Australian History, Geography,
Civics and Citizenship
2007 School Certificate Test
General Instructions
■
Reading time: 10 minutes
■
Working time: 2 hours
■
Write using black or blue pen
■
Attempt ALL questions
■
Do NOT write in pencil
■
Write your Centre Number and
Student Number at the top of
pages 11, 13, 15, 17, 31, 33, 35
and 37
Total marks – 100
Section 1 — Australian Geography,
Civics and Citizenship
Pages 3–18
50 marks
Allow about 1 hour for this section
This section has TWO parts
Part A – Questions 1–20
20 marks
Part B – Questions 21–24
30 marks
Section 2 — Australian History,
Civics and Citizenship
Pages 19–39
50 marks
Allow about 1 hour for this section
This section has TWO parts
Part A – Questions 25–44
20 marks
Part B – Questions 45–48
30 marks
S16
Use the appropriate Answer Sheet.
Instructions for answering multiple-choice questions
■
Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the
response oval completely.
Sample:
2+4=
(A) 2
A
■
(C) 8
B
C
(D) 9
D
If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect
answer and fill in the new answer.
A
■
(B) 6
B
C
D
If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the
correct answer, then indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct
and drawing an arrow as follows.
correct
A
B
C
– 2 –
© Board of Studies NSW 2007
D
2007 School Certificate Test
Australian History, Geography,
Civics and Citizenship
Section 1 — Australian Geography,
Civics and Citizenship
50 marks
Allow about 1 hour for this section
This section has TWO parts
Part A – Questions 1–20
Part B – Questions 21–24
S17
– 3 –
20 marks
30 marks
Part A
Questions 1–20
20 marks
Use the Australian Geography Part A Answer Sheet for Questions 1–20.
Questions 1 to 4 refer to Source A.
Source A
Darwin
8
0
10
L
Cairns
1008
12
10
L
10
20
2
12
Perth
101
10
16
10
1028
X
Sydney
20
10
Key
isobars
1016
(values in
hectopascals)
(hPa)
Cold front
Warm front
Trough
Winds (km per hour) 5
10
20
Calm
30
40
50
60
© Commonwealth of Australia, reproduced by permission
–4–
1
What is the direction of Cairns from Perth?
(A) NE
(B)
NW
(C) SE
(D) SW
2
What is the state or territory at point X?
(A) Victoria
(B)
Northern Territory
(C) New South Wales
(D) The Australian Capital Territory
3
What is the barometric pressure at Sydney?
(A) 1008 hPa
(B)
1012 hPa
(C) 1016 hPa
(D) 1018 hPa
4
What is the wind speed and wind direction at Perth?
(A) 20 km/h and E
(B)
20 km/h and W
(C) 30 km/h and E
(D) 30 km/h and W
– 5 –
Questions 5 to 10 refer to Source B.
Source B
Key
02
Airport Terminal
Mt Waterview
Contour interval: 50 m
01
50
Height in metres
Beach
00
Ocean
50
Eucalypt Forest
X
99
Airport runway
0
Metres
N
16
5
500
17
18
19
Using the scale on the map, what is the length of the east-west runway?
(A) 0.5 km
(B)
1 km
(C) 1.5 km
(D) 5 km
6
The linear scale on the map can be represented by which of the following
ratio scales?
(A) 1 : 500
(B)
1 : 25000
(C) 1 : 250000
(D) 1 : 500000
7
What is the aspect of the slope at point X?
(A) NE
(B)
NW
(C) SE
(D) SW
–6–
8
What is the grid reference for the airport terminal building?
(A) 019165
(B) 022175
(C) 165019
(D) 175022
9
What is the bearing of the summit of Mt Waterview from the airport terminal
building?
(A) 35°
(B) 145°
(C) 220°
(D) 330°
10
What is the approximate height of Mt Waterview?
(A) 120 m
(B) 150 m
(C) 180 m
(D) 220 m
11
Which term identifies citizens forced to leave their country to escape political
and civil unrest?
(A) Tourists
(B) Refugees
(C) Emigrants
(D) Illegal immigrants
– 7 –
12
Members of a community petition their local council to oppose a development in
their area.
What have they demonstrated?
(A) Reconciliation
(B) Sustainability
(C) Social justice
(D) Active citizenship
13
If Indonesia experienced a natural disaster, and the Australian government sent
troops to the region to assist, which of the following global links would be
reflected?
(A) Aid
(B) Communication
(C) Defence
(D) Trade
14
Which of the following is an example of a government upholding human rights?
(A) Signing a free trade agreement
(B) Providing health care for indigenous people
(C) Promoting a healthy canteen policy in schools
(D) Paying financial incentives for women to have babies
15
What is ONE impact of Australia’s increasing population on urban planning?
(A) Increased migration
(B) Loss of biodiversity
(C) Changes to global warming
(D) Provision of higher density housing
16
Which two groups are most likely to have opposing perspectives on the issue of
coastal management?
(A) Surfers and residents
(B) Tourists and campers
(C) Coastcare organisations and local councils
(D) Sand mining companies and conservationists
– 8 –
Questions 17 and 18 refer to Source C.
Source C
The photograph shows information displayed on the screen of a handheld Global
Positioning System (GPS) device.
Speed
0.0 km/ h
Location
N 49°00’
W118°00’
Elevation
1219 m
Time of Day
09:13
17
What geographical information is included on the screen of the GPS device?
(A) Aspect and time
(B)
Altitude and latitude
(C) Wind speed and precipitation
(D) Country location and air temperature
18
Which occupation would most likely benefit from the use of this GPS device?
(A) Taxi driver
(B)
Fitness instructor
(C) Property developer
(D) Adventure tour guide
–9–
Questions 19 and 20 refer to Source D.
Source D
Visitors to Australia
Percentage change
in number of visitors
10
5
0
–5
–10
–15
New
Zealand
Europe
The
Americas
2000/01
Japan
2001/02
Other
Asia
Other
countries
2002/03
ABS data used with permission from the Australian Bureau of Statistics
19
What was the percentage change in the number of visitors to Australia from
The Americas in 2000/01?
(A) –7%
(B)
–10%
(C) 7%
(D) 10%
20
From which region was there the least percentage change in the number of
visitors to Australia between 2001/02 and 2002/03?
(A) New Zealand
(B)
Europe
(C) Japan
(D) Other Asia
– 10 –
© Board of Studies NSW 2007
2007 School Certificate Test
Australian History, Geography,
Civics and Citizenship
Student Number
Section 1 (continued)
Part B
Questions 21–24
30 marks
Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
Question 21 (4 marks)
Please turn over
S18
Centre Number
– 11 –
Question 21 (4 marks)
Refer to Source E.
Source E
Age and sex distribution of population by Aboriginality, NSW 2004
Age group
(years)
Aboriginal
Females
Non-Aboriginal
Females
70+
Males
Males
60–69
50–59
40–49
30–39
20–29
10–19
0–9
14
12
10
8
6
4
Percentage of the total
Aboriginal population
2
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Percentage of the total
non-Aboriginal population
The above material has been reproduced with the permission of the NSW Department of Health
(a)
(b)
Use the percentages from the table below to complete the population
pyramid by adding the missing bars for the non-Aboriginal population.
Age group (years)
Males
Females
0–9
7%
6%
Using Source E, identify TWO differences between the Aboriginal and
non-Aboriginal population for NSW in 2004.
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– 12 –
© Board of Studies NSW 2007
14
Marks
2
2
2007 School Certificate Test
Australian History, Geography,
Civics and Citizenship
Centre Number
Student Number
Section 1 – Part B (continued)
Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
Question 22 (5 marks)
Geographical Issues
• air quality
• land and water management
• coastal management
• spatial inequality
• waste management
• urban growth and decline
Choose ONE issue from the box above.
Issue chosen .............................................................................................................
Outline the main geographical processes relevant to the issue you have chosen.
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S19
– 13 –
BLANK PAGE
– 14 –
© Board of Studies NSW 2007
2007 School Certificate Test
Australian History, Geography,
Civics and Citizenship
Centre Number
Student Number
Section 1 – Part B (continued)
Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
Marks
Question 23 (6 marks)
You have been asked to research and report on the impact of pollution in a
local community.
The focus questions to guide your research are:
• Where is pollution occurring within the community?
• Who is being affected by this pollution?
(a) Identify TWO relevant sources of primary and/or secondary data and
TWO fieldwork techniques that could be used to collect data to answer
the focus questions on pollution.
(b)
Source of data
Fieldwork technique
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Identify an appropriate audience and a presentation method to
communicate your research findings.
Audience
S20
Presentation Method
– 15 –
4
2
BLANK PAGE
– 16 –
© Board of Studies NSW 2007
2007 School Certificate Test
Australian History, Geography,
Civics and Citizenship
Centre Number
Student Number
Section 1 – Part B (continued)
Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
In your answer you will be assessed on your ability to:
■ organise and communicate your knowledge and understanding effectively
■ support your ideas with relevant evidence
■ use geographical terms appropriately
Question 24 (15 marks)
Examine the challenges and responses to human rights OR reconciliation for
Australia.
In your answer provide:
• a definition of human rights OR reconciliation;
• some challenges for Australia;
• some responses to these challenges by individuals OR groups OR governments.
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Question 24 continues on page 18
S21
– 17 –
Question 24 (continued)
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End of Question 24
– 18 –
© Board of Studies NSW 2007
2007 School Certificate Test
Australian History, Geography,
Civics and Citizenship
Section 2 — Australian History,
Civics and Citizenship
50 marks
Allow about 1 hour for this section
This section has TWO parts
Part A – Questions 25–44
Part B – Questions 45–48
S22
– 19 –
20 marks
30 marks
Part A
Questions 25–44
20 marks
Use the Australian History Part A Answer Sheet for Questions 25–44.
Question 25 refers to Source A.
Source A
Awaiting copyright
25
Consider the following statements about Source A.
I
Source A suggests that there have been many developments
in technology in the post-war period.
II
Source A suggests that developments in technology have
produced more household goods than we need. (A) Both statements are true.
(B) Both statements are false.
(C) Statement I is true and statement II is false.
(D) Statement I is false and statement II is true.
26
What new technology was introduced into Australian homes in the 1950s?
(A) Radio
(B) Television
(C) Computers
(D) Video games
– 20 –
Questions 27 and 28 refer to Source B.
Source B
Awaiting copyright
27
Which of the following would be a likely UNESCO activity?
(A) Distributing food
(B) Inspecting weapons
(C) Providing primary schools
(D) Deploying peace-keeping forces
28
Why can Source B be considered an accurate and useful source of information
about UNESCO?
(A) It is on a fact sheet.
(B) It is written concisely.
(C) It is from the UNESCO website.
(D) It is downloaded from the internet.
– 21 –
Questions 29 and 30 refer to Source C.
Source C
Awaiting copyright
29
To what political event does Source C refer?
(A) The Moratorium
(B)
The signing of the Anzus Treaty
(C) The introduction of conscription
(D) The attempt to ban the Communist Party
30
Which group is the most likely author of this source?
(A) The Labor Party
(B)
The Communist Party
(C) The Australian Democrats
(D) The Liberal-Country coalition
– 22 –
31
Which event increased the fear of communism in Australia in the 1950s?
(A) The Korean War
(B) The Vietnam War
(C) The collapse of the Soviet Union
(D) The introduction of the Colombo Plan
32
How does Australia support the United Nations in its aim of keeping peace in
the world?
(A) By enforcing nuclear disarmament amongst all nations
(B) By promoting globalisation among developing countries
(C) By participating in a permanent security force to punish aggressors
(D) By participating in a global forum for countries to discuss their differences
33
The forcible removal of Aboriginal children from their parents was associated
with which government policy?
(A) Integration
(B) Assimilation
(C) Multiculturalism
(D) Self-determination
– 23 –
Questions 34 to 36 refer to Source D.
Source D is an extract from a song written by Paul Kelly and Kev Carmody about the
1966 Wave Hill Walkout.
Source D
Awaiting copyright
– 24 –
34
According to Source D, which of the following did the Gurindji people want
most?
(A) Land
(B) Houses
(C) More food
(D) Higher wages
35
According to Source D, what action did the Gurindji people take to achieve their
goal?
(A) They accepted higher pay.
(B) They went on a hunger strike.
(C) They accepted better conditions.
(D) They walked away from their jobs.
36
Referring to Source D, what do the actions of the ‘tall stranger’ in stanza 5
symbolise?
(A) The acceptance of terra nullius
(B) The acceptance of the Mabo judgement
(C) The recognition of Aboriginal land rights
(D) The recognition of Aboriginal people as citizens
– 25 –
Questions 37 to 39 refer to Sources E and F.
Source E
. . . it is our judgement that the decision to commit a battalion in South
Vietnam represents the most useful additional contribution which we can
make to the defence of the region at this time. The takeover of South
Vietnam would be a direct military threat to Australia and all the countries
of South and South-East Asia. It must be seen as part of a thrust by
Communist China between the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Statement by Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies,
leader of the Liberal/Country Coalition Government, April 1965
copyright Commonwealth of Australia reproduced by permission
Source F
We do not think it is a wise decision. We do not think it will help the fight
against Communism. We do not believe it will promote the welfare of the
people of Vietnam . . . to exhaust our resources in the bottomless pit of
jungle warfare.
Australia’s aim should have been to help end the war, not to extend it. We
have now lost all power to help end it . . . We have committed ourselves
to the propositions that Communism can be defeated by military means
alone and that it is the function of European troops to impose the will of
the West upon Asia. These are dangerous, delusive and disastrous
propositions.
Statement by Arthur Calwell, leader of the Opposition Labor Party,
May 1965
copyright Commonwealth of Australia reproduced by permission
– 26 –
37
According to Source E, what was the main reason given by Prime Minister
Robert Menzies for Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam War?
(A) To support China in South Vietnam
(B) To stop the spread of communism in Asia
(C) To develop a military alliance with Europe
(D) To extend Australia’s influence in South-East Asia
38
What can be concluded from Source F about Arthur Calwell’s view of Australia’s
involvement in the Vietnam War?
(A) He strongly supported communist beliefs.
(B) He feared that the war would fail to stop communism.
(C) He accepted Menzies’ decision to send troops to Vietnam.
(D) He did not believe Australians could fight well in jungle conditions.
39
What could a historian studying Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam War
conclude from Sources E and F?
(A) The Vietnam War united the Government and the Opposition.
(B) Both the Government and the Opposition supported military action in
Vietnam.
(C) Both the Government and the Opposition supported imposing the will of
the West on Asia.
(D) The Vietnam War caused division in Australian politics between the
Government and the Opposition.
– 27 –
Questions 40 and 41 refer to Source G.
Source G shows the results of public opinion polls on whether Australian soldiers
should remain in Vietnam.
Source G
40
Month/Year
9/65
9/66
5/67
10/68 12/68
4/69
8/69
10/69 10/70
Continue
56%
60%
62%
54%
49%
48%
40%
39%
43%
Bring back
28%
27%
24%
38%
37%
40%
55%
51%
45%
Undecided
16%
13%
14%
8%
14%
12%
5%
10%
12%
According to Source G, which statement best describes the attitudes of
Australians to the war in Vietnam from 1965 to 1970?
(A) Australians were divided over the issue.
(B)
The majority of Australians were undecided about the issue.
(C) The majority of Australians were in favour of continuing our involvement.
(D) There had been a consistent decrease in those favouring troop withdrawal.
41
What would be the main thing a historian would want to know about Source G
before using it as evidence of public opinion about the Vietnam War?
(A) Whether or not a computer collected the data
(B)
The number and background of the people surveyed
(C) Whether the surveys were official government documents
(D) Whether the people were surveyed by phone or face-to-face interview
– 28 –
Question 42 refers to Source H
Source H is a photograph of National Servicemen (conscripts) entering the army.
It was published in an Australian newspaper in 1965.
Source H
Awaiting copyright
42
What was the most likely purpose for publishing Source H in 1965?
(A) To show that the media was against the war in Vietnam
(B) To show that National Service was a positive experience for young men
(C) To show that many young men enthusiastically volunteered for the war
in Vietnam
(D) To show that most young men were against National Service for the war
in Vietnam
– 29 –
Question 43 refers to Source I
Source I is an extract from an article by William White who was a conscientious
objector to the Vietnam War.
Source I
Awaiting copyright
43
According to Source I, what are William White’s main reasons for being a
conscientious objector?
(A) He respects people’s feelings and their property.
(B) He believes in democracy and opposes communism.
(C) He respects life and believes that conscription is wrong.
(D) He believes that both conscription and communism are wrong.
Question 44 refers to Sources H and I.
44
Why would a historian studying National Service in the 1960s consider Sources H
and I useful?
(A) They provide two different perspectives on the issue.
(B) They provide two examples of government propaganda.
(C) They provide a secondary and primary source from the time.
(D) They provide detailed information on government policy from the time.
– 30 –
© Board of Studies NSW 2007
2007 School Certificate Test
Australian History, Geography,
Civics and Citizenship
Student Number
Section 2 (continued)
Part B
Questions 45–48
30 marks
Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
Question 45 (5 marks)
Please turn over
S23
Centre Number
– 31 –
Question 45 (5 marks)
Source J
Awaiting copyright
Using Source J and your own knowledge, outline the actions Aboriginal people have
taken in their struggle for land rights in the post-war period.
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– 32 –
© Board of Studies NSW 2007
2007 School Certificate Test
Australian History, Geography,
Civics and Citizenship
Centre Number
Student Number
Section 2 – Part B (continued)
Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
Question 46 (5 marks)
Outline the impact of the Vietnam War on ONE of the following:
• Vietnam veterans and families
• Indo-Chinese refugees
• Australian culture
• Australia’s relations with Asia.
Chosen area of impact: ...................................................................................
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S24
– 33 –
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– 34 –
© Board of Studies NSW 2007
2007 School Certificate Test
Australian History, Geography,
Civics and Citizenship
Centre Number
Student Number
Section 2 – Part B (continued)
Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
Question 47 (5 marks)
Describe the problems faced by ONE of the following groups in their struggle for
rights and freedoms.
• A migrant group in the post-World War II period
• Enemy aliens in World War I or World War II
• Women during the Great Depression
• Women’s liberationists in the post-World War II period
• The stolen generations.
Chosen group ...................................................................................................
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S25
– 35 –
BLANK PAGE
– 36 –
© Board of Studies NSW 2007
2007 School Certificate Test
Australian History, Geography,
Civics and Citizenship
Centre Number
Student Number
Section 2 – Part B (continued)
Answer the question in the space provided.
In your answer you will be assessed on your ability to:
■ organise and communicate your knowledge and understanding effectively
■ support your ideas with relevant evidence
■ use historical terms appropriately
Question 48 (15 marks)
Please turn over
S26
– 37 –
Question 48 (15 marks)
This list shows a number of individuals and a related event or issue in which they
played an important role.
• Charles Perkins and the Freedom Rides
• Germaine Greer and the Women’s Liberation Movement
• Jack Mundey and the Green bans
• Sir John Kerr and the Whitlam dismissal
• Bob Brown and Green politics
• Paul Keating and Republicanism
• Pauline Hanson and One Nation
Choose ONE individual from the list above and explain their role in the related
event/issue.
In your answer, you should refer to:
• the actions taken by the individual
• the reasons for the individual’s actions
• the impact of the individual’s actions.
Chosen individual and event ...........................................................................................
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Question 48 continues on page 39
– 38 –
Question 48 (continued)
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End of test
– 39 –
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– 40 –
© Board of Studies NSW 2007