CONCISE CURRICULUM
Industrialization to the Digital Age
Year 3
with Constructed Response
Social Studies, Language, and Reading
5th grade
How Life Changed in America
at the Turn of the Century: pgs. 6-36
Vocabulary
Wagon Trains
Chisholm Trail/Great Western Trail
Black Cowboys
The Spanish-American War
Building of the Panama Canal
Immigration
Important Fact Review
Impact on American Life: pgs. 37-51
Vocabulary
George Washington Carver
The Wright Brothers
Alexander Graham Bell
Thomas Edison
Extended Response
Important Fact Review
Timeline
World War I: pgs. 52-69
Events that led to the war
German Attacks on U.S. ships
Impact of the war/Treaty of Versailles
Important Fact Review
Cultural Developments of the 1920s: pgs. 70-96
Louis Armstrong
Harlem Renaissance
Babe Ruth
Henry Ford
Charles Lindbergh
Extended Response
Important Fact Review
Timeline
Great Depression and New Deal: pgs. 97-122
Stock Market Crash
Herbert Hoover/Soup Kitchens
Dust Bowl
Roosevelt/New Deal/CCC/WPA/TVA
Fact Review
Cultural Developments of the 1930s: pgs. 123-135
Duke Ellington
Margaret Mitchell
Jesse Owens
Extended Response
World War II: pgs. 136-174
German Aggression in Europe/Hitler
Pearl Harbor/Roosevelt
Battle of Iwo Jima/Midway
D-Day/VE Day
Holocaust/Hitler
VJ Day/Atomic Bomb/Truman
Rosie the Riveter/Rationing
Tuskegee Airmen
Eleanor Roosevelt
Important Fact Review
Important People WWII: pgs. 175-189
Joseph Stalin
Hirohito
Winston Churchill
Benito Mussolini
Cold War: pgs. 190-217
Iron Curtain
Berlin Airlifts
Korean War
NATO
Joseph McCarthy
Nikita Khrushchev
Cuban Missile Crisis
Vietnam War/Mao Tse-tung
Developments between 1950-1975: pgs. 218-257
Jim Crow Laws
Brown V. Board/Thurgood Marshall
Rosa Parks/Bus Boycott
MLK/Civil Rights/Voting Act
Cesar Chavez
Thurgood Marshall
JFK/LBJ
RFK
MLK
Extended Response
Significance of Technology
Developments between 1975-2001: pgs. 258-273
Peace in the Middle East
Collapse of the Soviet Union
Persian Gulf
War on Terrorism
Impact of the Computer Internet
Geography: pgs. 274-281
Government: pgs. 282-291
Economics: pgs. 292-305
This is a simple guideline to use for writing
constructed responses.
ICE
Introduction:
Introduce the topic by restating the question or
writing an introductory statement.
Cite Evidence from the text:
Answer the question by citing or finding evidence
(facts) in the text. Make sure the facts answer
the question.
Explain your answer/write an ending statement:
Explain or give your thoughts on the evidence for
your answer. Write an ending statement by
restating the introduction.
How Life Changed in America
at the Turn of the Century
*Use a dictionary to write the meaning of each vocabulary word.
Lesson 1: Cattle Trails
expansion: ____________________________________________
emigrants: ____________________________________________
protection: ____________________________________________
converged: ____________________________________________
declined: ______________________________________________
Lesson 2: Chisholm Trail/Great Western Trail
expanded: _____________________________________________
drive: ________________________________________________
obstacles: _____________________________________________
diminish: ______________________________________________
Lesson 3: The Black Cowboys of Texas
significant: ____________________________________________
demand: ______________________________________________
discrimination: _________________________________________
occupations: ___________________________________________
skill: _________________________________________________
Lesson 4: The Spanish-American War
independence: __________________________________________
blamed: ______________________________________________
destroyed: ____________________________________________
fleet: ________________________________________________
siege: ________________________________________________
Lesson 5: The Panama Canal
elected: ______________________________________________
guidance: _____________________________________________
isthmus: ______________________________________________
revolt: _______________________________________________
revolution: ____________________________________________
Lesson 6: Immigration
immigrants: ___________________________________________
wages: _______________________________________________
tenements: ____________________________________________
America at the Turn of the Century
CONTEXT CLUES: (ELAGSE5L4a)
Settlers traveled the Oregon Trail in wagon trains. These were groups of
covered wagons that banded together for companionship and protection.
Companionship means: A) trails B) travel C) company
Other parts of the country saw expansion as pioneers moved into what
is now present-day Oregon. They took a trail that started in Independence,
Missouri and continued more than 2,000 miles toward the Northwest. This
was called the Oregon Trail. Many emigrants used the trail to find land and
opportunities in the West.
Settlers traveled the Oregon Trail in wagon trains. These were groups
of covered wagons that banded together for companionship and protection.
Many trains spread out over a large area and converged together for river
and mountain crossings. Forts and fur trading posts could be found along the
way. Travelers could stock up on supplies when they reached a trading post.
Traveling was long and difficult for the early settlers. Most trains traveled
about fifteen miles a day. It took an average wagon train six months to
complete the journey.
Groups who had successful journeys usually were very organized. They
would gather together in the morning for breakfast over a campfire. The
wagons wouldn’t stop driving until it was time for lunch. After lunch the
group would travel again until dusk. At dusk, the travelers would circle the
wagons for nighttime. The only time of rest was on Sunday. Most groups
would appoint a leader or officer. They also had written codes or laws of
behavior. Traveling on the Oregon Trail declined when the railroad expanded
to the West. The trails were eventually abandoned in the 1870s.
1. Where did the Oregon Trail start? __________________________
2. Describe the wagon trains. ________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3. When were the wagon trails abandoned? ______________________
America at the Turn of the Century
CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE:
Write a fictional narrative about a typical day traveling on a wagon train.
Use details found in the text to include in your narrative.
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America at the Turn of the Century
READING AND INFORMATION PROCESSING SKILLS
INFERENCE: Use clues from the text to support your answer.
Why do you think the people on the wagon trains would usually elect a leader
or officer?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
FACT AND OPINION: A fact is something you know that is true.
An opinion is what someone thinks or feels.
Write FACT or OPINION next to each statement.
1. Wagon trains could only travel about 15 miles a day. __________
2. Riding in a wagon train would be a horrible experience. _________
3. The wagon trains rested on Sunday. _________
CAUSE AND EFFECT: The cause happens first and makes the effect
happen. Read the sentence below and find the cause and effect. (5RI5)
It took an average of six months for the trains to reach their destinations
because they wagons could only travel about 15 miles a day.
Circle the CAUSE and underline the EFFECT.
Why did it take the wagon trains so long to reach their destination? ___
_________________________________________________________
America at the Turn of the Century
LANGUAGE AND VOCABULARY SKILLS
VOCABULARY REVIEW:
(ELAGSE5L4)
Circle the word that DOES NOT have the same meaning as converge.
A. unite
B. meet
C. travel
D. join
What does CONVERGE mean? _________________________________
SENTENCE FRAGMENTS: Sentence Fragments do not express a complete
thought. A complete sentence has a subject and a verb and expresses a
complete thought. (ELAGSE5L1)
Change all fragments below into complete sentences.
1. banded together for companionship and protection
_____________________________________________________
2. continued more than 2,000 miles toward the Northwest
_____________________________________________________
3. an average of six months
_____________________________________________________
4. usually elect a leader
_____________________________________________________
America at the Turn of the Century
CONTEXT CLUES: (ELAGSE5L4a)
Ranchers in Texas desperately wanted to make more money and get their
cattle to market in the North.
Desperately means: A) excitedly B) happily C) anxiously
Texas ranchers started moving cattle north into Kansas. One of the
most famous cattle trails during this time was called the Chisholm Trail.
Jesse Chisholm was a trader who had built several trading posts in western
Oklahoma before the Civil War. This trail went from southern Texas to
Abilene, Kansas. Once the cattle arrived in Abilene, they were placed in
pens. The cattle were held in the pens until the train arrived to take them
further north. As the railroad expanded, other cities also built cattle pens.
These cities were called cow towns.
Cattle ranchers started using the trail to move cattle to market after
Chisholm marked the trail for his trading purposes. This was called a cattle
drive. Cattle were “driven” by the ranchers on the trail to be sold at the
cattle market. Cattle in Texas at that time were sold for around 4 dollars a
head. In the north, cattle could be sold for up to ten times that amount.
Ranchers in Texas desperately wanted to make more money and get their
cattle to the markets in the North.
There were many obstacles to overcome in order to get the cattle to
market. The trip was long and difficult. The weather could sometimes be
difficult with snowstorms and blizzards in the winter months. Sometimes
Indians would attack the cowboys who were driving the cattle to market.
Rustlers would also try and steal cattle away from their owners.
Between 1867 and 1872 over 3 million head of cattle were driven up the
Chisholm Trail in Texas to Abilene, Kansas. By the 1870s the trails started
to diminish. Ranchers were starting to use railroads that were built in the
1870s and 1880s. The Western Trail began in the mid-1800s. It ran to the
west and parallel to the more well-known Chisholm Trail. The Western Trail
was a principal route for cattle from Texas to move to northern markets.
During it’s time the Western Trail saw over seven million horses and cattle
travel from Texas to railheads (farthest point to which rails of a railroad
have been laid) in Kansas and Nebraska. This gave way to the expansion of
the cattle business in Montana and Wyoming.
America at the Turn of the Century
1. Who was Jesse Chisholm? _________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. Why did Jesse Chisholm start a trail? _______________________
_________________________________________________________
3. What was the MAIN reason ranchers wanted to move their cattle to
the northern markets?
_________________________________________________________
CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE:
List and describe the obstacles and challenges the ranchers faced while
trying to get their cattle to market. What do you think was their
biggest challenge? Give your opinion.
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America at the Turn of the Century
READING AND INFORMATION PROCESSING SKILLS
INFERENCE: Read the statement from the text below:
Rustlers would also try and steal cattle away from their owners.
What do you think a “rustler” is?
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CAUSE AND EFFECT: The cause is what happens first and the effect is
what follows the cause. (ELAGSE5RI5)
Read each statement and find the cause and effect.
Ranchers wanted to take their cattle to market in the North because they
were able to sell them for a much higher price.
CAUSE: ___________________________________________________
EFFECT: __________________________________________________
By the 1870s the trails started to diminish since ranchers were starting to
use railroads.
CAUSE: ___________________________________________________
EFFECT: __________________________________________________
America at the Turn of the Century
LANGUAGE AND VOCABULARY SKILLS
MULTIPLE MEANING WORDS: (ELAGSE5L4)
Some words have more than one meaning.
drive:
definition 1: energy
definition 2: to operate a car
definition 3: to move cattle from one place to another
Choose the correct definition that matches the way the word is used in each
sentence below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Marnie will drive herself to school when she is sixteen. ______________
My teacher has a lot of drive, pep, and enthusiasm. ____________
A cattle drive was the best way to move cattle to market. ___________
Can you drive a car yet? ___________
SENTENCE FRAGMENTS: (ELAGSE5L1)
Sentence Fragments do not express a complete thought. A complete
sentence has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.
Change all fragments below into complete sentences.
1. Jesse Chisholm started
_____________________________________________________
2. started in Texas
_____________________________________________________
3. ranchers could get more money
_____________________________________________________
America at the Turn of the Century
CONTEXT CLUES: (ELAGSE5L4a)
Slaves who knew how to herd cattle were preferred by the Texas ranchers.
Preferred means: A) discarded B) not liked C) liked better
Since the 1500s, African Americans, or Black Americans, have been a
part of what is now Texas. They arrived there as slaves. When the Civil War
began in America, many Texas ranchers went off to fight the war. Slaves
were left in their place to run the cattle ranches. Because of this, the slaves
learned the ranching business. Some slaves came from African countries
where they herded cattle. These slaves were preferred by the Texas
ranchers.
By the end of the Civil War, there was a significant African population
in Texas. After the Emancipation Proclamation, the slaves were now free.
Because of the Jim Crow laws in many of the southern states, many former
slaves chose to move west to Texas. Ranchers had plenty of beef to sell
after the Civil War. They had no place to sell it so they had to drive it to
market. The Great Western Cattle Trail was used to drive cattle to markets
in the East. The trail started in Bandera, Texas and ended in Dodge City,
Kansas. Between 1866 and 1885, an estimated five million cattle were driven
north and east from Texas.
As the demand for beef grew, so did the demand for ranch hands. Some
former slaves found work as ranch hands, and many found themselves driving
cattle to market. Men who drove cattle were called cowboys. Between 5,000
and 8,000 black cowboys rode the trails in the late 1800s. This was about
one-fourth of all of the cowboys during that time. The black cowboys
probably suffered less discrimination than in other occupations, or jobs, at
that time. For a cowboy, skill was more important than skin color.
1. Why were slaves left in charge of the Texas ranches? ___________
_________________________________________________________
2. Why did many of the former slaves choose to move to Texas? _____
_________________________________________________________
America at the Turn of the Century
LANGUAGE, READING AND VOCABULARY SKILLS
PARTS OF SPEECH: (ELAGSE5L1)
Underline the nouns in each sentence. Circle the prepositions.
Draw a box around the conjunctions.
Draw a line between the complete subject and the complete predicate.
1. Africans arrived in Texas as slaves. (3 nouns)
*What did the Africans do? _________ (verb)
2. Ranchers sold beef after the Civil War. (3 nouns)
*What did the ranchers do? _________ (verb)
USAGE AND MECHANICS:
(ELAGSE5L2)
Choose the sentence that has an error in capitalization, punctuation, spelling, or usage.
1. Many Texas ranchers went off too fight the war.
2. The Great Western Cattle Trail was used to drive cattle to market.
3. Some former slaves found work as ranch hands.
CAUSE AND EFFECT:
(ELAGSE5RI5)
The cause is why something happened and the effect is what happened as a result.
Read the statement below and find the cause and effect.
Slaves were left to run the cattle ranches because many ranchers left to
fight the war.
CAUSE: ___________________________________________________
EFFECT: __________________________________________________
America at the Turn of the Century
CONTEXT CLUES: (ELAGSE5L4a)
People in the U.S. heard about Spain’s harsh rule of Cuba. People in Cuba
were mistreated and hurt under Spain.
Harsh means: A) helpful
B) nice
C) severe
In the late 1800s, Spain had two colonies in the West. These two
colonies were the islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico. Cubans wanted their
independence from Spain. Americans heard stories about Spain’s harsh rule
of the island of Cuba. Many Americans supported the Cubans’ right to be
free from Spain.
The United States government decided to help the Cubans. President
William McKinley sent a battleship to Cuba in case of trouble. The
battleship, U.S.S. Maine, exploded in the harbor of Havana, Cuba. More than
200 American sailors were killed. America blamed Spain for the explosion.
The United States declared war on Spain on April 25, 1898. This war was
called the Spanish-American War. Most of the war was not fought in Cuba
but the Philippine Islands. The U.S. Navy was sent to the Philippines, and
they destroyed the fleet of Spanish ships.
Theodore Roosevelt quit his job as the Assistant Secretary of the
Navy to join the fight against the Spanish. Roosevelt formed a fighting
company called the Rough Riders. His group fought in the Battle of San Juan
Hill and the siege of Santiago. These two battles helped to end the war. On
July 17, 1898, Spanish leaders agreed to stop the war.
1. Why did Cubans want to be free from Spain? _________________
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2. The word “siege” in the passage means:
A) forgotten
B) takeover
C) agreed
America at the Turn of the Century
3. Why did the United States declare war on Spain? _______________
_________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4. How did Roosevelt help the U.S. to win the war against Spain?
_________________________________________________________
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SUMMARY: A summary is a condensed “concise” version of the text.
Write a summary of the text and be sure to include these key words:
Spanish-American war, Cuba, Roosevelt, Battle of San Juan Hill, Spain,
rough riders, U.S.S. Maine, fleet, destroyed, U.S. Navy
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America at the Turn of the Century
CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE OUTLINE: What events started the SpanishAmerican War? Do you think the U.S. was justified in helping Cuba against
Spain? Cite evidence from the text to support your answer.
Introduction: Restate the question to introduce the topic.
_________________________________________________________
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Cite Evidence from the text:
Look for events that started the Spanish-American War.
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Opinion:
Do you think the U.S. was justified in helping the Cuban people?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Explain your answer and write an ending statement.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
America at the Turn of the Century
CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE: What events started the Spanish-American
War? Do you think the U.S. was justified in helping Cuba against Spain?
Cite evidence from the text to support your answer.
Use your outline from the previous page to write your response.
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America at the Turn of the Century
READING AND INFORMATION PROCESSING SKILLS
CAUSE AND EFFECT: (ELAGSE5RI5)
The cause is what happened first to make the effect happen.
Read the statements below and find the cause and effect.
The Spanish-American war ended because of the Battle of San Juan Hill and
the siege of Santiago.
CAUSE: __________________________________________________
EFFECT: _________________________________________________
Because of the harsh stories about Spain’s treatment of Cuba, the U.S.
decided to declare war on Spain.
CAUSE: __________________________________________________
EFFECT: _________________________________________________
FACT AND OPINION:
A fact is something that is true. An opinion is what someone thinks.
Write two FACTS from the text.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Give one OPINION about the text.
________________________________________________________
America at the Turn of the Century
LANGUAGE AND VOCABULARY SKILLS
PARTS OF SPEECH: (ELAGSE5L1)
Underline the nouns in each sentence. Circle the prepositions.
Draw a box around the conjunctions.
Draw a line between the complete subject and the complete predicate.
1. People in the United States heard horrible stories about the harsh rule of
Cuba. (5 nouns)
*What did people in the United States do? _________________ (verb)
2. The United States Navy destroyed the large Spanish fleet. (2 nouns)
*What did the United States Navy do? ______________ (verb)
RUN-ONS: Rewrite the run-on sentence into two complete sentences.
1. The United States government decided to help the Cubans President
William McKinley sent a battleship to Cuba in case of trouble.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. Theodore Roosevelt quit his job as the Assistant Secretary of the Navy
to join the fight against the Spanish Roosevelt formed a fighting
company called the Rough Riders.
_________________________________________________________
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