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1
AQA Level 1/2 Certificate
June 2014
2
3
Physics
8403/1
4
5
Paper 1
6
Monday 19 May 2014
1.30 pm to 3.00 pm
7
For this paper you must have:
 a ruler
 a calculator
 a protractor
 the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed).
A
8
TOTAL
Time allowed
 1 hour 30 minutes
Instructions
 Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
 Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
 Answer all questions.
 You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.
 Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.
Information
 The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
 The maximum mark for this paper is 90.
 You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
 You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in
your answers.
 Question 5(c) should be answered in continuous prose.
In this question you will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
 In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.
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8403/1
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Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
1
A bus is taking some children to school.
1 (a)
The bus has to stop a few times. Figure 1 shows the distance–time graph for part of
the journey.
Figure 1
250
200
150
Distance
in metres
100
50
0
1 (a) (i)
0
10
20
30
40
Time in seconds
50
60
How far has the bus travelled in the first 20 seconds?
[1 mark]
Distance travelled = ........................................... m
1 (a) (ii) Describe the motion of the bus between 20 seconds and 30 seconds.
[1 mark]
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1 (a) (iii) Describe the motion of the bus between 30 seconds and 60 seconds.
Tick () one box.
[1 mark]
Tick ()
Accelerating
Reversing
Travelling at constant speed
1 (a) (iv) What is the speed of the bus at 45 seconds?
Show clearly on Figure 1 how you obtained your answer.
[3 marks]
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Speed = ........................................... m/s
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1 (b)
Later in the journey, the bus is moving and has 500 000 J of kinetic energy.
The brakes are applied and the bus stops.
1 (b) (i)
How much work is needed to stop the bus?
[1 mark]
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Work = ........................................... J
1 (b) (ii) The bus stopped in a distance of 25 m.
Calculate the force that was needed to stop the bus.
Use the correct equation from Section A of the Physics Equations Sheet.
[2 marks]
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Force = ........................................... N
1 (b) (iii) What happens to the kinetic energy of the bus as it is braking?
[2 marks]
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2
Astronomers claim that there are about 300 billion stars in the Milky Way.
2 (a)
Describe how stars are formed.
[3 marks]
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2 (b)
Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
[1 mark]
decay
fission
fusion
Energy is released in stars by the process of nuclear ........................................... .
2 (c)
State why a star is stable during the ‘main sequence’ period of its life cycle.
[1 mark]
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2 (d)
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The life cycle of a star after the ‘main sequence’ period depends on the size of the star.
A particular star is the same size as the Sun.
What are the stages, after the main sequence, in the life cycle of this star?
State them in order by writing in the boxes.
[3 marks]
Main sequence
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9
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Most materials expand when heated.
Figure 2 shows a bi-metallic strip when cold and when hot.
Figure 2
Metal B
Metal A
Cold
3 (a)
Hot
The shape of the bi-metallic strip changes.
Explain this change of shape.
[2 marks]
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3 (b)
Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
[1 mark]
solar panels
thermistors
thermostats
Bi-metallic strips are used in ....................................................... .
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3 (c)
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Table 1 shows data for the relative expansion of some materials.
For example, copper expands twice as much as glass for the same temperature rise.
Table 1
Material
Aluminium
23
Copper
16
Glass
(10)
Relative expansion
8
Iron
12
Mercury
59
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3 (c) (i)
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On the grid in Figure 3, draw a bar chart for the data in Table 1.
[4 marks]
Figure 3
60
50
40
Relative
expansion 30
20
10
0
3 (c) (ii) Which materials from Table 1 could be metal A and metal B in Figure 2 on page 9?
Choose one material for each.
[1 mark]
Metal A ...........................................
Metal B ...........................................
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3 (c) (iii) Figure 4 shows a mercury-in-glass thermometer.
Figure 4
Glass
110
100
90
Mercury
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
–10
Give reasons for the choice of materials used to construct this thermometer.
[4 marks]
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4
Radio waves, microwaves and visible light are all electromagnetic waves that are used
for communication.
4 (a) (i)
Name another electromagnetic wave that is used for communication.
[1 mark]
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4 (a) (ii) Name an electromagnetic wave which is not used for communication.
State a use for this electromagnetic wave.
[2 marks]
Electromagnetic wave ........................................................................................................
Use ....................................................................................................................................
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4 (b)
Table 2 shows the wavelengths for some electromagnetic waves, A, B, C and D.
Table 2
Wave
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Wavelength
A
1000 m
B
100 m
C
20 m
D
3 cm
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A teacher is going to demonstrate diffraction of waves through a gap. She will carry out
the demonstration in a classroom.
The teacher is able to generate waves A, B, C and D.
Which wave, A, B, C or D, would she use?
Explain your answer.
[3 marks]
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4 (c)
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In another demonstration, a teacher used a loud ticking clock as a source of sound,
two hollow tubes and two smooth surfaces, EF and GH.
Figure 5 shows one of the hollow tubes fixed in position with a ticking clock at one end.
Figure 5
E
F
G
Fixed hollow tube
R
Ticking clock
Q
P
H
A student placed his ear at one end of the other hollow tube in position P. He moved
this hollow tube, in turn, to positions Q and R.
4 (c) (i)
At which position, P, Q or R, did he hear the loudest sound?
[1 mark]
4 (c) (ii) Explain your answer to part (c)(i).
[3 marks]
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4 (c) (iii) Suggest why smooth surface GH in Figure 5 was needed.
[1 mark]
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4 (c) (iv) The frequency of a sound wave is 15 Hz.
The speed of sound is 330 m/s.
Calculate the wavelength of the sound wave.
Use the correct equation from Section B of the Physics Equations Sheet.
[2 marks]
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Wavelength = ........................................... m
4 (c) (v) Give a reason why it would not be possible to do the demonstration in Figure 5 using
sound waves with a frequency of 15 Hz.
[1 mark]
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5
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Lenses can be used to correct visual defects.
Figure 6 shows a child wearing glasses.
Wearing glasses allows a lens to correct a visual defect.
Figure 6
5 (a)
Figure 7 shows rays of light entering a child’s eye and being focused at a point.
This point is not on the retina so the child sees a blurred image.
Figure 7
Lens
Retina
Cornea
5 (a) (i)
What is the visual defect of this eye?
[1 mark]
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5 (a) (ii) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
[1 mark]
converging
convex
diverging
The type of lens used to correct this visual defect is a ........................................... lens.
5 (b)
Visual defects may be corrected with eye surgery. A laser may be used in eye surgery.
Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
[1 mark]
light
sound
X-rays
A laser is a concentrated source of ........................................... .
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5 (c)
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In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising
information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.
Lasers can be used to correct a visual defect by changing the shape of the cornea.
A knife is used to cut a flap in the cornea. The laser vaporises a portion of the cornea
and permanently changes its shape. The flap is then replaced.
Most patients are back at work within a week. Driving may be unsafe for one to two
weeks. Tinted glasses with ultraviolet protection are needed when out in the sun for
the first three months.
Many people in their mid-40s need reading glasses. This is because the eye lens
becomes less flexible with age. Laser surgery cannot cure this.
Laser surgery for both eyes costs £1000. A pair of glasses costs £250.
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of:
●
having laser surgery to correct visual defects
●
wearing glasses to correct visual defects.
[6 marks]
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5 (d)
Figure 8 shows parallel rays of light, from a point on a distant object, entering a
camera.
Figure 8
Lens
Film
Describe the adjustment that has to be made to focus the image on the film.
[2 marks]
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6
Levers and hydraulic systems can act as force multipliers.
6 (a)
Figure 9 shows a girl trying to lift a large rock using a long rod as a lever.
Figure 9
Girl
Large rock
Rod
Pivot
The girl is pushing down on the rod but is just unable to lift the rock.
Which of the following changes would allow her to lift the rock?
Tick () two boxes.
[2 marks]
Change
Tick ()
Move the pivot away from the rock
Make the rod longer
Push the rod upwards
Push down on the rod with a greater force
6 (b)
Liquids are used in hydraulic systems because they are virtually incompressible.
Explain how the spacing of particles in a liquid cause it to be virtually incompressible.
[2 marks]
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6 (c)
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Figure 10 shows a man using a car jack to lift his car.
Figure 10
Figure 11 shows a simple diagram of a car jack.
Figure 11
Force acting
on car
Effort force
from man
Liquid
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6 (c) (i)
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The man pushes down with an effort force. This results in a much larger force acting
upwards on the car.
Use information from Figure 11 to explain how.
[4 marks]
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6 (c) (ii) Which of the following statements about the forces in Figure 11 is correct?
Tick () one box.
[1 mark]
Tick ()
The force acting on the car moves a greater distance than the effort force.
The force acting on the car moves less distance than the effort force.
The force acting on the car moves the same distance as the effort force.
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7
The current in a circuit depends on the potential difference (p.d.) provided by the cells
and the total resistance of the circuit.
7 (a)
Using the correct circuit symbols, draw a diagram to show how you would connect
1.5 V cells together to give a p.d. of 6 V.
[2 marks]
7 (b)
Figure 12 shows a circuit containing an 18 V battery.
Two resistors, X and Y, are connected in series.
● X has a resistance of 3 Ω.
●
There is a current of 2 A in X.
Figure 12
18 V
2A
3Ω
X
7 (b) (i)
Y
Calculate the p.d. across X.
Use the correct equation from Section C of the Physics Equations Sheet.
[2 marks]
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P.d. across X = ........................................... V
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7 (b) (ii) Calculate the p.d. across Y.
[2 marks]
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P.d. across Y = ........................................... V
7 (b) (iii) Calculate the total resistance of X and Y.
[2 marks]
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Total resistance of X and Y = ........................................... Ω
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7 (c)
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Figure 13 shows a transformer.
Figure 13
Core
2A
Input
12 V Output
18 V
Coil
7 (c) (i)
Coil
An 18 V battery could not be used as the input of a transformer.
Explain why.
[2 marks]
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7 (c) (ii) The transformer is 100% efficient.
Calculate the output current for the transformer shown in Figure 13.
Use the correct equation from Section C of the Physics Equations Sheet.
[2 marks]
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Output current = ........................................... A
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8
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Figure 14 shows a coil and a magnet. An ammeter is connected to the coil.
Figure 14
Coil
Magnet
0
Ammeter
The ammeter has a centre zero scale, so that values of current going in either direction
through the coil can be measured.
8 (a)
A teacher moves the magnet slowly towards the coil.
Explain why there is a reading on the ammeter.
[6 marks]
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8 (b)
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Table 3 shows some other actions taken by the teacher.
Complete Table 3 to show the effect of each action on the ammeter reading.
[4 marks]
Table 3
Action taken by teacher
What happens to the ammeter reading?
Holds the magnet stationary and moves
the coil slowly towards the magnet
Holds the magnet stationary within the
coil
Moves the magnet quickly towards the
coil
Reverses the magnet and moves it
slowly towards the coil
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8 (c)
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The magnet moves so that there is a steady reading of 0.05 A on the ammeter for
6 seconds.
Calculate the charge that flows through the coil during the 6 seconds.
Give the unit.
Use the correct equation from Section C of the Physics Equations Sheet.
[3 marks]
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Charge = ..........................................
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Acknowledgement of copyright-holders and publishers
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders have been unsuccessful and
AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified.
Question 5
Question 6
Photograph of a woman trying eyeglasses on young girl at optometrists © Thinkstock
Photograph of a man placing a jack under a vehicle © Alamy
Copyright © 2014 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
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