North America — human features
50°N
Smallest population: St Kitts
and Nevis 38 958 (M2)
Poorest country (GDP per capita): Haiti
US$437 (L2)
Point Hope
Be
ri n
gS
tra
it
Richest country (GDP per capita): USA
US$36 789 (I4)
8
B E R I N G
B E A U F O
S E A
S E A
Yuk
o
l
n
a
n
d
Alaska
(U.S.A.)
s
River
Largest population: USA
295 734 134 (I4)
RUSSIA
Circle
Lowest population density: Kalaallit Nunaat
(Greenland) 0.03 people per sq km (O8)
70°N
140
s
Smallest country: St Kitts
and Nevis 261 sq km (M2)
7
I
Highest population density:
El Salvador 319 people per sq km (K2)
n
A l e u t i a
Largest country: Canada
9 976 139 sq km (G6)
60°N
6
Arctic
Geofacts
5
Anchorage
nzie
Macke
Amazing places
Kodiak
Island
Mayan pyramids (K3)
Around AD 415–55, the Maya people built great pyramids made from
huge piles of earth covered with stones. They were used for religious
ceremonies, including human sacrifices.
River
Whitehorse
Juneau
Bosnywash (L5)
North-eastern USA contains a mass of connected cities (known as a
megalopolis) — from Boston, through New York to Washington. The region
is home to 44 million people (16 per cent of the population of the USA).
Alexander
Archipelago
Peace
40°N
Queen Charlotte
Islands
Panama Canal (L1)
Construction of the 77-kilometre shipping canal was begun in 1880
by French builder Ferdinand de Lesseps. The project was plagued
by disaster, including massive mud slides and tropical diseases that
claimed the lives of more than 20 000 workers. American army engineers
completed the job in 1914.
C
River
A
Edmonton
Vancouver
Island
Vancouver
Victoria
4
CN Tower (L5)
Completed in 1976, Toronto’s 553-metre CN Tower is the world’s tallest
free-standing structure.
Calgary
Abbotsford
Seattle
Olympia
Portland
Helena
Salem
Tallest structures in history
Boise
30°N
Cape Mendocino
Great
Salt Lake
Sacramento
SAN FRANCISCO
P
A
C
I
F
I
Las
Vegas
C
er
Riv
do
3
Carson
Salt Lake City
City
Colora
Built in 2004, the Taipei Financial Centre, Taiwan, became the world’s tallest
habitable building: 509 m.
1. 2580 BC: Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt, 147 m
2. 1311: Lincoln Cathedral, Lincoln, England, 160 m
3. 1884: Washington Monument, Washington DC, USA, 169 m
4. 1889: Eiffel Tower, Paris, France, 301 m
5. 1930: Chrysler Building, New York, USA, 318 m
6. 1930: Empire State Building, New York, USA, 381 m
7. 1973: World Trade Center, north tower,
New York, USA, 417 m. South tower
was 415 m. (Destroyed by terrorists
in 2001)
8. 1973: Sears Tower, Chicago, USA, 443 m
9. 1976: CN Tower, Toronto, Canada, 553 m
LOS ANGELES
Tro
p
ic o
f Ca
Phoenix
San Diego
Tijuana
nce
r
O
C
E
A
Mexicali
N
20°N
Guadalupe
Hermosillo
lf
Gu
Point Eugenia
orn
alif
of C
Lower
California
ia
2
Culiacan
Cape San Lucas
10°N
0
1
500
1000
1500 km
N
1 : 33 000 000 — 1 centimetre on the map
represents 330 kilometres on the ground.
Azimuthal Equal Area Projection
F
192
130°W
G
120°W
H
110°W
U
KEY
Country border
River
Major road
BOSTON Over 5 000 000 people
MEXICO
Country name
Lake
Major railway
Montreal 1 000 000 to 5 000 000 people
Havana
Country capital
Island
Martinique
(France)
Dependency
80°N
80°N
D
0°
E
ARCTIC OCEAN
W
F
120°
H
eth
A
Clu
re
Melville
Island
500 000 to 1 000 000 people
Nassau
100 000 to 500 000 people
Iqaluit
Under 100 000 people
Population
N
M
ICELAND
Kalaallit Nunaat
(Denmark)
Reykjavik
Ellesmere
Island
Bathurst
Island
ait
Str
Banks
Island
60°N
7
L
K
J
Sverdrup
Islands
Qu
Mc
I
80°W
ab
Eliz
een
R T
W
60°
ds
an
Isl
100°W
W
G
70°N
8
O 40°
W
P
9
14
Kingston
Devon
Island
Baffin
Bay
Somerset
Prince of
Island
Wales Island
6
Over 200
Baffin
Island
Victoria
Island
Da
vis
Boothia
Peninsula
Under 1
L A B R A D O R
Iqaluit
Urban population
S E A
Southampton
Island
Over 5 000 000
Hudso
1 000 000 to 5 000 000
n Strait
Coats
Island
Great Slave
Lake
20 to 100
Nuuk
1 to 20
Foxe
Basin
Yellowknife
100 to 200
Str
ait
Prince Charles
Island
Melville
Peninsula
Great Bear
Lake
Cape Chidley
100 000 to 1 000 000
50°N
50 000 to 100 000
Ungava
Mansel
Island
Peninsula
Agriculture
H u d s o n
Lake
Athabasca
People per
square kilometre
B a y
Reindeer
Lake
A
Belcher Islands
A
Newfoundland
Bay
Lake Winnipeg
Saskatoon
Lake
Mistassini
aw
re
Winnipeg
St L
Lake
Manitoba
Thunder Bay
River
Pierre
St Paul
Madison
Des Moines
CHICAGO
Arkansa
s
UNITED
OF
DALLAS
Ciudad Juarez
Rio
New
Orleans
Morelia
MEXICO CITY
Cuernavaca
Acapulco
100°W
Dairy farming
Commercial crop and
livestock farming
Livestock farming
Sedentary cultivation
Seasonal livestock
farming
Subsistence crop and
livestock farming
Little or no agriculture
Minerals
3
M e x i c o
Au
Nassau
PbZn
Cu
a
ndie
rid
Merida
n Ch
anne
20°N
Wes
tI
s
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC San Juan
Flo
Yuca
ta
CUBA
Holguin
Guantanamo
Santiago de Cuba
Camaguey
C
JAMAICA
A
Puebla
Villahermosa
R I
Coatzacoalcos
BELIZE
B
Belmopan
GUATEMALA HONDURAS
B
E
A
N
S
E
VENEZUELA
M
Managua
San Jose
COSTA RICA
90°W
K
Panama City
PANAMA
80°W
208
COLOMBIA
L
70°W
Al
Bauxite
Cr
Chromium
Cu
Copper
Fe
Iron
Hg Mercury
Ni
A
Nickel
Ng Natural gas
10°N
NICARAGUA
Silver
Mg Manganese
Kingston
Tegucigalpa
EL SALVADOR
1
2
Santo
Domingo
Ag
Au Gold
Basseterre
Port-au-Prince
Veracruz
ST KITTS
and
NEVIS
Puerto Rico
(U.S.A.)
HAITI
l
O
OAu
Cape Sable
Bay of
Campeche
J
30°N
Bermuda (U.K.)
Mixed farming
BAHAMAS
Str
ait
o f
Guatemala City
San Salvador
I
A T L A N T I C
Au
Miami
Havana
Queretaro
Specialised farming
Tobacco and mixed
farming
O C E A N
Orlando
Tampa
MEXICO
Guadalajara
Grain farming
4
Jacksonville
Aguascalientes San Luis Potosi
Ciudad Madero
Leon
2000 km
Tallahassee
de
Saltillo
1000
Cotton
Montgomery
Jackson
an
Gr
McAllen G u l f
Monterrey
Torreon
0
Trenton
AMERICA
Austin Baton Rouge
Houston
San Antonio
Chihuahua
N
NEW YORK
Harrisburg
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh Dover
Columbus
Annapolis
Lincoln
Dayton
WASHINGTON D.C.
Kansas City
Cincinnati
St Louis Springfieldio
Topeka
Richmond
Riv Jefferson City
Oh
Frankfort
Norfolk
er
Louisville
Greensboro Cape Hatteras
Raleigh
Nashville
Charlotte
Oklahoma City
Memphis
Columbia
Little
Rock
Red
Atlanta
River
STATES
Santa Fe
Lake Erie
Indianapolis
Mississippi
Denver
40°N
Buffalo
DETROIT
Cleveland
Riv
er
Cheyenne
Charlottetown
Fredericton
Halifax
Quebec
ichi
g
Lake
Superior
Minneapolis
St Pierre and
Miquelon (France)
Sydney
Riv
er
Bismarck
Prince Edward
Island
Trois Rivieres
Montreal
Sherbrooke
Lake
Augusta Cape Sable
Huron
Ottawa
Montpelier
an
Lake Ontario Concord
TORONTO
Albany
BOSTON
Grand Kitchener
Providence
Rochester
Rapids
Scranton Hartford
London
Lake M
Missouri
Gulf of
St Lawrence
nce
Lake
Winnipegosis
Regina
5
St John’s
Riv
er
N
DJames
1
O
Oil
Pt
Platinum
P
Phosphate
Pb
Lead
S
Sulfur
U
Uranium
W
Tungsten
Zn
Zinc
Au
CuNi
Zn
Ni
Fe
O
Pb
Cu Au
Zn Fe
Pb
P
PbZn
Au
Ag
Cu Mg
Mg CrCu
Fe ZnUPt Fe
Hg
Cu
W
Fe
Hg
Fe
Cr
O
Zn
Fe
AuW
Hg Pt Ag
Mg
W
Cu
Mg Cu W
O Zn
O
Pb Pb
CrO
Ng Ng P Hg P
U
Ng
Ng
Cu O
Fe
PbZn
S O
Cu CuZn Ag
O
Mg Au Pb
OS
P
Ag
Pb Zn O O
Zn
CuNi Cu
Ag Hg O
Ni AlNiAu
Al
Ag Ng
Al
OS
O
Au
Hg
Fe
Coal field
Oil and gas field
193