2, above). Video taken by the African
National Congress in exile from 1960 to 1990 was targeted with purchase of digitizing and
preservation equipment for the ANC Fil and Video Archive in Johannesburg.
c) South African History Archive (SAHA) Partnership - oral history project
(part of the African Oral Narratives project)
MSU has undertaken the African Oral Narratives project with partners in South Africa, Ethiopia,
Ghana, and Malawi to expand online content in various African langauges (as well as English) of
a variety of contemporary oral narrative formats. In South Africa, the project is working with the
South African History Archive (SAHA), particularly its Struggles for Justice Programme.
Collections available from South Africa now include Military Intelligence in Apartheid-Era
South Africa, 'Forgotten' Voices, Julie Frederikse Collection, White South Africans who fought
against Apartheid, 1981 Detainees History Project. At MSU, the project’s Principal
Investigators are David Wiley, James Pritchett, and Dean Rehberger, and MATRIX and the
African Studies Center are involved in implementation. The project was funded by the U.S.
Department of Education’s Program on Technological Innovation and Cooperation for Foreign
Information Access (TICFIA) from 2009-2012.
d) Mandela Museum / Michigan State University Curatorial Fellowship Program
MSU launched a the Nelson Mandela Museum/Michigan State University Museum Curatorial
Fellowship Program in July 2008 in honor of Nelson Mandela’s 90th birthday and the Honorary
Doctor of Laws degree presented to him at the 2008 MSU Spring Commencement. This annual
fellowship will support an MSU graduate student to undertake curatorial work on projects that
build the partnership between the Nelson Mandela Museum and the Michigan State University
Museum. The program is being led by Khwezi kaMpumlwana (CEO, Mandela Museum), Noel
Solani (Curator, Mandela Museum), C. Kurt Dewhurst, and Marsha MacDowell.
e) Ahmed Kathrada Foundation for Non-Racialism and Democracy and the Ahmed
Kathrada Museum Center
Michigan State University has been involved as
providing assistance to the Ahmed Kathrada
Foundation in the areas of collection development,
museum and exhibition planning, and digital asset
management. The Kathrada Foundation, located in
Lenasia (near Johannesburg), is now in the process of
developing a new building that will serve as both a
museum, educational center, and the home of the
administrative offices of the foundation. C. Kurt
Dewhurst has been serving as one of the members of the core planning group for the design and
development of the museum center. This includes working with the architect, site development
planning, exhibition and educational programming for this fac ility that is scheduled to open in
18
2014. The MSU Museum worked with the foundation to create a traveling exhibition entitled,
Ahmed “Kathy” Kathrada: A South African Activist for Non-Racialism and Democracy, which
opened at the University of Kentucky in 2011 and is traveling in the U.S. to help promote the
forthcoming Kathrada Museum Center.
f) C. Kurt Dewhurst, MSU Museum, University Outreach & Engagement, and Department
of English
Dewhurst’s South Africa research interests include folklife and folk arts,
material culture, ethnicity, occupational folk culture, and cultural heritage
policy. His South Africa research interests include folklife and folk arts,
material culture, ethnicity, occupational folk culture, and cultural heritage
policy. He also has served as a facilitator for an assessment of the Cultural
Heritage and Tourism program at the UKZN and the Centre for Cultural
Studies at University of Ft. Hare, delivered a keynote address at the 2008
South African Museum Association Annual Conference, and was an invited
speaker at the 2008 Critical Reflections on the Legacy of Nelson Mandela
Colloquium. He publishes on South African arts, museum theory and
practice, as well cultural policy. He was a Fulbright Scholar in the
Department of Anthropology and Museum of Anthropology at
University of Witwatersrand (2011). He was one of the organizers of
the exhibition: Ahmed “Kathy” Kathrada: A South African Activist for
Non-Racialism and Democracy that opened at the University of
Kentucky in 2011 is traveling in the U.S. He is serving as an advisor
for the planning of the Ahmed Kathrada Museum Center that will open
in 2014 and he is the co-leader of the partnership between the Nelson
Mandela Museum and MSU Museum. He is also a co-author of
Siyazama: Art, AIDS, and Education in South Africa, University of
KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2012.
g) Marsha MacDowell, MSU Museum and Department of Art and Art History
MacDowell’s South Africa research is focused on the production and meaning
of contemporary traditional material culture, gender studies, museum and
cultural heritage studies, folk arts and education, and development of digital
repositories of accessible museum and archival collections for research and
education. MacDowell has served as a consultant to a number of South African
cultural heritage institutions. She has
delivered papers, including an invited
keynote address at the South African
Museums Association and was an invited
speaker at the 2008 Critical Reflections on the Legacy of
Nelson Mandela Colloquium. She was one of the organizers
of the exhibition Ahmed “Kathy” Kathrada: A South African
Activist for Non-Racialism and Democracy which opened at
the University of Kentucky in 2011 is traveling in the U.S.
She was the recipient of a fellowship from the James
Foundation for research for a book on South African quilting
traditions. She is also a co-author of Siyazama: Art, AIDS,
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and Education in South Africa (University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2012). She is serving a
curator for a special exhibition entitled, Mandela Quilts and Quilts of Tribute to the Leaders of
the Liberation Struggle for the ANC Centennial Celebration. The exhibit opens in September
2012 in East London (SA) and thereafter will travel to other sites in South Africa. Also, an
online collection, The South African Quilt History Project,” is available as part of the Quilt
Index, a project of the MSU Museum, MATRIX, and The Alliance for American Quilts. (See:
http://www.quiltindex.org/contributor.php?kid=59-C4-0)
h) Peter Glendinning, Professor, MSU Department of Art, Art History, and Design In February
1999, Glendinning, as Board Member of the Photo Imaging Education Association, an
international organization of photography faculty, was
invited as a visiting lecturer at Technikon Pretoria (now
Tshwane University), Bloemfontein Technikon (now
Central University of Technology), and Port Elizabeth
Technikon (now Nelson Mandela Metropolitan
University). He lectured in each of photography programs
on U.S. copyright law and related professional practices,
held workshops for students and local professional
photographers on his practice of studio lighting and
creative portraiture with the Hosemaster Turbofilter
lighting system, and created portraits of a broad cross
section of South Africans. His travel was sponsored by a grant from the MSU African Studies
Center and Calumet Photographic. Calumet donated a complete Turbofilter lighting system to
Technikon Pretoria to enhance the education of its students and research by its faculty at a time
when there was only one such system in South Africa.
The portraits he created were exhbited in the following
year at the South African Embassy in Washington, D.
C. and at the consulates in New York and Chicago as
well as in displays in Calumet Photographic retail
outlets worldwide. Glendinning's visits resulted in
further exchanges between those South African
counterparts and MSU's Art, Art History, and Design
faculty and students. In 2000, 2001, and 2002, students
from MSU, Port Elizabeth Technikon, and Wingate University (North Carolina) created an
exchange exhibit that toured all three campuses. In 2001 Prof. Cuz Jeppe of the Technikon
Pretoria Fine Arts faculty spent two weeks at MSU offering lectures on contemporary artists in
South Africa, including his own drawings, and leading drawing workshops. He and Glendinning
also organized an exchange exhibit of artwork by faculty members that was hung in both
institutions. In 2002 Technikon Pretoria artist Prof. Ian Redlinghuys was hosted as a visiting
artist at MSU, lecturing on his own work and on David Goldblatt, and leading drawing
workshops. In 2007, Prof. Waldemar Busshian of Tshwane University and Prof. Glenn Meyer of
Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, visited MSU and gave demonstrations in photography
and lectures on their own artwork as well as that of contemporary South African photographers.
i) Luthuli Museum Archival Cooperation and Educational Program Planning
The MSU Libraries and African Studies Center have worked to contribute papers and
audio-tapes to the archival holdings of the museum from collection of Mary Louise Hooper, an
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American woman who volunteered as Albert Luthuli's private secretary in the early 1950s. This
collection was donated to MSU as a result of the African Activist Archive Project. The Michigan
State University Museum-based faculty and staff have provided consultation to the Luthuli
Museum professional staff on development of educational programming.
j) Peter Alegi, Professor, Department of History
Alegi is Associate Professor of History and the
author of Laduma! Soccer, Politics and Society in
South Africa (University of KwaZulu-Natal
Press, 2004; 2nd edition 2010) and African
Soccerscapes: How a Continent Changed the
World's Game (Ohio University Press, 2010). His other publications
include South Africa and the Global Game: Football, Apartheid and
Beyond (Routledge, 2010) and Africa’s World Cup: Essays on Play,
Patriotism, Spectatorship, and Urban Space
(University of Michigan Press, 2012), a
study of Chief Albert Luthuli’s sporting
past in Sport and Liberation in South Africa
(NAHECS/University of Fort Hare 2006), and a history of trade union
beauty pageants in Cape Town. He teaches courses on South Africa
and supervises doctoral students working on South African topics.
He co-hosts the Africa Past and Present podcast and blogs at
footballiscominghome. In 2010 Alegi was a Fulbright Scholar at the
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg campus, where he
delivered the 17th Alan Paton Memorial Lecture on the topic of
"Soccer and Human Rights: Chief Luthuli, Alan Paton, Dennis Brutus
and the 2010 World Cup."
j) Peter Limb, Africana Librarian and Adjunct Professor of History
Peter Limb (PhD) teaches occasional courses and co-supervises PhD
students on South Africa. Limb has written widely on South Africa,
including The People’s Paper: A Centenary History & Anthology of
Abantu-Batho (Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 2012), A.B.
Xuma, Autobiography & Selected Correspondence & Essays (Cape
Town: Van Riebeeck Society, 2012), The ANC's Early Years: Nation,
Class and Place in South Africa before 1940
(Unisa Press, 2010), Grappling with the Beast:
Indigenous Southern African Responses to
Colonialism, 1840-1920 (Leiden: Brill, 2010), and
Nelson Mandela: A Biography (Greenwood Press,
2008). For his work, he received the MSU
Distinguished Faculty Award in 2012. His current research on South Africa
includes African urban associational life, women in early African politics,
the anti-apartheid movement, and African-Indian nationalism, and he also
writes on digitization and libraries in Africa. He was a Visiting Fellow at
Mayibuye Centre in 1995.
21
k) Bob Vassen, English Language Center, Professor Emeritus
Vassen, originally escaped from South Africa and probable arrest as an ANC member. AT MSU,
he conceived of, completed the compilation, and edited the volume, Letters from Robben Island:
A Selection of Ahmed Kathrada's Prison Correspondence, with a Foreword by Nelson Mandela
and Introduction by Walter Sisulu (Michigan State University Press, 1999). MSU funded the
editing and compiling of the volume, and Kathrada donated a
copy of all these letters to MSU. Kathrada is a veteran of the
South African liberation struggle and, along with Nelson
Mandela, was a long-serving political prisoner on Robben Island
and Pollsmoor Maximum Prison. Kathrada was appointed
political advisor to President Mandela in the newly created
position of Parliamentary Counsellor. He also served as a
Member of Parliament and was granted an honorary Doctorate of
Humanities from MSU in 2005. Kathrada visited MSU regularly
from 1995 onwards. Listen to Vassen’s hour-long recollections of
the struggle and Kathrada on streamed audio at
http://archive.lib.msu.edu/VVL/vincent/afstudies/media/vassen010705.ram.]
l) Language Research Training Project with North West University-Mafikeng
The African American Language and Literacy
Program, Department of English, College of Arts and
Letters, at Michigan State University (MSU)
established a partnership agreement to foster
international cooperation in education and research
with the Department of English, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, at North West
University (NWU) at Mafikeng (formerly University of North-West). The Partnership Agreement
had its genesis in a fortuitous meeting between University Distinguished Professor Geneva
Smitherman and Ms. Tumelontle Thiba at the “English in Africa” Conference in Grahamstown,
South Africa in 1995. They planned a partnership that would include graduate training at MSU
for Ms. Thiba and her colleagues and potential research at NWU by MSU faculty. A 1996 visit
to NWU by Prof. Smitherman led to a one-week working session on a funding proposal to
underwrite the graduate training, joined by Prof. Susan Gass, Director of MSU’s English
Language Center, Ms. Thiba from NWU, and Prof. Sheila Mmusi from the University of
Limpopo (formerly University of the North). Thiba enrolled as a Ph.D. teaching assistant in
MSU’s English Language Center in Fall Semester, 1997, and subsequently completed her Ph.D.
at MSU on language attitudes in North West Province. In May-June
1998 the South African Faculty Research Seminar, supported by MSU
International Studies and Programs, was launched by Prof.
Smitherman as a pilot project at MSU and was attended by three
NWU faculty/academic staff: Mr. Seatlholo M. Matlhako (Academic
Development Center), Ms. S’mangaliso O. Y. Rakale (Department of
English), and Ms. Tumelontle Thiba (Department of Enlgish on study
leave at MSU). The Seminar was an introduction to and overview of
research methodology, including computer-assisted language
instruction, scholarly publication, and outreach linkages between
22
universities and public schools. The success of the pilot project resulted in a Spencer Foundation
grant in 2001-2003 supporting intensive training in language research for the NWU English
faculty, a summer institute at MSU, and seminars and research meetings at NWU. From these
efforts, several NWU faculty members presented papers at an international linguistics conference
as well as refereed journal articles. Then MSU’s Prof. Denise Troutman was at NWU on a
Fulbright Fellowship (see below). Future cooperative projects have been planned for language
teacher-researchers on using technology in language and literacy instruction in primary and
secondary schools that are within the NWU professional network.
m) Denise Troutman, Professor, Writing, Rhetoric, and American Culture
Prof. Troutman was a Visiting Fulbright Fellow at North West University
for 12 months in 2001-02. There she worked developing research on South
African language policy with NWU faculty and students, broadened her
teaching experience in sociolinguistics, and conducted cross-cultural
research on Black women’s language. She participated in the MSU
seminars on campus and at NWU for the development of research capacity
and professional teaching and research in the MSU partnership with that
university.
n) Carol Myers-Scotton, Professor Emeritus, Linguistics…and African Languages
Prof. Myers-Scotton began research on linguistics in South Africa in 1990.
She has offered papers and lectures at an international conference sponsored
by the University of Witwatersrand and on language policy in Africa in
Durban. In the early 1990s she taught in the Linguistics Department at
Witwatersrand. In 1995, she consulted with two South African linguists in
developing journal articles on “The structure of Tsotsitaal and Isicamto: Code
switching and in-group identity in South African
townships,” Linguistics 35.317-42. (1997) and, with Sarah Slabbert and
Rosalie Finlayson, “Orderly mixing and accommodation in South African
codeswitching,” Journal of Sociolinguistics 2.395-420.
In 2004 and 2005, she conducted research under an NSF grant on language
use patterns of Xhosa-English bilinguals living in the JohannesburgPretoria area. She continues research on these on the hypothesis that
bilingual speakers do not mix the grammars of their two languages, even
when engaging in codeswitching in the same sentence. She published a
chapter in an edited volume, "The grammatical profile of L1 speakers on
the stairs of potential language shift," Language Attrition, Theoretical Aspects, (2007) pp. 69-82,
Amsterdam: Benajmins. She continues to analyze these data and has used examples in recent
conference papers, such as, with Janice Jake, “How much does it cost? Implications from
codeswitching for language production,” 8th International Symposium on Bilingualism, Oslo,
Norway (2011).
23
o) Geneva Smitherman, University Distinguished Professor Emerita, Department of English,
Smitherman’s research on language planning-policy
in South Africa dates to her 1995 sabbatical at the
University of Cape Town where she worked with Dr.
Neville Alexander, founder of The Project for
Alternative Education in South Africa (PRAESA).
Her MSU doctoral seminars on language policy
included major units on language education and policy
in South Africa. With the end of apartheid, she
recruited several South African students to MSU,
including Tumelontle Thiba, Nkhelebeni Phaswana,
and Leketi Makalela, who earned their Ph.D.’s in English under
Smitherman. Because of her long-standing research and activism in language equality issues in
the U.S., Smitherman has frequently been invited to give keynote
lectures and language education workshops at universities and
conferences in South Africa, including the Universities of Cape
Town, Limpopo, the Western Cape, Witwatersrand, and Zululand
and the Southern African Applied Linguistics Association.
Publications dealing with South African language issues include
“From ‘Hujambo’ to ‘Molo’: Study of and Interest in African
Languages among African Americans,” in K.K.Prah, ed., Between
Distinction & Extinction: The Harmonisation and Standardisation of
African Languages (Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand,
1998) and “Language and Democracy in the United States of America
and South Africa” in S. Makoni and N. Kamwangamalu, eds.,
Language and Institutions in Africa, (Cape Town: Centre for
Advanced Studies of African Society, 2000).
2. Partnerships in Higher Education
a) Ann E. Austin, Professor, Department of Educational Administration
Ann Austin’s research interests concern organizational change and
transformation in higher education, academic work, faculty careers and
professional development, and teaching and learning in higher education,
and she has worked in each of these areas in South Africa. Her work in
South Africa began when she spent the 1998 year at the University of
Port Elizabeth (now Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University) as a
Fulbright Fellow. During that year, she also presented workshops and
seminars at eleven other South African higher education institutions. In
subsequent years, she spent time as a Visiting Scholar at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan
University (NMMU) and at the University of Durban-Westville. In 2008, 2009, and 2011, she
led faculty and graduate student teams to work collaboratively with colleagues at NMMU on
projects concerning faculty professional development, teaching and learning issues, student
campus life, and student development. She also has hosted four delegations of higher education
administrators and faculty members from South Africa who have visited MSU. She has written a
24
chapter (with C. Foxcroft from NMMU) on the collaboration between NMMU and MSU in a
book entitled Cross-National Collaborations in Higher Education (edited by R. Sakamoto and
D. Chapman, 2011); a chapter on faculty professional development in South Africa in a book
entitled Higher Education in the Developing World: Changing Contexts and Institutional
Responses (edited by D. Chapman and A. Austin, 2002); a
chapter on transformation processes at the University of Port
Elizabeth in Apartheid No More (edited by R. O. Mabokela
and K. L. King, 2001); and an article in the South African
Journal of Higher Education (1998), as well as several
conference papers concerning higher education in South
Africa. She also has served as a member of the Board of
Advisors of the South African Journal of Higher Education.
b)
Reitumetse Mabokela, Professor, Department of Educational Administration
Mabokela’s field of study is race, ethnicity, and
gender issues in post-secondary education with a
particular focus on South Africa. In 2005-06, she
continued her research about senior women
administrators at higher education institutions in the
Gauteng province as part of a diverse group of
international Fulbright New Century
Scholars conducting research on “Higher
Education in the 21st Century: Global
Challenges and National Response.” She has
published many refereed journal articles and
four books on South African higher education – Voices of Conflict:
Desegregating South African Universities (Falmer Press, 2000),
Apartheid No More?: Case Studies of Transformation in Southern
Africa (with Kimberly Lenease King and Robert Arnove) (Bergin &
Garvey, 2001), Sisters of the Academy: Emergent Black Women
Scholars in Higher Education (co-edited with Anna L. Green) (Stylus
Pub. 2001), and Hear Our Voices! Race, Gender and the Status of Black
South African Women in the Academy (co-edited with Zine Magubane)
(Unisa Press and Koninklijke Brill, 2004).
c) Moses Turner, Professor Emeritus, Department of Education Administration
After leaving his post as MSU Vice President for Student Affairs 1979-92,
Turner volunteered under the American Council of Education Program for
senior U.S. university administrators to serve as a consultant for the Vice
Chancellor of the University of Durban-Westville for one year. Subsequently,
Turner was named Director of the U.S. Peace Corps for South Africa. He
then served as a higher education consultant to a variety of universities,
technikons, and tertiary associations in South Africa.
25
3. Partnerships in Teacher Education
Math and science education workshops: In 2002, three women math and science teachers from
University of Durban-Westville, University of the Western Cape, and University of Port
Elizabeth came to MSU as one of three training sites to improve their research skills. Jim
Gallagher (Teacher Education) coordinated this project at MSU. An NSF grant funded this
project, which was led by the University of Wisconsin.
Upgrading education research skills in South Africa: MSU was one of nine U.S. target
institutions, in a project funded by the Spencer Foundation to provide improve research skills of
South African graduate students in the field of education as part of their degree program from a
South African institution. The MSU coordinator has been the head of Teacher Education
doctoral programs.
Placements for MSU education graduate students in South Africa: Several MSU ABD students
in education had the opportunity to teach and conduct research at University of Pretoria,
arranged by Jonathan Jansen, Dean of the Faculty of Education. [See also the Pre-Internship
Teaching in South Africa study abroad program, App IV.]
c) Engaging Race, Class and Gender Relations in Transformative Education
Prof. Jeanne Gazel was a U.S. Fulbright Scholar in Cape Town and
has developed a program on race and gender relations with Dr. Priya
Narismulu of the School of Languages and Literature of the
University of KwaZulu-Natal. Relations among racially diverse
students have become more salient with the merger of the UDW and
the University of Natal-Howard campuses. Gazel has worked there
on curriculum development, extra-curricular activities, outlining
necessary institutional support aimed at engaging key stakeholders in
the merger, and on HIV-AIDS issues in the country.
d) Affirmative Action Policy Development at Durban Institute of Technology
(now Durban University of Technology - DUT)
DUT, the institution created from the merger of M.L. Sultan Technikon and
Technikon Natal, requested assistance from MSU in policy development and
training regarding affirmative action. Paulette Granberry Russell, MSU’s Senior
Adviser to the President for Diversity and Director of the Office of Affirmative
Action Compliance and Monitoring, consulted at DUT in September 2002. Aurles
Wiggins, Director of the Diversity Office of the MSU College of Engineering, also was involved
in this collaboration, which evolved from two visits to MSU by delegations from DUT. External
funding was provided by USAID TELP funding granted to M.L. Sultan Technikon.
e)
Two Projects of Documentation and Partnership Facilitation
MSU provided leadership on several national and bi-national projects concerning higher
education and partnerships between U.S. and South African higher education institutions.
26
● Resources on South African Higher Education provided annotated links to South African
universities and technikons, education NGOs, and South African government policy documents
on higher education. Many websites in
South Africa, the U.S., and Europe
linked to this website at a time when
there were no comparable online
resources produced inside South Africa.
(See http://africa.msu.edu/SAHE.
archived)
● South Africa - U.S. Higher Education Partnerships Project
The Project included (a) a database of 200 partnerships between U.S. and South African higher
education institutions, and (b) a statement of best practices in higher education partnerships
developed at the binational commission meetings. (See Appendix C.)
These efforts emerged from two fora. The first was the 1998 conference on Academic
Partnerships with South Africans for Mutual Capacity Building held at MSU and planned and
co-sponsored with the three South African higher education associations – the South African
Universities’ Vice Chancellors’ Association, Committee of Technikon Principals, and the
Historically Disadvantaged Institutions Forum. The second was the U.S.-South Africa
Binational Commission’s Higher Education Forum, of which David Wiley of the MSU African
Studies Center was a member. The Higher Education Partnerships Project was initiated by the
Binational Forum, and these projects were
implemented at the African Studies Center by David
Wiley with Christine Root (International Studies and
Programs at that time). Project funding was provided
by W. K. Kellogg Foundation and was administered
by the American Council on Education.
f) esATI-MSU Partnership Project on Internet Outreach to Disadvantaged Communities in
KwaZulu-Natal
This project provided training in use of information technology for
South African members of esATI and their partnered communitybased organizations (CBOs) in conjunction with outreach programs
of neighboring higher education institutions. Some CBOs acquired
the ability to create websites about their activities and gained
access to development-related information from the participating
higher education institutions. MSU faculty involved were David
Wiley (African Studies Center and Sociology), Mark Kornbluh
(MATRIX and History), and Dean Rehberger (MATRIX and
Writing, Rhetoric and American Culture). The esATI institutions
that participated were: University of Zululand, University of
Durban-Westville and University of Natal (Durban and
27
Pietermaritzburg) – now merged as University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban Institute of
Technology, and Mangosuthu Technikon. Each institution was paired with one or more
community-based organizations in disadvantaged communities. MSU MATRIX staff provided
training to IT professionals at the participating institutions on how to train community members
in website development to showcase their culture and development needs. External funding was
provided by the USAID’s Institutional Partnerships in Higher Education for Development
program, administered by the Association Liaison Office for University Cooperation in
Development.
4.
Social Science Research
a) John Beck, Professor, School of Labor and Industrial Relations
Beck works in South Africa in the field of labor
relations and training of labor union leaders and human
resources managers primarily at Nelson Mandela
Metropolitan University. Since 1998, Beck has been
identifying and collecting examples of South African
workers' culture, some of which were displayed in the
MSU Museum’s exhibit opening in September 2006.
(p.40). He also leads study abroad groups to NMMU
and elsewhere in South Africa.
b) Adrian Blow, Associate Professor, Department of Human Development and Family Studies
Beginning in 2012, Blow is establishing a joint program of research with
Dr. Graham Lindegger, chair of Psychology (UKZN-Pietermaritzburg)
concerning family therapy interventions targeted at HIV/AIDS, specifically
to reduce high risk sexual behaviors by youth as well as the stigma of
HIV/AIDS.
c) Michael Bratton, University Distinguished Professor, Department of Political Science,
Afrobarometer Project
Survey research in South Africa on public attitudes
toward democracy, markets, and civil society is part
of this multi-country project. At MSU, the project
Principal Investigators (PIs) are Michael Bratton and
Carolyn Logan (Political Science). In South Africa,
the research partners are IDASA (the Institute for
Democracy in South Africa) and the Democracy in
Africa Research Unit, University of Cape Town.
Ten national surveys were conducted in South Africa
from 1994 to 2012. Reports on results from these public surveys
(available on the website) cover topics such as views of democracy, HIV/ AIDS policy, support
for public leaders and political parties, and the country's most pressing problems.
28
The Afrobarometer research in 30 African countries is supported by the Swedish International
Development Agency, the Department for International Development (UK), the Canadian
International Development Agency, USAID, and the World Bank. IDASA is a research partner
on all the surveys in Southern African countries. (See www.afrobarometer.org.)
d) William Derman, Department of Anthropology, Professor Emeritus
Bill Derman has been the recipient of three research grants
to study the land restitution process in northern Limpopo
Province, water reform, and a three-nation study of the
situation of Zimbabweans (white and black) in South
Africa, Mozambique, and Zambia. In all his work he has
partnered with the Institute of Poverty, Land and Agrarian
Studies at the University of the Western Cape. In his
longitudinal research he is demonstrating that the specifics
of land reform are much more nuanced and complex than
either government or its critics contend. He is currently editing two books on the research
projects. Earlier publications include: 1) “The Making and Unmaking of Unequal Property
Relations between Men and Women: Shifting Policy Trajectories in South Africa’s Land
Restitution Process,” (co-authored by Anne Hellum) Nordic Journal of Human Rights Special
Issue on Land Restitution in Transitional Justice. Vol. 28 (2) 2010,
pp. 202-229. 2) “Strategic Questions about Strategic Partners:
Challenges and Pitfalls in South Africa’s New Model of Land
Restitution,” co-authored with Edward Lahiff and Espen Sjaastad in
Land, Memory, Reconstruction, and Justice: Perspectives on Land
Claims in South Africa edited by Cherryl Walker, Anna Bohlin,
Ruth Hall and Thembela Kepe. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press,
2010, pp. 426-449. 3) “Government, Business and Chiefs:
Ambiguities of Social Justice through Land Restitution in South
Africa,” in Rules of Law and Laws of Ruling, edited by Franz and
Keebet von Benda Beckmann and Julie Ebert. London: Ashgate,
2009, 4) In the Shadow of a Conflict: Crisis in Zimbabwe and its
Effects in Mozambique, South Africa and Zambia, edited by Bill
Derman and Randi Kaarhus, Weaver Press, 2012.
e) Robert K. Hitchcock, Professor, Department of Georgraphy
Hitchcock’s areas of
research are in
international
development, human
ecology, the rights of
indigenous peoples,
resettlement, disaster responses, and
community-based natural resource management
with anthropological and geographic fieldwork
in multiple areas in Africa, including the San of
the Kalahari Desert.
29
Recent works include: Indigenous Peoples' Rights in Southern Africa (2004), Updating the San:
Image and Reality of an African People in the Twenty-first Century (2006), Genocide of
Indigenous Peoples (2011), and The Ju/’hoan San of Nyae Nyae and Namibian Independence:
Development, Democracy, and Indigenous Voices in Southern Africa (2011), and CapacityBuilding of First People of the Kalahari, Botswana: An Evaluation (2004).
f) David Wiley, Professor, Department of Sociology and African Studies, and
Christine Root, Academic Specialist, Department of History
With South Africans Sven (Bobby) Peek, Seyathie Ramurath, and Zesuliwe
Mkhize, Wiley and Root have studied environmental movements in South Africa
since 1994 when Wiley was a Senior Fulbright Scholar and Root was a Research
Affiliate at the Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of DurbanWestville (now UKZN). Focusing on the Durban area, Wiley, Root, and Peek
have written book chapters on globalization, democratization, and the environment
in the new South Africa (social movements, corporations, and the state) in:
"The Impacts of Globalization on Environmental Struggles in a South African
City," with Christine Root and Sven Peek, chapter in Rethinking Globalization(s):
From Corporate Transnationalism to Local Interventions. by Aulakh, Preet S. and
Michael G. Schechter, editors London: Macmillan Press. (New York: St. Martin's
Press), 2000
"Globalization, Democratization, and the Environment
in the New South Africa: Social Movements, Corporations, and
the State in South Durban," with Christine Root and Sven Peek,
in Ecology and the World-System, Walter L. Goldfrank, David
Goodman, and Andrew Szasz, editors, Westport, CT:
Greenwood Press (1999)
“Organizing for the Environment in South Durban: Influences
of the Transition to Democracy and Globalization,” with
Christine Root and Sven Peek, chapter in (D)urban Vortex; A
South African City in Transition, edited by Bill Freund and
Vishnu Padayachee, Durban: University of Natal Press (2002)
Their works on waste management and environment in
Inanda (Durban) and on industrial pollution and
communities in South Durban were published in the “City of
Durban Local Agenda 21 Environment and Development
Report” (1996) and Managing Waste More Sustainably in
Inanda: A Report and Recommended Programmes, by David
Wiley, Christine E. Root, and Zesuliwe Mkhize, Durban,
South Africa: University of Durban-Westville, Institute for
Social and Economic Research (1995).
Since 2000, Root has organized the curricular
website “South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid, Building Democracy” (see
www.overcomingapartheid.msu.edu and description below) and is MSU Project Manager for the
African Activist Archive Project with more than 5,000 digital images of documents, posters,
30
button, T-shirts, etc. of the U.S. movement for African freedom in the 1950s-1990s.
(See www.africanactivist.msu.edu and www.facebook.com/African.Activist.Archive.) She also
serves on the Archives Sub-Committee of the Chicago-Midwest ANC Centenary Committee.
For 10 years in the 1970s, Root was Associate
Director of the Washington Office on Africa,
lobbying Congress on Southern Africa
sanctions issues. She then was a research
analyst at the Institute for International Policy
on imposing IMF sanctions on South Africa.
During that period, she authored many articles
for Southern Africa magazine.
In 2002, Wiley was a Senior Fulbright Fellow
to the universities of the eastern seaboard
Association of Tertiary Institutions (esATI) in
KwaZulu-Natal as PI of a Partnership Project on Internet Outreach to Disadvantaged
Communities in KwaZulu-Natal. In 1998-2000, he served as a member of the Higher Education
Forum of the U.S./South Africa Binational Commission and, in 2000-2002, as a panel member of
the U.S. Fulbright-Hays IIE Fellowship Screening Committee for South African Awards. He
also was the leader for the MSU-South African Film and Video Project for preserving aging film
of the liberation struggle. See one product of this project in the Community Video Education
Trust Archive, streaming 90 hours of videos of the struggles against apartheid in the 1980s in
Cape Town by community videographers at www.cvet.org.za.
5. Agriculture and Development
a) MSU Partnerships for Food Industry Development-Fruits and Vegetables (PFID)
PFID was officially launched January 2002, was funded by USAID, and has
been assisting small-scale farmers to sell fresh vegetables to Pick’n Pay,
South Africa’s leading supermarket chain since April 2003. This program,
led by Dave Weatherspoon, Ph.D. of the Agricultural Economics Dept., has
demonstrated the effectiveness of a market-led strategy on promoting
agriculture diversification that has dramatically improved income for smallscale farmers in the Alice region of South Africa. Moreover, this successful
initiative was the result of a
partnering collaboration: USAID,
PFID, the University of Fort Hare,
Agricultural Rural Development Research Institute,
and Pick ‘n Pay Supermarket chain and their preferred
input suppliers (i.e. Stark Ayres seed co., Umtiza
fertilizers and chemicals, and etc), Zanyokwe
Agricultural Development Trust (formerly the
Zanyokwe Irrigation Scheme), and the government
extension service. These organizations worked as an
integrated team to enhance the capacity of small-scale
31
farmers to meet the specifications of supermarket chains and other retail outlets in terms of
quality, quantity, consistency and timely delivery. Prior to this progressive project, small-scale
farmers in the Nkonkonbe municipal area of the Eastern Cape sold most of their fresh produce to
the informal market (hawkers) and a considerable portion of their crops rotted in the fields due
to saturated local markets. To date, small farmers from this region continue to supply Pick ‘n
Pay and other supermarket chains with fresh produce.
b) Agricultural Biotechnology Support Project (ABSP) /Bt Potato Project
The Agricultural Biotechnology Support Project (ABSP I) was a USAIDfunded project that integrated crop-specific research and policy
development to create the enabling environment for the adoption of
biotechnology derived crops in developing countries in Africa and Asia.
From 1991-2003, MSU's Institute of International Agriculture managed
ABSP I, with Johan Brink as Director during the period 2001 to 2003.
(Brink was formerly at the Agricultural Research Council in Pretoria.) In
South Africa, the ABSP project has collaborated on field testing genetically
modified (GM) potatoes resistant to the potato tuber moth with one of the
institutes of the Agricultural Research Council (ARC), the Roodeplaat Vegetable and
Ornamental Plant Institute (VOPI). The tuber moth resistant potatoes was developed by MSU’s
David Douches (Crop and Soil Sciences). At the same time, ABSP also managed the Southern
Africa Regional Biosafety Program (SARB), a regional biosafety capacity building program
aimed at facilitating biotechnology regulation in seven SADC countries, including South Africa.
Since 2003, the Institute of International Agriculture has been responsible for managing the Bt
Potato project in South Africa. With additional USAID funding, the project team with Johan
Brink as Director, developed a roadmap for the commercialization of the potato tuber moth
(PTM) GM product, which is resistant to the most serious insect pest of potatoes worldwide. The
Bt Potato project is a unique multi-disciplinary collaboration between public sector institutions
(MSU and partners) in the US and in South Africa (the ARC). The project included full product
development of the transgenic line SpuntaG2, multi-location field
trials undertaken in six regions of South Africa, the collection of
environmental and food safety data and the compilation of a
Regulatory dossier for the product, socio-economic assessments
undertaken in the commercial and small farmer potato sector, and
extensive communication and outreach efforts focused on all
stakeholders in South Africa. An application for general release
of the SpuntaG2 product was submitted to the GM authorities in
South Africa during July 2008.
MSU faculty involved in these projects include: Johan Brink and Karim Maredia (Institute of
International Agriculture), David Douches (Crop and Soil Science), and Walter Pett
(Entomology).
32
6. Outreach to educators about South Africa
a) LATTICE Teacher Professional Development Program
LATTICE (Linking all Types of Teachers in International and Cross-Cultural Education) is an
award-winning professional development model to increase international knowledge of teachers
and the quality of international education in the
classroom. Co-directed for several years by John
Metzler, Outreach Coordinator of the ASC, this
partnership between MSU and 11 U.S. local school
districts has had 375 members and friends from more than
50 countries. In addition to the half-day monthly
meetings of international graduate students and local
educators, LATTICE members link with teachers and
students in other countries.
LATTICE members have created the following links
with South Africa:
• Seven South African graduate students have
participated in LATTICE sessions;
• Two Zulu basket weavers visited Michigan for
three weeks to visit schools; KwaHlabisa artists' baskets were exhibited in Newago County
Council for the Arts, Fremont, Michigan; and school fees for 100 children have been paid from
the sale of these baskets;
• Six South African educators were hosted by LATTICE;
• Nine Empangeni/Richards Bay students, aged 9 to 15, were hosted in Michigan for three
weeks;
• Fourteen LATTICE member teachers traveled to South Africa on a Fulbright Hays Study
Abroad tour;
• Linking Schools, a non-profit
organization established by a LATTICE
member, linked Dover Farm School in
Empangeni and East Lansing High School
in East Lansing via computers and the
Internet, and facilitated a teacher
exchange program for both schools;
• Two LATTICE members were the
supervising teachers on the MSU preinternship teaching study abroad program
in Empangeni/Richards Bay.
b) Business Education about Africa for U.S. Historically Black Colleges and Universities
This national program was a collaboration of the MSU African Studies Center
with the Centers for International Business Education and Research of MSU and
Memphis State University, in cooperation with the Institute for International
Public Policy in Washington and a consortium of other CIBERS in U.S.
universities. In 2005 and 2006, faculty of business and commerce departments of
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) participated in MSU-
33
organized workshops on teaching about contemporary Africa and commerce and business in
Southern Africa and a study tour in South Africa and Botswana in order to improve teaching
about and linkages with the business communities of those two countries. Dr. John Metzler,
African Studies and Education, deveoped and headed the project in cooperation with the business
faculties at Universities of KwaZulu-Natal, of the Western Cape, Stellenbosch, Cape Town, and
the University of Botswana.
E. MSU Resources for teaching and learning about South Africa
1. Public websites
a) South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid, Building Democracy: An Online Curriculum
Resource for Schools and Colleges
This online curriculum resource for high school and undergraduate students about the struggle
for freedom and democracy in South Africa includes video interviews with 45 South Africans
and 140 short segments from these interviews grouped by topic with other multimedia materials.
This curriculum resource includes original chronological and thematic essays as well as
educational activities, maps, and other resources for use by educators. This resource has been
widely used by educators in at least 85 middle and high schools and 55 colleges and universities
in 31 states in the United States plus 11 other countries. The unique collection of interviews is
used by a wider audience, as well. The project is a collaboration between MATRIX, the African
Studies Center, coordinated by Christine Root, and two MSU historians of South Afric,
Professors Peter Alegi and Peter Limb. A number of South African scholars, South African
History Online, and the South African National Library in Cape Town also have partnered on the
project, which was funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities. (See:
http://www.overcomingapartheid.msu.edu.)
c) African Activist Archive Project
This project has created an online archive of historical
documents, photographs, buttons, posters, T-shirts, and
audios and videos recordings of the U.S. movement in
solidarity with struggles for freedom and justice in Africa
from the mid-1950s to mid-1990s, with a major focus on
Southern Africa. As of October 2012, the website contains
ca. 5,800 digital items created by more than 300 U.S.
organizations in 36 states plus the District of Columbia,
including written and recorded memories of activists. The
project has cooperated with more than 75 former activists
and has helped many of them deposit their collections in libraries or archives, including several
34
dozen collections that are being donated to the Michigan State University Libraries Special
Collections. Now, 45 websites from U.S. universities link to the resource and prominent South
African historical documentation sites including South African History Archive, Nelson Mandela
Foundation, South African History Online, Digital Imaging South Africa, and South African
Democracy Education Trust. This is a project of the African Studies Center and MATRIX with
Richard Knight, Project Director (a long-time staff member of the American Committee on
Africa) and Christine Root, MSU Project Coordinator. This project has been funded by several
small foundations, religious and union organizations, the Ford Foundation, and many individual
activists. (See: http://www.africanactivist.msu.edu
and a Facebook page at: http://www.facebook.com/African.Activist.Archive.)
d) South Africa Film and Video Project (SAFVP)
This project was created to increase the preservation and
educational uses for educational institutions around the world of
film and video resources in South Africa. It was a priority
because many video and film materials of the 1960s-1980s are
deteriorating rapidly. The SAFVP consisted of three major sub-projects, all supported by the
U.S. Department of Education Technological Innovation and Cooperation for Foreign
Information Access (TICFIA) Program as well as by the MSU African Studies Center,
Department of History, MSU African Libraries, and MATRIX.
1. The African National Congress Film Archive holds approximately
10,000 units of video and film concerning the activities in exile of the
ANC, South African Communist Party (SACP), and South African
Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU), with videos and films from
Zambia, Angola, Lesotho, Botswana, Uganda, and Tanzania
(especially the Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College at Mazimbu).
The South African Film and Video Project has provided equipment
and staff training to the ANC Film Archive to digitize and preserve the videos from exile,
and digitizing is underway. The agreement provides for exchange of these digitized copies
with MSU for educational uses in the MSU Library.
2. Community Video Education Trust (CVET) (See: www.cvet.org.za/)
MSU assisted CVET in
creating this website and its
more than 90 hours of
streaming of footage of 215
videos taken by community
activists in Cape Town that
provides a public record of political activities during the period of peek resistance to
apartheid in the late 1980s and into the early 1990s. The raw footage documents antiapartheid demonstrations, speeches, mass funerals, celebrations, and interviews with
activists. MATRIX and the African Studies Program participated in this program to preserve
and provide public access to important primary materials about the anti-apartheid struggle.
This site was funded by the U.S. Department of Education, as part of the South African
Film and Video Project.
35
3. African Media Program Database (AMP). With assistance of
several South African partners - including Prof. Keyan Tomaselli at
Culture, Communication and Media Studies at the University of
Kwazulu-Natal, SAFVP has collected information about many
video and film productions about South Africa. The project has
built a database of more than 16,000 films and videos, including
more than 2,800 concerning South Africa and more than 1,300
concerning other Southern African countries. In addition to basic
information about the film or video, some records contain detailed information about the
production, synopses of content, recommended audiences, reviews, critiques, and sources
for rental or purchase. The database has been regularly updated to 2010 as new information
became available.
2. Michigan State University Museum resources about South Africa
The Michigan State University Museum has one of the largest collections
of contemporary South African material culture in the United States. It
has a particularly strong and growing collection of beadwork, clothing
and decorative textiles, and other work that demonstrates the state of
post-apartheid arts and crafts production. The collection also includes
worker’s culture, reflections on human rights, economic development,
education, and health issues. MSU Museum professional curatorial staff
members Kurt D ewhurst, Marsha MacDowell, Lynne Swanson, Yvonne Lockwood (now
retired), Mary Worrall, and adjunct curator John Beck have led the development of these
growing collections and have curated or served as consultants to U.S. and South Africa-based
exhibitions on South African topics; some of the exhibitions have toured to venues around the
U.S. and South Africa, and South African performing artists also have been showcased in the
MSU Museum’s annual Great Lakes Folk Festival.
Pumeza Mandela, manager of education, programs, material development and outreach at the
Nelson Mandela Museum in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, was a visiting scholar at the
MSU Museum as part of an ongoing partnership with the Nelson Mandela Museum. Mandela, a
great niece of civil rights leader Nelson Mandela, came to MSU as part of a residency to enhance
museum education in South Africa.
a) Dear Mr. Mandela, Dear Ms. Parks: Children's Letters,
Global Lessons Exhibit
The Michigan State University Museum and the Nelson
Mandela Museum opened this exhibit on Nelson Mandela's 90th
birthday in July 2008 at the Nelson Mandela Museum's site in
Qunu, South Africa. Children's letters to these two leaders raise
awareness of the parallels between the struggles for racial
justice in the United States and South Africa. The exhibit
opened in the United States at the MSU Museum in January
2011. The exhibit was funded by one of four22 Museum and
Community Collaborations Abroad grants awarded by the American Association of Museums
36
and the U.S. Department of State Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Inspiration for the
exhibit came from Gregory J. Reed, Rosa Parks' personal attorney and co- author the awardwinning book, Dear Mrs. Parks: A Dialogue with Today's Youth. In early 2007, Gregory Reed
announced a planned gift to the Michigan State University Museum of a collection of letters
children wrote to Parks. A similar collection of children's letters to Nelson Mandela is held by
the Nelson Mandela Museum. (See: http://news.msu.edu/story/5612/&multi_media=2)
The two museums have used the letters to Mrs. Parks and President
Mandela to raise awareness of the deep parallels between the
struggles for racial justice in the United States and South Africa.
The partners will create an online gallery of the letters targeted at
school-age children and a CD-ROM of music from each nation to
accompany the exhibition. Schoolchildren will be encouraged to
write letters to their own heroes who embody the values of Mandela
and Parks. There are two versions of the exhibition are continuing
to tour in South Africa and the U.S. The South African exhibition
has been featured at the Albany Museum at Rhodes University
(2011), the Grahamstown National Art Festival (2011), and
Constitution Hill, Johannesburg (2012).
b) Other South African Arts and Culture Exhibits Working in collaboration with South
African traditional artisans and regional, community-based heritage workers and educators, the
Michigan State University Museum and the Smithsonian Institution’s Center for Folklife and
Cultural Heritage initiated a heritage training, documentation, and interpretation project that
grew out of the 1999 Smithsonian Festival Program Crafting the Economic Renaissance of the
Rainbow Nation and the MSU South African National Cultural Heritage Training and
Technology Program (see item C.1, below). The initiative involves Kurt Dewhurst, Marsha
MacDowell, Lynne Swanson, and Yvonne Lockwood from the MSU Museum staff. Participants
in various components of the project have included staff of the Durban Museums, Durban
Institute of Technology (not Durban University of Technology), IZIKO: Museums of Cape Town,
University of KwaZulu-Natal, DACST, Museum Africa, Durban Art Gallery, and Johannesburg
Art Gallery. Funding has been received from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Ford
Foundation, Smithsonian Institution, and the National Endowment for the Arts.
Siyazama: Traditional Arts, Education, and AIDS in South Africa is an
arts-based intervention in the struggle against AIDS in South Africa. The
Siyazama (Zulu for "we are trying") Project uses traditional and
contemporary artistic expression to document the realities of HIV/AIDS
and to open lines of communication about the virus. Faculty from the
Durban Institute of Technology and University of KwaZulu-Natal engaged
with a group of women to create more than 200 beaded artifacts depicting
their experiences with AIDS. A portion of the collection has been
purchased and displayed by the Michigan State University Museum; in
2007, this exhibit has become a traveling exhibit available throughout the
United States. (See: www.sanch.org/learning/siyazama.html and
www.museum.msu.edu/Exhibitions/Current/siyazama.html). A book
entitled, Siyazama: Art, AIDS, and Education in South Africa, University
37
of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2012 was authored by Kate Wells (Durban University of Technology),
Marit Dewhurst (City College of New York/CCNY), Marsha MacDowell (MSU Museum and
Art and Art History), and C. Kurt Dewhurst (MSU Museum and English).
Workers Culture in Two Nations: South Africa and the United States
Shown at the MSU Museum in 2006 – 2007, this exhibit was curated by John
Beck (School of Human Resources and Labor Relations [SHRLR]) and Yvonne
Lockwood (MSU Museum) explored the culture
of23 workers in the United States (primarily
Michigan) and South Africa in four occupational
groups– autoworkers, miners, farm workers, and
domestics – that have played important roles in the labor history and
workers culture of both nations. The exhibit featured worker art and
writing, work clothes and tools, union posters and buttons, and other
artifacts and related information. A South African version of this
exhibition opened in 2011 at the Red Location Museum in Port
Elizabeth. The exhibit was a part of "Our Daily Work, Our Daily
Lives," a joint program of the Labor Education Program of SHRLR
and the MSU Museum.
South African Exhibits in MSU Museum's Traveling Exhibition Program: Images of Human
Rights: South African Prints
This traveling exhibit features 29 fine art prints created by artists
representing South Africa’s nine provinces and hand-printed by
master printmaker Jan Jordaan. It was released in 1996 by the
Images of Human Rights Portfolio Committee to commemorate the
South African constitution’s Bill of Rights. (See:
http://museum.msu.edu/museum/tes/images.htm). International
Portfolio of Human Rights Print, created by the Artists for Human
Rights Trust in Durban, features the work of artists from countries
around the world where human rights have been especially
challenged or absent. The accompanying catalogue contains an
essay by Marsha MacDowell. Both portfolios are circulated by the
MSU Museum to exhibition venues in North America.
"Ahmed 'Kathy' Kathrada: A South African Activist for Non-Racialism and Democracy”
This new touring exhibit was developed by the MSU Museum in 2011 and has
toured to the University of Kentucky, University of Massachusetts, and other
sites. Kathrada, Mandela's prison mate, confidante, parliamentary counselor,
and friend, was a renowned advocate for freedom. "The exhibit traces Kathrada's
roots, and his role in revolutionary struggle and social transformation," said C.
Kurt Dewhurst, MSU Museum curator of folklife and cultural heritage and one
of the exhibit's organizers. "One of the more moving and dramatic elements of
the exhibit is a replica of Kathy's jail cell, from the Robben Island prison.
38
Visitors are able to experience the tiny cell and see the few personal items Kathy was allowed for
more than 20 years of imprisonment." A similar exhibit was featured at the Hector Pieterson
Museum in Soweto and other sites in SA. Both Dewhurst and MSU Museum Curator of Folk
Arts Marsha MacDowell have curated the U.S. touring version of the exhibit. Dewhurst is
participating as a consultant in plans to construct a new Ahmed Kathrada Center Museum in
Kathrada’s honor in Lenasia (Johannesburg) in 2014.
3. MSU Libraries Resources about South Africa
The MSU Libraries have one of the largest
collections on South Africa in the United States,
and which is growing across all relevant areas of
scholarly research and in all formats (books,
journals, special collections, audio-visual material,
microform, archives, and electronic resources).
MSU initiated the first U.S. consortium to acquire
SABINET e-journals from South Africa. The
Library is rapidly building a major collection of
archives about South Africa, particularly in the African Activist Archives about anti-apartheid
activism in the United States Archive Project in the MSU Libraries Special Collections. This
includes, for example, a) the valuable Mary-Louise Hooper Papers containing original
correspondence with Albert Luthuli and other ANC leaders, b) a collection donated by
filmmaker Connie Field containing transcriptions of the interviews conducted for the film series
Have You Heard from Johannesburg?, c) film development materials and outtakes for Sharon
Sopher’s Witness to Apartheid film, d) personal papers of George Houser, the
founding Executive Director of the American Committee on Africa, e) papers
of Carole Collins with materials from many national and Chicago-based
campaigns, particularly bank campaigns, and f) collections from 245 antiapartheid organizations across the nation, such as the Boston Coalition for the
Liberation of Southern Africa, the Southern Africa Liberation Committee in
East Lansing, the Africa Fund, Washington Office on Africa, American
Committee on Africa, and TransAfrica. (See www.africanactivist.msu.edu.)
These rich library resources support undergraduate and graduate teaching and research on South
Africa to the highest level across widely different disciplines and attract an increasing number of
researchers. The Digital/Media section of the Library has a collection of more than 380 videos
and films about South Africa. (See:
http://catalog.lib.msu.edu/search~S39/X?SEARCH=%28%22South%20Africa%22%29&searchs
cope=39&SORT=D&b=dm) The African e-Journal Project, a project of the MSU Libraries and
the African Studies Center and funded by the U.S. Department of Education’s TICFIA
Technology Program, has digitized and placed online full-text archives of 11 African journals,
including Transformation and Critical Arts from Durban. (See
http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/index.cfm.) Dr. Peter Limb, the Africana
Bibliographer, has extensive experience in South Africa and has written numerous books about
the history of the African National Congress and the labor movement (see above).
39
F. Graduate Study about South Africa at MSU
During the past 30 years, MSU has trained more than 30 South
Africans and 25 U.S. graduate students who have conducted
research about South Africa, completing either a Ph.D. or a
terminal Master's Degree. (See Appendix B: Dissertations and
Terminal Masters Degrees about South Africa by Michigan
State University Graduate Students, 1961-2010.) The largest
number of the dissertations were completed in Education,
particularly Teacher Education and Educational
Administration. Other students have completed dissertations in sociology and history, several of
whom won prestigious national dissertation fellowships from Fulbright, Fulbright-Hays, Social
Science Research Council, National Science Foundation, and NASA.
To support South African graduate students studying at MSU, the MSU Foundation established
the Nelson Mandela Postgraduate Tuition Remission Fellowship program that provides tuition
remission for one or two South African graduate students each year, especially for those from
institutions with which MSU has current or developing partnerships. There have been
approximately 20 South African postgraduate students at MSU, including from the Universities
of Fort Hare, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo (formerly U. of the North), North-West, Walter Sisulu
University (formerly Transkei), Venda, and Western Cape.Additional funding has been provided
by MSU colleges and departments in the form of research and teaching assistantships and
fellowships.
Among many other South African organizations, MSU's South African alumni have held
positions in:
•
•
•
•
The Denel Corporation, Human Sciences Research
Council (HSRC), and the Council for Scientific and
Industrial Research (CSIR);
South African government departments, including the Department of Arts and Culture,
Department of Foreign Affairs, Department of Social Development, Development Bank of
South Africa, and the Mpumalanga Province Department of Education;
Higher education institutions, including University of Pretoria (in Education and Agricultural
Economics), North-West University (in English); University of KwaZulu-Natal (a
Zimbabwean national in Agricultural Economics
Department), and Mangosuthu Technikon (in
administration);
Non-government organizations, including the Women's
Development Foundation and Ifa Lethu Foundation.
G. Study Abroad in South Africa
MSU has offered 32 university study abroad programs in Africa, more than any U.S. university.
Twelve of these are in South Africa, and most are open to students from other institutions. The
MSU colleges that offer these programs are: Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arts and
40
Letters, Communication Arts and Sciences, Education, James Madison College, Social Science
and the Office of the Provost. Individual programs include:
1. University of KwaZulu-Natal
This one-semester or full academic year program is made
available through the MSU Colleges of Arts and Letters,
Education, Agriculture and Natural Resources, and Social
Science and the African Studies Center. Students directly enroll
in a multitude of courses. In addition to formal classes, students
are encouraged to become involved with a variety of communitybased organizations such as those that deal with children, youth,
women, health issues and development. (See:
https://osa.isp.msu.edu/Programs/program/index/104610)
2. Food, Agriculture and Natural Resource Systems in South Africa and Swaziland
In this three-week summer program, students study agriculture production and policy. Students
will be exposed to economic development, rural sociology, and environmental issues as they
relate to agricultural development. This three-week program is offered by the Department of
Animal Science of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources and has been offered
annually since 2002. (See: https://osa.isp.msu.edu/Programs/program/index/104285)
3. Conservation and Biodiversity in South African Parks and Nature Reserves
Offered by the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife in the College of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, this program exposes students to various South African ecosystems and broadens
students' scope of management by taking into account the impacts that land-based activities and
international policies have on the natural communities in these ecosystems. This four-week
program was offered first in 2005. (See: https://osa.isp.msu.edu/Programs/program/index/104427)
4. Cross-Cultural Teaching Abroad: South Africa
This summer program is offered by the MSU College of Education for
teacher interns (post-BA, pre-service teachers) to gain experience in
classrooms outside of Cape Town under the supervision of South African
teachers. The five-week program was first offered in 2002, and, for the
first 5 years, it was conducted in townships outside of Richards Bay and
rural Nkandla District, KZN. (See:
https://osa.isp.msu.edu/Programs/program/index/104438)
5. Education, Society and Learning in South Africa
From 2002 to 2012, the College of Education and African
Studies Center have offered this five-week program that focuses
on the role of education in contemporary South Africa. This
program l explores the relationship between formal education
and society in South Africa, as well as in the larger context of
the southern African region. Focus is on issues of human
diversity, inequality, and social institutions (the role of the state
41
and non-governmental agencies, civil society, and the private sector in economic and social
institutions, most importantly schools). In summer 2003, with the cooperation of Council for
Opportunities in Education (COE), it was open to TRIO students from other U.S. institutions
(who are low income or first-generation college students). (See:
https://osa.isp.msu.edu/Programs/program/index/104599 )
6. Expressive Arts, Cultural Heritage and Museum Studies in South Africa
Begun in 2006, the Department of Art and Art History in
the College of Arts and Letters, the Colleges of
Agriculture and Natural Resources and Social Science,
and the Michigan State University Museum have
developed this seven-week summer program. Participants
are introduced directly to the historical and contemporary
arts and cultural heritage of South Africa with three
weeks of instruction followed by a four week internship
in a Cape Town museum or cultural heritage
organization. (See: https://osa.isp.msu.edu/Programs/
program/index/104428)
7. Race Relations in South Africa
Sponsored jointly by the Colleges of Social Science and Arts and Letters, this program offers an
intensive study of South African race relations through history and contemporary social
problems. The program was first offered in 2002. Through the years,
along with the Multi-Racial Unity Living Experience (MRULE)
program it has developed a long-standing partnership with
Vumundzuku-bya-Vana (Our Children’s Future) a youth center
outside Johannesburg.
(See: https://osa.isp.msu.edu/Programs/program/index/104604)
8. Freshman Seminar Abroad in South Africa
Each fall since 2006, groups of incoming MSU students have a twoweek experience to study topics that vary from year to year such as
Environmental Justice in South Africa and Women's Activism in
Achieving Equality. This program is designed exclusively for firstyear students who spend their time in small group thematic “tracks”
studying an area of interest to them and participating in field
experiences that link the learning from class discussions and
readings to the program's location. (See
https://osa.isp.msu.edu/Programs/program/index/104921)
9. Labor Relations in South Africa
This summer course which began in 2006 is an outgrowth of a
team teaching relationship between John Beck and Mark Anstey,
the head of the Industrial Relations unit at Nelson Mandela
Metropolitan University (NMMU) in Port Elizabeth. Since 1998,
they have team taught a labor relations and change management
42
module in the NMMU Masters program on "The Transformation of Work;" which draws
students from South Africa and from across many SADC countries (Botswana, Kenya and
Malawi). Starting in 2006, MSU labor relations students have participated in classes with
NMMU students, toured Port Elizabeth workplaces, and interacted with management and labor
leaders. (See https://osa.isp.msu.edu/Programs/program/index/104440)
10. Field Experience in Higher Education in South Africa
This program provides doctoral and master’s students
in the Higher, Adult, and Lifelong Education Program
(HALE) with a two week professional hands-on
experience working with colleagues at Nelson Mandela
Metropolitan University (NMMU), as well as an
opportunity to visit Cape Town and to engage in
cultural learning in South Africa. HALE teams have
travelled to NMMU in 2008, 2009, and 2011. A
primary goal is mutual learning. HALE students and
faculty learn about higher education in South Africa,
how to engage in organizational and cultural analysis,
and how to relate specific theoretical and content
knowledge to actual issues and problems. At the same
time, the South African colleagues gain new
perspectives on issues they are addressing and
participate in professional development workshops facilitated by MSU student/ faculty teams.
Leaders at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University report that the collaborative work has
contributed to the development of new policies and practices at the institution pertaining to
faculty work and student life.
11. Internships in Cape Town
Offered for the first time in 2009, this program is sponsored by the Colleges of Arts and Letters,
Communication Arts and Sciences, and Social Science, and the James Madison College. This
program is designed to engage students in a variety of internship opportunities that reflect their
career interests, and provide an academic component to reflect upon their professional
development. (See https://osa.isp.msu.edu/Programs/program/index/104602)
12. Research and Action in the New South Africa
This program provides a unique international, service-learning, and research-intensive course
experience. Students are immersed in real life contexts where they directly examine, explore and
engage the ‘African World View’ in practice. Undergraduate students conduct field research and
work with English teachers in rural community schools in Mafikeng. Graduate students intern
with higher educational partnerships in Pretoria, Mafikeng or Soweto where they work with
communities and institutions whose primary focus is to contribute to important economic
development and social justice policy.
(See https://osa.isp.msu.edu/Programs/program/index/104674)
43
Appendix A
South African Institutions with which MSU has Collaborated, 1996-2010
Since the transition to democracy in South Africa in the mid-1990s, MSU faculty has undertaken
collaborative activities with colleagues at the following South African institutions:
Universities and Technikons
• University of Cape Town
• University of Durban-Westville [now part of University of KwaZulu-Natal]
• University of Fort Hare
• University of Natal - Durban [now part of University of KwaZulu-Natal]
• University of Natal - Pietermaritzburg [now part of University of KwaZulu-Natal]
• University of Limpopo [formerly University of the North and MEDUNSA]
• North-West University (formerly the University of Bophuthatswana and Potchefstroom
University for Christian Higher Education and the University of North-West (formerly
• University of Port Elizabeth [now part of Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University]
• University of Pretoria
• University of the Transkei [now part of Walter Sisulu University]
• University of the Western Cape
• University of Zululand
• University of Witwatersrand
• M.L. Sultan and Natal Technikons (now Durban University of Technology)
• Mangosuthu Technikon
• Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (formerly University of Port Elizabeth and
the College for Advanced Technical Education)
• Technikon Pretoria
Other Consortia and Institutions
• eastern seaboard Association of Tertiary Institutions (esATI)
• Historically Disadvantaged Institutions Forum (HDI Forum)
• International Education Association of South Africa (IEASA)
• African National Congress Archives (ANC)
• Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA)
• Johannesburg Art Gallery
• Luthuli Museum
• National Archives of South Africa, a unit of the South African Department of Arts, Culture,
Science and Technology (DACST)
• Nelson Mandela Museum and South African Museums Association
• South African Department of Education
• University of Ft. Hare Centre for Cultural Heritage Studies
• South African History Archive (SAHA) and South African History Online (SAHO)
• South African Universities Vice Chancellors Association (SAUVCA)
• South African Committee of Technikon Principals (SACTP)
• UWC-Robben Island Museum/Mayibuye Center (RIM)
These collaborations with South African colleagues have engaged MSU faculty from many colleges
including: Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arts and Letters, Engineering, Education, Social Sciences,
and other units including the African Studies Center, Michigan State University Museum, and MATRIX.
44
Appendix B
Ph.D. Dissertations and Terminal Masters Degrees about South Africa by
Michigan State University Graduate Students, 1961-2010
(includes dissertation authors from the U.S., South Africa, and all other countries)
Department
Name
Degree
Year
Dissertation or Thesis of Terminal Master’s
Degree
Webster,
Nichole Sheree
PhD
2002
Smallholder Farmers' Perceptions of the Northern
Province's Extension Service: Case Studies in Two
Villages in the Northern Province of South Africa
Corzine,
Michelle N.
M.S.
2009
Mukumbi,
Kudzai
M.S.
2008
Agricultural Economics
Bopape, Lesiba
Elias
PhD
2006
Agricultural Economics
M.S.
2002
PhD
1997
Agricultural Economics
NdibongoTraub, Lulama
Nosantso
Machethe,
Charles
Lepepeule
Sibisi, M. Luther
An analysis of import tariff escalation: a case of
maize trade between South Africa and
Mozambique
South Africa's agriculture broad based black
economic empowerment (AgriBEE) policy:
implications from a domestic content model
The influence of demand model selection on
household welfare estimates: an application to
South African food expenditures
The Effect of Market Liberalization on Maize
Milling / Retail Margins in South Africa
M.S.
1993
Agricultural Economics
Aling, James N.
M.S.
1991
Resource Development
Solomon, Ayele
M.S.
2000
English
Basuli, Deb
PhD
2007
English
Makalela,
Leketi
Thiba,
Tumelontle
Mildred
PhD
2005
PhD
2000
Agriculture and National Resources
Agriculture and Natural
Resources Education and
Communication Systems
Agriculture, Food and
Resource Economics
Agricultural Economics
Agricultural Economics
Arts and Letters
English
Determinants of Credit Constraints on Micro and
Small Enterprises in the Northern Province of South
Africa
African Capacity Building Experience, 1950s-1990s:
Lessons for South Africa
Institutional Reform in the Commercial Agricultural
Sector of South Africa; An Institutional Review of
Past and Present Structures, and an Assessment of
Issues and Options for Private-Based Reform
Initiatives (Plan B Paper)
A Climate-Dependent Comparative Productivity
Study of Communal and Commercial Livestock
Farming Systems in Namaqualand, South Africa
Women and militancy: narratives from Guatemala,
India, and South Africa
Language Harmonization in South Africa; Practices
and Attitudes of University Students
The Language, Attitudes, and Practices of High
School Learners, Teachers, and Parents in the
Mafikeng and Vryburg Districts of the North West
Province, South Africa
45
English
Phaswana,
Nkhelebeni E.
PhD
2000
Languages of use by the South African national
government
Pomeranntz,
Neila E.
M.A.
1976
The Panax Corporation : A Current History
Mateme,
Hunadi
Euphemia
M.S.
1985
A Comparative Study of Content and Instruction of
Basic Pharmacology at Medical Schools in the
Republic of South Africa and the State of Michigan
Administration and
Higher Education
Beka, Jeffrey
Mkhudlwana
PhD
1983
Administration and
Higher Education
Chuenyane,
Zacharia
PhD
1981
Adult and Continuing
Education
Zitha, Elias
Velaphi
M.A.
1991
Counseling, Personnel
Services and Educational
Psychology
Smith, Winfred
Joseph
PhD
1975
A Multivariate Analysis of Variance of the Effect of
Selected Factors on the Effectiveness of Leadership
Styles of Teaching Staff in South African
Universities
Needs Assessment Survey of Black Secondary
School Students in Selected Secondary School in
the Transvaal Province of the Republic of South
Africa
A Study of the Role of American Institutions of
Higher Education in Community Education and its
Relevance to South Africa
A Guttman facet analysis of racial attitudes in
Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, and the United States
Curriculum, Teaching
and Educational Policy
Muofhe, Lillian
Tendani
PhD
2001
Education
Norton, Francis
Verity
M.A.
1979
Educational
Administration
Lunceford,
Christina Joann
PhD
2006
Educational
Administration
Lalendle,
Luvuyo
PhD
2003
Educational
Administration
Buthelezi,
Canaan Jabulani
PhD
2000
Educational
Administration
Phendla,
Thidziambi
PhD
2000
Educational
Administration and
Higher Education
Roy, Pamela
PhD
2013
(tent.)
Communication Arts and Sciences
Journalism
Human Medicine
Pharmacology and
Toxicology
Education
Transforming Preservice Teacher Education: The
Influence of Beliefs, Experiences and Structures on
Teacher Educators' Practice in a Northern Province
of South Africa
An Overview of Industrial Education Curriculum at
Technical Colleges in South Africa with Proposals
For Man Power Development Through Course
Offerings
Restructuring student affairs in higher education :
understanding the role of students in
organizational change
The Meaning, Construction, and Practice of
Leadership at Higher Education Institutions in
South Africa
A Critical Analysis on Bantu school Boards, 19541978: Local Administration of Black Education in
South Africa
"Musadzi u fara lufhanga nga hu fhiraho": Black
Women Elementary School Leaders Creating
Socially Just and Equitable Environments in South
Africa
Mapping the Career Development of South African
Academics Who Are Women of Color at ResearchOriented Universities in South Africa
46
Educational
Administration
Mashinini,
Mkhize Timothy
PhD
1997
Kinesiology
Naidoo,
Reshma Babra
PhD
1999
Rehabilitation Counselor
Education
Louw, Julia S.
PhD
2010
Teacher Education
Gierdien,
Mohammad
Faaiz
Jita, Loyiso C.
PhD
2001
PhD
1999
Teacher Education
Nduna-Watson,
Noelette
Nonhlanhla
PhD
1994
Teacher Education
Gabashane,
Isabel Teresa
M.
PhD
1987
The Perceptions of Heads of Departments in South
African Black Secondary Schools Concerning
Desired Leadership Behaviors and Needs for
Inservice Education in Leadership Competencies:
An Exploration Study
Teacher Education
Mateme, Mabu
Isaac
PhD
1985
Perceptions of Teachers, Principals, Subject
Advisors and Inspectors in a Department of
Education in the Republic of South Africa
Concerning Selected Teaching Competency Skills as
In-Service Needs of Black Secondary School
Teachers
Anthropology
Laclave, Martha
Mary
PhD
2005
Criminal Justice
Ndibongo,
Manelisi H.
M.A.
1991
Economics
Scholtz, Andries
Petrus
PhD
1961
Family and Child Ecology
Goduka, Ivy
Nomalungelo
McCusker,
Brent
Krabacher,
Thomas
Shedd, Steven
Abell
PhD
1987
PhD
2001
M.A.
1976
M.A.
1972
From Corporeal Bantustans to Akakhubazekile:
Disability and Identity in South Africa from a
Human Rights Perspective
The Case of Black Police/ Black Community: A
Proposal for an Interim Mechanism and the
Development of Decentralized Democratic Control
of Local Police
A Comparative Analysis of Corn Problems and
Programs in the United States and the Union of
South Africa
Behavioral Development of Black South African
Children: And Ecological Approach
Livelihoods and Land Use Change in Rural South
Africa: The Unfinished Transformation
Food Production in the South Africa Marine
Fisheries
Socioeconomic Status of Urban Coloured and Asian
Communities in the Republic of South Africa
Teacher Education
Social Sciences
Geography
Geography
Geography
The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in
Helping African Students Gain Access to Tertiary
Education in South Africa
The Effects of Socioeconomic Status, Ethnicity, and
Nutritional Status on the Growth and Physical
Fitness of 10 Year Old South African Boys
Teachers' and child care providers' views of
sexuality, HIV and AIDS education in working with
learners with disabilities in special needs schools in
South Africa
A Comparative Study of the Rhetoric of
Policymakers and Mathematics Teachers in the
Western Cape, South Africa
Transformative Practices in Secondary School
Science Classrooms: Life Histories of Black South
African Teachers
Contextual Factors and Constraints that Influence
Black Teachers in South Africa when Implementing
the Curriculum: A Case of Geography Teachers
47
History
Hadfield, Leslie
PhD
2010
History
Washington,
Eric Michael
PhD
2010
History
Cele, Nokuthula
PhD
2006
History
Curry, Dawne
PhD
2005
History
Cohen, Brett
PhD
2000
History
Genge, Manelisi
PhD
1999
History
Whyte,
Anthony
M.A.
1988
History
Houghton,
Frederick
M.A.
1965
Political Science
Fikeni,
Somadoda
PhD
2009
Psychology
Ramsay, Lauren
Jill
PhD
2008
Sociology
Rother, HannaAndrea
PhD
2005
Sociology
Siyengo, Andile
PhD
2004
Sociology
Ransom,
Elizabeth
Jordan,
Nonhlanhla
PhD
2003
M.A.
1994
PhD
1993
Sociology
Sociology
Desai, Ashwin
G.
Restoring human dignity and building self-reliance:
youth, woman, and churches and Black
consciousness community development, South
Africa, 1969-1977
Heralding South Africa's redemption :
evangelicalism and Ethiopianism in the missionary
philosophy of the National Baptist Convention,
USA, Inc. 1880-1930
A Diasporan Community on the Zulu Frontier: The
History of the Machi Chieftaincy from the Early
19th to the Mid-20th Century
Community, Culture and Resistance in Alexandra,
South Africa, 1912-1985
Something Like a Blowing Wind: African Conspiracy
and the Coordination of Resistance to Colonial Rule
in South Africa, 1876-1882
Power and gender in Southern African history :
power relations in the era of Queen Labotsibeni
Gwamile Mdluli of Swaziland, ca. 1875-1921
John X. Merriman, the "Poor White" and the
Problem of the "Clean-Living Native" in the Cape of
Good Hope, 1892-1910
Mission and government in Ovamboland, 18701940 : a survey of the forces for change in a South
West African Reserve
Conflict and accommodation : the politics of rural
local government in the post-apartheid South
Africa
A multilevel examination of the antecedents of
procedural, distributive, and restorative justice
expectations and related outcomes in the context
of strong preferential selection in South Africa
Risk Perception, Risk Communication, and the
Effectiveness of Pesticide Labels in Communicating
Hazards to South African Farm Workers
Sweet Oranges, Uncertain Markets, and Bitter
Losses: A Study of Small-Scale Citrus Farming in the
Eastern Cape, South Africa
Setting the Standard: Competing Values in the
South African Red Meat Industry
The Political Economy of Environment and
Development in South Africa: Implication for
Homelands and Other Black Communities
A Context for Violence: Social and Historical
Underpinnings of Indo- African Violence in a South
African Community
Note: This list may be incomplete for the earlier years before 1960.
48
Appendix C
Guidelines of "best practices" for partnerships between tertiary institutions
in South Africa and the United States
Here are some principles that have emerged both from some successful and some failed
partnerships and that are likely to define common practice among effective, mutually beneficial,
and enduring partnerships. Because international partnerships between tertiary institutions and
their faculty, administrators, and students are diverse in their purposes and methods, any criteria
for "best practices" should not be applied rigidly. See the notes below on the sources of these
"best practice" criteria and how to comment on them and propose amendments.
1. Clarity about goals - As they enter a partnership, the participants seek to be clear about their
goals, personal and institutional, and about what they bring to the collaboration and want to
receive from it. These goals should be shared openly with each other early in the relationship.
2. Consortial linkages - Where possible, the partners should work through consortial
arrangements with multiple universities in order to maximize the efficiencies in using
resources and to encourage widened collaboration within South Africa and with African and
other foreign partners.
3. Understand each other - Partners work seriously to learn about the other institution, its
constraints, strengths, and limitations, and to acquaint the partner with their own institution.
4. Provide internal funding - The institutions commit some of their own funds to the
relationship, not relying only on external support. The partners are innovative in seeking to
direct institutional resources to the partnership, such as through asymmetrical study abroad
programs that bring South African post-graduates to study in the U.S. in exchange for U.S.
undergraduates studying in South Africa.
5. Build for the long-term - Partner institutions expect to develop a long-term relationship of
at least five to ten years so that knowledge about each other and mutually beneficial
collaboration can develop, deepen, and broaden.
6. Broad support - The partnership has the support and commitment of both the relevant
faculty and the administrative leaders of the partner institutions.
7. Joint decision-making - As they develop an agreement, partners will seek to concur on
methods for decision-making, which activities are to be pursued, and what resources will be
used. This requires carefully listening to each other and a willingness to seek understandings
and consensus around mutually acceptable resolutions of inevitable differences of judgments
and perceptions.
8. Written agreement - After these goals are understood, a written agreement is developed that
describes the purposes and goals of the partnership, the resources that each institution brings
to the partnership, methods of seeking external funding, means of documenting progress of
the relationship, and a method of periodic evaluation. The agreement is not be considered a
legal and financial contract but a statement of commitment and intent.
49
9. Transparency on funding - On issues of funding, there is transparency in the sources,
amounts, requirements governing, and all intended uses of funds obtained in the names of the
partners, including any representations made to potential funders. Neither partner will be
engaged in covert or secret research or operations in the project. Transparency requires
sharing the expectations of both the donor and the users to address problems that may arise
around different customs and institutional regulations in using and accounting for the
expenditure of funds.
10. Addressing inequality of resources - In allotting funding, the partners take into account the
unequal resources that are available to the partner institutions and their individual faculty
members. In seeking to build a relationship of inclusivity and equity, the partnerships adhere
to a policy of equal opportunity for all regardless of race, ethnicity, nationality, gender, age,
or sexual-orientation.
11. Transparency on issues of power - The partners seek to be transparent about the differing
roles of leaders and stakeholders and the differing authority and power in the relationship.
They usually will document and share these understandings to facilitate communication and
to clarify responsibilities. This information will be shared with all participating personnel.
12. Constancy of goals - In the event that there are changes in the institutional leadership of one
of the partners, every effort will be made to honor the original goals and activities of the
partners as established in the original agreement and subsequent negotiations.
13. Addressing conflict - If conflict develops, the core leadership team will be alerted and they
will meet and communicate to address the concerns and to re-establish a productive working
relationship among the partners.
14. Ethical and human subjects guidelines - In partnerships involving research, the most
stringent human subjects standards and ethics will apply, such as in the U.S. human subjects
regulations and the Ethical Guidelines of the African Studies Association and the American
Anthropological Association.
15. Acknowledging contributions - The partners work to create some mutually agreed upon
language to credit and acknowledge everyone's contributions, including the sources of
project funding. This will be used in printed and electronic announcements.
16. Celebrating partnerships - The partners will find occasions to celebrate the successes of
their partnership.
Note: Sources of these Best Practices criteria
The principles in this statement have been developed first in conversations among the South African and U.S.
members of the Higher Education Forum of the U.S./South Africa Binational Commission meeting in Cape
Town and Washington D.C. These were discussed by South Africans and Americans at the conference on
"Academic Partnerships with South Africans for Mutual Capacity Building" (October 18 -21, 1998), cosponsored by Michigan State University and the Historically Disadvantaged Institutions Forum, the Committee
on Technikon Principals, and the South African Universities' Vice Chancellors' Association. Subsequently, the
first draft was circulated among approximately 25 persons experienced in US/South African partnerships. In
April 2000, their suggestions have been incorporated by David Wiley into a draft.
50
Compiled by David Wiley, MSU
October 23, 2012