Unit 11
Chapter 10 Section 1 Natural Environments of Mexico
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What is the largest landform in Mexico?
What are the three great mountain ranges of the Mexican Plateau?
Where does the Valley of Mexico lie?
What important city lies there?
What is the highest volcano in the mountains south of Mexico City?
Why are earthquakes common in this area?
What is an isthmus?
What is significant about the Isthmus of Tehuantepec?
What region is the flattest of Mexico?
What is a sinkhole?
What is the first factor that helps explain Mexico’s diverse climates?
What factor limits the amount of rainfall over 2/3 of Mexico’s land area?
What kinds of vegetation cover much of Northern Mexico’s plains?
What is the second factor affecting Mexico’s climates?
Why?
What is the last factor that affects Mexico’s climates?
Where does snow fall in Mexico?
How far south do freezing temperatures occasionally reach?
What are some of the mineral resources found in Mexico?
What is Mexico’s most valuable natural resource today?
Where can this resource be found?
Which country does Mexico export most of this resource to?
What is the Cuatro Cienegas?
What is unique about his area?
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Chapter 10 Section 2
What lifestyles did early Mexican people follow?
What crops did they grow?
How did farmers maintain soil fertility and provide a complete balanced diet?
What term is used to describe this kind of cultivation?
What are some examples of highly complex and accomplished civilizations of Mexico?
What was the last of the great early civilizations?
What set that civilization apart from other people of the region?
Where did they build their empire?
What was their capital city?
Where was it located?
What was significant about this city?
When did the Spanish arrive on the eastern coast of Mexico?
Who were the conquistadors?
What alliances did these conquistadors make?
What advantages did the Spanish have over the Aztec?
What disease arrived with the Spanish?
Why was this significant?
What was the result?
How did this aid the Spanish?
What did the Spanish call the colony they set up after the defeat of the Aztec?
What was a major motive for Spain to colonize the Americas?
What were ejidos?
How did the Spanish organize the land?
What was the goal of Roman Catholic missionaries?
What were missions?
What is a plaza?
Why is it significant?
What is the predominate religion of Mexico today?
How did early Indians adapt Christianity?
What are mestizos?
What has marked the recent history of Mexico?
What significant event happened in 1810?
How long did this last?
What happened then?
How was society structured after that?
What happened in 1848?
What led to the Mexican Revolution?
How long did the Revolution last?
While the post-revolution government was supposed to be democratic, what was the real form
of government?
What was one major result of the revolution?
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What is the quinceanera?
What does this mark?
How does this begin and end?
How has urbanization affected the population?
What major diplomatic step did Mexico take in 1992?
What are the provisions of this treaty?
How has the treaty affected Mexico?
What is the status of Mexico economically today?
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10-3 Mexico Today
How many states does Mexico have today?
What purposes does Mexico City serve?
What percent of Mexico’s population lives in Mexico City?
What is the official name of Mexico?
Why are there huge settlements of shacks built of waste wood and sheet metal in Mexico City
today?
Are all areas of the city like that?
Give an example of why that is so.
What is the Zona Rosa?
Why does Mexico City have a major problem with air pollution?
How is the Mexican government attempting to clear the air?
How did many cities of the Mexican Plateau begin?
What is Mexico’s second largest city?
What is significant about the architecture of this city?
What is agriculture like on the fertile valleys of central Mexico?
How did the residents of the Gulf Lowlands and Southern Mexico use the land in the past?
How is it used today?
What natural resources are key to the region’s economy?
What areas are included in Southern Mexico?
What is the economy of that region like?
What is culturally significant about the region?
What economic activities are common there?
What part of the population is made up of Mexican Indians?
What languages do they speak?
Give an example of this.
What is significant about the infrastructure of Northern Mexico?
What draws people to move to Northern Mexico?
What other industries are significant to the Northern Mexican economy?
What are maquiladoras?
What products are manufactured there?
What other exports are produced in Northern Mexico?
How are the cultures of Mexico and the United States linked in this area?
Give an example of this.
How are Mexican politics changing today?
What is an example of the economic inequality that challenges Mexico today?
How does migration affect Mexico?
How does the economy affect the crime rate of Mexico?
Give an example of this.
How does the country’s infrastructure negatively affect economic growth?
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11-1 Natural Environments of Central America and the Caribbean
What is Central America?
What are the major island groups of the West Indies?
What islands are included in the Greater Antilles?
What are the Bahamas?
What two countries occupy the island of Hispaniola?
What are the Lesser Antilles?
How many countries are in Central America?
What are they?
Why is travel often difficult in Central America?
What shaped the region physically?
What tectonic plate does much of the region lie on?
What plate is just west of Central America?
What is the relationship between these two plates?
What is the result of this action?
What is unusual about the island of Martinique?
What island is a mountain of old continental rock?
How did the Cayman Islands begin?
What climates are typical of this region?
What causes the climate patterns of this region to vary?
Where are cooler highland climates common?
What is the climate like on the eastern side of mountains of the region?
What is significant about the western sides of those mountains?
In the Caribbean, what is the major factor of climate?
In the lower island of the Caribbean, what influence does the orographic effect have?
What happens to rain in those areas?
What is the result?
What trees dominate muddy tropical coastlines of Central America?
Why are these trees unusual?
What kinds of aquatic life lives in their roots?
What mineral resource is found in Jamaica and what is it commonly used for?
What mineral resource is produced in Cuba and the Dominican Republic?
Which country have oil deposits?
Where do earthquakes happen in this region?
What is a major weather threat to the region?
Why is flooding such as issue in the region?
11-2 Central America
1. What are indigenous people?
2. What did most indigenous do when the Spanish explorers arrived?
3. What was the most dramatic reason for the drastic decline of native population after the
Spanish arrived in the 1500s?
4. Where did European settlers build their towns?
5. How was the land divided after the Europeans arrived?
6. Which colony was the only non-Spanish colony is Central America?
7. How did Europeans solve the need for labor in these colonies?
8. What social changes came with independence?
9. Who built railroads across Central America?
10. What cash crops developed in the region?
11. Who controlled the banana business of the region?
12. What country built the Panama Canal?
13. Where is wealth concentrated today?
14. What church is the most influential in the region?
15. What is the official language of most of the countries of the region?
16. What country is the exception?
17. What ethnic group makes up most of the population of Central America?
18. What are mulattoes?
19. Where did the small populations of Asian and Africans in the area descend from?
20. Where do most of the region’s Indians live?
21. What is significant about the population of El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama?
22. What is significant about the population of Costa Rica?
23. Today, what are the major income producing crops of the region?
24. What is cacao?
25. Why has violence risen in the region?
26. Where have many Central Americans immigrated to in recent years?
27. Why?
28. What two countries have experienced problems relating to land reform?
29. What has been the result?
30. What other country has suffered similar problems?
31. What is the eastern part of Panama like?
32. Which region of Panama is the most prosperous?
33. What cities are on either end of the Panama Canal?
34. What is the western areas like?
35. What crop is particularly important to the economies of Honduras, Guatemala, Panama, and
Costa Rica?
36. Which country is considered to be the least developed in the region?
37. Which country has the highest standard of living in the region?
38. What attributes of Costa Rica have attracted foreign investment?
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What industry has grown as a result?
What has become a major export of Costa Rica?
What country has developed ecotourism?
What is ecotourism?
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11-3 The Caribbean
Who sponsored Christopher Columbus on his voyage of discovery?
What were the first wave of Spanish in the Caribbean looking for?
What did these Europeans bring with them to this region?
Why did the Spanish loose interest in many of the smaller islands?
What nations competed for control of those islands?
What crop proved very profitable for them?
Where else did they develop sugar plantations?
Where did plantations owners turn for workers?
What happened to former slaves once slavery ended in the 1800s?
Where did landowners turn for labor then?
When did Haiti win independence from France?
When did the Dominican Republic gain independence from Spain?
How did the United States obtain Cuba and Puerto Rico from Spain?
When did Cuba become independent?
What is the official status of Puerto Rico today?
What is a commonwealth?
What official status do Puerto Ricans have?
What right are they restricted from?
What nations have the largest African population in the region?
Where do many descendants of Asian plantation workers live?
What portion of that country’s people are East Indian?
Where do most of the few remaining Caribbean Indians live today?
What is the dependent factor that determines the predominate language of each Caribbean
country?
What is creole?
What is Papiamento?
Where is it spoken?
What religion do most people follow on the French and Spanish speaking islands?
Where are Protestant denominations prevalent?
Where is voodoo important?
What is voodoo?
What plays an important role in daily life of followers of voodoo?
What is Santeria?
Where did it begin?
How did Hinduism and Islam reach these islands?
What statistic is proof of the mass migration of Puerto Ricans to the mainland USA?
What kind of economy does Cuba have?
What is Caricom?
What is the purpose of Caricom?
Which major nation of the region is not a member of Caricom?
When did Fidel Castro come to power in Cuba?
41. What action did the United States take as a result of Castro taking control?
42. What industry seems to hold the key to future progress in the region?
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12-1 Natural Environments of South America
How many nations comprise South America?
What is the largest nation geographically?
What are the nations of South America?
What diverse areas are present in South America?
What is the greatest mountain range of South America?
What is the highest peak of these mountains and how high does it rise?
What created the Andes?
What causes volcanic eruptions and earthquakes in South America?
What is the Altiplano?
What does Altiplano mean in Spanish?
What is the largest freshwater lake of the Altiplano?
What is largest saltwater lake of the region?
Where are the Guiana Highlands located?
What are the Tepuis?
What is significant about Angel Falls?
What is the largest plain of South America?
What is the Llanos?
What does Llanos mean in Spanish?
Where does the Gran Chaco lie?
What does Chaco mean?
What are the Pampas?
Where is Patagonia?
What is Tierra del Fuego?
What three rivers drain the eastern part of the continent?
How long is the Amazon?
What is special about the Amazon?
How far up the Amazon can ocean-going ships navigate?
What is significant about the Amazon Rain Forest?
How much rain falls there each year?
How many elevation zones can the central and northern Andes be divided into?
What are those zones and what elevations do they cover?
What is the tree line?
What animals are unique to the Andes?
What kind of climate does Chile’s central region have?
Why do relatively few animals live in Patagonia?
What is the driest region of South America?
Where is it?
How often does the El Nino weather pattern occur?
What happens during this weather pattern?
What is the La Nina weather pattern?
Where have new gold and silver deposits been found?
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Which South American country is the largest producer and exporter of copper?
What mineral resources does Brazil have?
What gem is Colombia famous for?
Where are the largest oil reserves found in South America?
What nation has large deposits of tar sands?
What are tar sands?
Why is oil production from tar sands so expensive?
12-2 History and Culture of South America
1. When did farming first begin in South America?
2. Who were the Chibcha?
3. What were they known for?
4. How large was the Incan Empire at its height?
5. What was the capital of the Incan Empire?
6. What Incan farming techniques are still used today?
7. Which Spanish conquistador conquered the Inca?
8. Where did the Spanish build a new capital city?
9. How did the Spanish divide their newly conquered lands?
10. What was the effect of European diseases on the native population?
11. What were latifundia?
12. Who were the Guarani?
13. How did the Spanish expand settlement in this area?
14. What cities of the sugar and slavery era remain?
15. Why were many Spanish colonies of South America able to gain independence between 1810
and 1830?
16. What inspired colonial leaders to move for independence?
17. How were the borders of these new nations determined?
18. Why was the buffer state of Uruguay formed?
19. What is a buffer state?
20. How did Brazil achieve independence?
21. What is a coup?
22. What is an example of the common nature of coups in South America?
23. Which South American country has the highest percentage of South American Indians?
24. Which country has the highest percentage of mestizos?
25. While most of South American speaks Spanish, what is the official language in Brazil?
26. What is the name for the traditional Incan language?
27. Where is this language most commonly heard today?
28. What is Portunol?
29. What is the predominate religion of South America today?
30. Where is it more likely to find people practicing traditional Indian religions today?
31. What is manioc?
32. Who are Llaneros?
33. Who are gauchos?
11– 3 South America Today
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What economic designation is assigned to all of the countries of South America?
Which countries have the strongest economies?
What are minifundia?
When were the minifundia created?
What is the basis of much of the poverty and unrest in South America?
What country leads the world in coffee production?
Which country is second in coffee production?
What has become another major export crop for Colombia?
Why are Chilean fresh fruits and vegetables popular in the United States?
What agricultural exports does Argentina specialize in?
How did the port city of Manaus begin?
What was rubber used for?
How did the demand for rubber change that?
What mineral resources are found in South America?
What trend threatens the region’s unique plant and animal life?
What is Mercosur?
What does Mercosur mean in Spanish?
What countries have full membership in Mercosur?
What are some push factors that are driving people away from rural areas of South America?
What are some pull factors that are pulling people to move to cities in South America?
Where do the urban poor often live?
What are the slums of Venezuela called?
What are the slums of Chile called?
What are the slums of Brazil called?
What issues continue to create tension in the region?
What treats are there to the rain forest?
What is soil exhaustion?
What does the term landlocked mean?
Which South American country is landlocked?
What is terrorism?
Where is terrorism common in South America?
What group uses terrorism there to discourage voting?