JAMES MEREDITH
RHJ Center
26 March 2007
HISTORY OF THE BLACK/WHITE RACE ISSUE IN THE UNITED STATES
By James H. Meredith
Slavery is as old as human civilization. Until the 19th century it was the main system used to
provide the labor needed to produce individual and group profits. Slavery was not a black or white thing.
Most of the people in Greece were slaves and 90% of all people living in the Roman Empire for over 800
years were slaves.
In 1492, slavery was so much of a reality of European life that the contract granted to Columbus
read as follows: “Your commission is to discover and conquer the land, claim the territory for the Crown,
enslave the people, and establish Spanish colonies.” Signed by the King and Queen of Spain.
Columbus kept a detailed log of his trip: “On 12 October 1492, we landed on the islands of the
Bahamas. After a prayer, I ordered the captains and the Crown’s representatives to bear witness that I
was taking possession for the King and Queen of Spain. No sooner had we concluded when the people
began to come to the beach. I ordered my soldiers to capture some of them to carry with me.”
On Christmas Day 1492, Columbus established the first European colony in America, just 44
days after the first landing. The precedence set by Columbus in the New World was continued by Spain
and in less than 50 years almost all of South America, the Caribbean and much of North America had
been conquered, the people enslaved and colonized by Spain.
There was little serious challenge to Spain’s domination of the Americas for 100 years, until after
1588, when the English defeated the Spanish Armada ending Spain’s complete domination of the
oceans.
The pattern of conquer, enslavement and colonization was continued for the next 100 years
with little change by Spain and the other European powers.
The most important thing that made the Spanish conquest of the Americas so successful in such
a short time was the war horse. A Spanish soldier with a war horse and armor was equivalent then to an
Air Force pilot with a nuclear weapon.
It was the mastery of the horse by the Indians 200 years after the Spanish brought them to
Mexico that made it take 300 years for the Europeans to subdue North America, where it took 50 for the
Spanish to conquer South America.
After 200 years of domination of the New World by Spain, the other growing European nations
began the task of taking what they could in the New World. The big prize was North America. England
and France were the most successful and in the end England was the real victor. The most important
difference between the colonization practices of Spain and England was that Spain was looking for new
land to conquer and rob of its riches to take with them back to Spain. The English wanted to exploit,
conquer the land and enslave the people just like the Spanish. But, more importantly, England was
looking for a place to transplant their surplus people. The Spanish came to exploit and leave. The
English came to exploit and stay. The French came to do both but mostly they came to exploit.
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The great English movement to colonize America began in the late 1600s. This coincided with
the beginning of the Industrial Age. England was the first nation to experience the Industrial Revolution.
The Age of Agriculture had dominated human civilization during all the time of recorded history. Slave
labor was very suitable for agriculture and for societies ruled by monarchy, oligarchy and aristocracy.
However, slavery did not work well for industry and for Democratic forms of government.
It was relatively easy for the owners in the Age of Agriculture to feed and house the work force.
However, it was very difficult for the industrial owners to feed and house their work force.
More
importantly, it was too much of a contradiction for a worker to be bound by slavery, serfdom, forced labor
or other systems under which they were not free.
From the beginning, the English colonists coming to America brought with them white slaves.
The “persons bound to service for a term of years” made up to 80% of the work force in New England and
never less than 40%.
Black slaves made up only 10-20% of the work force in the New England states. White slaves
were still existing in the southern states when the Constitution was adopted.
The Development of Slavery as a Black Thing
Christopher Columbus can also be credited with being the person who caused slavery to become
a black thing. Columbus had learned the skill of navigation from the Portuguese on many, many trips to
Africa to capture Africans and bring them back to Europe into slavery. The Portuguese had been in the
slave business for over 100 years before 1492.
On his second (1493) and third (1498) voyages, Columbus had been so ruthless in capturing all
of the Indians and letting them be worked to death in the gold mines that by 1500, less than eight years,
almost all of the Indians were dead.
The priests who were required to go on each trip to convert the natives to Christianity pleaded
with the King of Spain and to the Pope to stop the cruelty. Finally, the Pope issued a Papal Bull declaring
that the enslavement of American Indians was illegal.
The King ordered Columbus to obey the order.
He refused. The King ordered Columbus arrested and put in prison and then appointed a high ranking
Church officer to replace Columbus as governor of America. The Spanish were already replacing the
dying Indians with African slaves. The Pope agreed with this policy and very soon African slaves were
being used in all large-scale agricultural pursuits. After Spain lost control of the seas, various European
nations set out to take the Spanish colonies. By the late 17th century most of the Spanish colonies in the
Caribbean had been taken, mostly by the English and French. All of these colonies were already using
African slaves for most of the work.
England was by this time also fully engaged in the process of colonizing the North American
continent along with the French, the Dutch and other European nations.
By 1763, when the English finally defeated the French, they were masters of North America. Not
for long, however, because the American colonists rebelled and in 1776 drove the British out.
The thirteen colonies became a confederation of states. The southern states had laws making
black slavery permanent. White slaves were required to fulfill their contracts but must be set free when
their contract was fulfilled. But there was no national law on slavery.
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In 1787, black slavery was made the law of the land by the Constitution of the United States of
America. It was the main part of the “Great Compromise” which made it possible for the Constitution to
be adopted. Article 1, Section 2: “Representatives and direct taxes shall be determined, by adding to the
whole number of the Free Persons, including those bound to service for a term of years…three-fifths of all
other persons.”
In 1791, the slaves in Haiti rebelled and killed all of the whites on the island. There was already
much fear existing where there were slaves anywhere in the world. The fear now turned to panic which
would not end until slavery was no longer.
In 1793, however, money proved to be more cherished than safety. The upper South was about
ready to discontinue slavery because it was no longer profitable.
The Industrial Revolution was on the fast track in England. The spinning equipment could only
run at half capacity. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, black slaves tripled in price and cotton prices
grew even faster.
The slave issue became the biggest thing facing the new nation. It was not really the black slave
issue. It was the issue of free labor needed for the Industrial Age versus the slave labor of one half of the
nation. America had by now become second only to England in the growth of industry.
The United States started out under the new Constitution equally composed of states whose
economy was based on free labor and slave labor. They tried hard to keep the balance between slave
labor and free labor states.
In 1820, the Missouri Compromise on the slavery issue admitted Missouri to the Union as a slave
state but forbade any states to be admitted above the southern border of Missouri. The struggle was now
on free labor versus slave labor. Would America become industrial or would it remain Agrarian forever?
The 1850 Compromise – could the Union be saved? The Congress of the United States enacted
this legislation in a last ditch effort to keep the South in the Union. There were several components,
however, the Fugitive Slave Law was the one that had the biggest consequences.
It repealed the
Missouri Compromise which had favored free labor.
In 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed which allowed the people of the territory to decide
if they wanted to become admitted as a slave or free state. The Act resulted in a five year Civil War in the
territory. The free labor supporters were looking like sure winners and the South was having no part of
this outcome.
The Dred Scott United States Supreme Court Decision on the Slavery Issue – 1857
The court held: “Our government was founded by white men, for white men only, and blacks have
no rights which the white man was bound to respect. A black – slave or free – was not and could never
become a citizen of the United States.”
The court further held: “The government of the United States of America cannot make laws
outlawing slavery in the territory of the United States.”
There is no doubt that Dred Scott is the most important case in American history in the
progression of making slavery exclusively a black thing.
I firmly believe further that except for the
decision in Dred Scott in 1857, the former black slaves would not have been made citizens in the United
States at the close of the Civil War.
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Slavery as a system of labor supply could not live without devouring millions of acres of land.
The great profits from the use of slave labor came from large, one crop operations – cotton, sugar cane,
coffee – which always depleted the soil in a short time.
The root of Dred Scott began in 1787 before the Constitution was adopted. The last Act passed
by the Congress of the Confederation of States was the Northwest Territory Act which forbade slavery in
the territory.
The Supreme Court had stayed out of the slavery question for 70 years and let the politicians
deal with it. Chief Justice Taney, who had been appointed to fill Chief Justice Marshall’s place when he
died in 1835 by President Jackson, a southerner like Taney, Jackson was also the biggest speculator in
the new land acquired by the United States in the history of the country.
President Andrew Jackson is well known for being the greatest American fighter of Indian Wars
and moving them all west of the Mississippi River which are certainly true facts. Few people, however,
know much about many of the other things he did.
Andrew Jackson was the most effective white
supremacist in history. He not only took all of the Indian lands east of the Mississippi River, more
importantly, he set up the ground work having most of the Indians reclassified as black.
Jackson made the “one drop” rule a working reality for the measure of who was white and who
was black. Virginia passed laws back in the 17th century saying that mixed persons with black and white
blood were automatically black. For example, if a white woman had a baby by a black slave, she would
then legally become black and the property of the owner of the slave. In addition, all future children of
that woman would be black and slave even those fathered by a white man and themselves 100% white.
Andrew Jackson and Thomas Hinds, who was also a two-star general who fought alongside
Jackson in the Indian Wars, devised a plan to not only take the land from the Indians but reclassify the
Indians in order to make them slaves. This had to be done since the Pope’s Papal Bull made Indian
slavery illegal 30 years before it was politically incorrect to enslave Indians. This was particularly true in
Catholic areas like the Mississippi Territory – over 200 years of Spanish control and the Louisiana
Territory – under French control for over 100 years. But, it was not politically incorrect to enslave blacks.
General Hinds, whom Hinds County is named for, (the capitol city of Jackson was named for
General Andrew Jackson), was not only a big land speculator like Jackson, he was also big in the slave
business. After the defeat of the Creek Indians, he marched thousands of captured Creek – men, women
and children – back to Mississippi to be slaves on his vast lands and to sell to others.
The two generals knowing that the territory would soon become states had the Mississippi
Constitution drawn up in advance. In Virginia law and the laws of other southern states, in order to
reclassify a person from white to black required proof that the black blood was there. Jackson and Hinds
established in the Constitution that there could only be two classifications for people in the state of
Mississippi – white which meant free and black which meant slave. The effectiveness of the plan was in
the proof. Under Mississippi law every person had to prove that they were 100% white or they were
automatically classified as black. Mississippi was the only state where a black could not be legally set
free. If an owner freed a slave in Mississippi he had to get out of Mississippi because if he was caught by
another he became that man’s slave.
Equally important in the scheme of Jackson and Hinds was their plan to get the laws in place to
make legal their plan to move the Indians across the Mississippi River and take all of the land which was
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protected by treaty. When Jackson was elected President in 1828, they drew up legislation that was to
be passed by the Mississippi legislature the day after Jackson was sworn in. This was done. Jackson
knew that the Supreme Court would rule that the states could not overrule a treaty, which it did.
President Jackson kept to his plan to take the position that he as Commander of the Military would
enforce the laws of the states to move the Indians. However, their greater plan was not to move most of
the Indians but to reclassify them as slave under his plan of the “one drop” rule.
President Andrew Jackson’s response to the ruling by the United States Supreme Court holding
that the treaties between the U.S. government and the Indians must be obeyed was: “The Supreme Court
has ruled. Now let them enforce their ruling.” Then he moved the Indians. However, General Hinds
posted his troops at every crossing point along the Mississippi River and kept most of them from leaving
Mississippi and according to plan, they automatically became slaves.
The Abolitionist Movement played a role in the development of the black/white race issue in the
USA. by bringing the question of morality into it. White Supremacy was a question on which most all
European whites agreed. However, the question of one man being the property of another man was
troubling to some as to its moral correctness.
In 1837, a newspaper editor was lynched by a mob for writing anti-slavery editorials. In 1940, the
abolitionists founded the Liberty Party and ran candidates for President in 1840 and 1844. In 1848, they
strongly supported the Republican Party candidates. This continued up to the start of the Civil War, all
through the war, and into the period immediately following the war.
The abolitionists were themselves believers in White Supremacy but did not believe in the
practice of slavery. This moral aspect on the slavery issue was very effective in winning supporters for
the free labor economic system and created great anger and fear in the slave labor forces. Of course,
most of the abolitionists were from New England and England where the Industrial Revolution was the
most advanced in the world.
It is important to note that the Abolitionist Movement began during the time President Andrew
Jackson was in the White House and at the time he made Taney Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
Property is the essential requirement of all economic systems. Private ownership of property is
the main requirement for capitalism. Human labor is always required in order to make a profit.
Can a
human being be the property of another human being?
The history of mankind had forever answered: “Yes.” However, for centuries philosophers and
rulers had toiled with the question – is it morally right for a man to own another? The answer was always,
“No.” But why change?
Under the agrarian system there was no practical reason to change. The use of slave labor was
more profitable than free labor. Free labor was more profitable for industry because if workers were
property, the owners had to take care of their basic needs which reduced the profits.
What Taney did in Dred Scott was to ignore the moral issue and go to the question of contract.
Indeed, the Constitution of the United States was a contract between the states. “My ruling is what the
contract says and it can not be broken or altered except as permitted by the document itself.”
The country went to war against itself in 1861. The free labor industrial north defeated the slave
labor agricultural south. President Lincoln was re-elected and killed making it possible for the moral issue
of human beings as property to dominate the nation for a brief period of time. Taney in Dred Scott had
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clearly told the North what it had to do to change the Constitutional contract and the Congress did it with
the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. The so-called Reconstruction Period followed but
was short-lived.
By 1875, the former leaders of the Confederate states during the Civil War succeeded in
organizing a secret army which ran the Federal Occupation troops out of the South.
They set about the task of establishing White Supremacy as a legal and official rule of the South.
They had succeeded years before in making White Supremacy the reality of life after slavery by using the
same Secret Army to subdue the black citizens through the use of violence and fear.
Immediately after the end of the conflict, many attempts to White Supremacy legal through state
laws and new state constitutions were all declared unconstitutional until the Mississippi Constitution of
1890 was approved by the federal government and sanctioned by the Supreme Court. The very same
Mississippi Constitution passed in 1890 is still the law of the land in Mississippi and holds the honor of
being the second oldest constitution still in affect in the world. Only the United States Constitution is
older.
Within a few years every Southern state had adopted constitutions modeled after the Mississippi
Constitution.
This White Supremacy theme worked because just about every European of white
description believed that the white race was superior to all other races, especially the black race.
Most of the other Southern states were more sophisticated than white Mississippi. They called
their thing “segregation” instead of White Supremacy like Mississippi. A very smart move on the part of
the white South. So smart in fact that every state in the Union – North and South – adopted the practice
of making black persons second class citizens, either de jure or de facto. No exceptions.
Ten years after the war, White Supremacy had been fully established as the law of the land in all
of the United States of America, under the politically accepted title of segregation. The move now was to
make the existing reality of White Supremacy the legal and official law of the land.
In 1896, the Supreme Court of the United States stepped up to the plate and was very well
prepared to put the question to rest. The case was well set up to settle the issue of who could be white
as well as sanctioning the tool used in order to put the black race in its place. Louisiana was the venue
where the question of who was black and everything in between. Mississippi’s “one drop” rule would rule
the day.
The test case was drawn around a person who was so white that neither black nor white could
have any suspicion that he was a non-white person. In New Orleans, even where he was known not to
be a white, he was not a black; he was one of the 32 different classifications that were before used to
classify mixed persons by skin color or shades.
The Supreme Court ruled that White Supremacy, under the guise of segregation, was
constitutional. The question of who was white and who was not was answered once and forever.
More importantly, Plessy relegated the whole issue of the Black White Race to the Supreme
Court exclusively. From then until now, over 111 years, in spite of the fact that three or four Civil Rights
Bills have been passed by the Congress since then.
The significance of the race issue being relegated to the court system is because political
decisions are always made instantly when it becomes law and court decisions can be made for change to
occur very slowly. The Plessy decision made the reality of White Supremacy and non-white inferiority
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permanent. It also made the fact of dual citizenship in the United States which was exactly the opposite
of what the founding fathers had in mind when they adopted the Constitution.
The principal reason for the colonies fighting the war for independence was because of the dual
citizenship of England. If the English had been ready to grant the American colonists the same status as
the citizens in England, the colonists would not have rebelled when they did.
WWI – WWII – The Korean War – Vietnam – The War Against Terror
Just about every change of policy by the United States has resulted from outside international
pressure. The Constitution stipulated that the slave trade (not slavery) must be discontinued in 1808.
This date was required by England because of their plan to colonize Africa and this could not be done as
long as the African slaves could be brought to the Americas and sold. However, slavery was still legal
and slaves already outside of Africa could be bought, sold, and moved. In fact, during the last 100 years
of slavery only ships flying the American flag could transport slaves from place to place. These were
orders of England. England was master of the oceans and every ship they caught in international waters,
except American, was stopped, the slaves taken by the British and resettled in Sierra Leone.
The Brown Decision – following WWII the United States became the undisputed master of the
world of capitalism.
White Supremacy and black inferiority had become an unquestioned reality
worldwide. Prior to the Dred Scott ruling the justification for enslavement was conquest and subjugation.
Even the black slaves brought from Africa were all captured in tribal wars. However, when England
decided to make subjects of its work force instead of slaves, they shut down the slave trade. And used
their control of the seas to enforce it, the justification of conquest was no longer valid for the enslavement
of human beings. The issue became morality.
How Good or How Bad Was Proper Treatment for the Black Work Force?
Many things happened between Plessy in 1896 and the Brown Decision 58 years later. In 1898,
the United States defeated Spain and took what was left of its dominion built up over the previous 400
years in the Americas. Most of the work force in these territories – Philippines, Puerto Rico and Cuba –
were non-white.
In 1914, the USA entered the war in Europe.
Many blacks went overseas in Europe and
experienced life in countries where most of the people were white, the rulers as well as the workers.
However, the status quo of the White Supremacy and black inferiority was totally entrenched with all
Europeans, therefore, race was not even an item that needed to be addressed.
After WWII, which had not only given European experience many blacks had migrated from the
rural south so big cities and some industrialists were using blacks as their workers and the white workers
were not going to have this. In 1919, many riots broke out in cities killing and displacing many blacks –
Chicago, East St. Louis, Philadelphia and Houston were sites of some of the worst. The fear factor which
had existed for 500 years regarding blacks in the agriculture setting now moved to the cities. More
importantly, the fear of the white work force was that they may be replaced by blacks.
After England had made its plan of stopping the slave trade and making the whole of Africa a
colony by the early 1800s, the other European powers wanted their cut. In the late 1800s, through
various treaties and the international conference in Berlin, the whole continent
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was officially divided between the nations of Europe. When the Germans lost WWII, all of their portions
were taken from Germany and given to the victors.
1933 – Hitler rose up in Germany with his plan of redefining who could be the beneficiary of White
Supremacy. Many Europeans who had thought they were safely in the group found that they were
outside of the circle. When WWII was over, the moral question was alive again after Hitler had been
defeated and the circle of White Supremacy had been enlarged again.
They wondered what
improvements they might be able to allow to the black without threatening their benefit from White
Supremacy.
Before the United States entered WWII, President Franklin Roosevelt appointed a commission to
study the potential enemies within the event that the United States would enter the war. One of my
professors at Columbia Law School was on that commission and let me read the report. The commission
decided the potential enemies within were: (1) The Japanese who should be put in concentration camps;
(2) The Italians some of which should be put away and others watched very closely; (3) The Germans
who were mostly scattered in the mid-west and not concentrated in the cities like the Italians should be
contained and carefully watched; and (4) The Negro – who the commission decided could be kept loyal
by a promise of a chance for improving their condition. They advised FDR to promote one black general
in the Army, appoint one high level black in the Pentagon and create two seats in the Congress for
blacks, one east of the Mississippi River and one west of the Mississippi River. Make a general promise
to help the black and the blacks would be no problem.
The most important thing that came out of WWII was that the United States became clearly the
most powerful nation in the west. Equally important was the fact that the Soviet Union was the great
power in the Cold War which was primarily a propaganda war. The status of blacks in American was
crucial to the competition for world dominance.
1954 – The Supreme Court following the FDR formula for dealing with the Negro question issued
the Brown decision. Brown clearly upheld the legality of White Supremacy while maintaining the promise
of gradually improving the conditions of life for the black inferiors.
Plessy had ruled 42 years earlier that White Supremacy could be exercised under the label of
segregation.
Brown ruled that White Supremacy could no longer be exercised under the label of
segregation. It must now be called desegregation. However, don’t change the nomenclature just yet.
After more arguments you will know when segregation stops and desegregation begins. Go out and
celebrate your victory until you hear from us again.
1955 – Brown Decision II.
Okay Negro, get happy because we have decided that White
Supremacy must start to begin to end “with all deliberate speed.” The victors celebrated for a few years
about this historic chance for changes and for the last 52 years the best legal minds and leaders have
been debating what “with all deliberate speed” means. It simply means White Supremacy forever.
The 21st Century
Some are now saying that WWII has already begun in the Middle East. If it is so, I definitely want
to be on the winning team. The best system of government ever put forward was the one put together by
General George Washington and the founding fathers in 1787. Nothing is a greater testament to the fact
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that the ideals of the founding fathers have not been made whole than the position of the black citizen in
America.
The fate of nations used to be determined by their borders and how they could defend them. No
more. The fate of nations today and into the future will be decided by the degree to which the nation
practices what it preaches.
America must now make real the promise of equality for all citizens. The measure will be now
and into the future how long the Western Christian Civilization countries try to hold on to White
Supremacy.
The play on words that is dominating the debate presently is not going to work to solve our
problems. All over America and the Western World the discussion is all about “RACISM.” Racism is not
and has never been the problem. The issue is White Supremacy as was clearly stated in the first legal
and official Constitution establishing it as the law of Mississippi in 1890. The promoters of the debate
about racism know very well that all human beings are equally guilty of the charge of racism.
The present use of language will not work to maintain the reality of White Supremacy in America
and the Western World.
Most of the focus on the American system of government is on the three branches – Executive,
Congressional (Legislative) and Judicial. There is another branch in the American system which is more
important than any other branch – the press.
How has the press dealt with the Black White Race issue since 1789? Until the end of the Civil
War in 1865, the press remained a state organ.
There was no national press.
The war changed
everything because the United States became two nations at war and for four years the press of each
nation followed one position: the North free labor and the South slave labor.
Following the Civil War, the press remained sectional for the next 70 years until WWII. By the
end of WWII, the national media had taken sway over national issues. During the Civil War crisis, the
South set out to make every white feel as if they were descendants of the slave holding class. Nothing
could have been further from the truth. Nevertheless, the program was completely successful.
The Black White race issue became more and more important in the industrial North as the
millions of white Europeans were being recruited to come to the United States to provide labor for the
Industrial Revolution. More important was the issue of Democracy.
By 1875, it was crystal clear that the black was not going to be allowed to participate in the
Democratic process in the South. Many industrialists were beginning to recruit blacks from the rural
South to come to the cities to work in the industries. The race question became as critical in the North as
it had been in the South.
The national media set out to make every European feel that they were the descendants of the
former slave holding class, particularly, after WWII when the opponents of the United States were to use
the race issue to divide America.
The need was to make the American white a solid block of believers in White Supremacy, even if
they were unaware that they had the same belief. They were more successful than even the South had
been during the Civil War. The campaign was so successful that not only were all whites made converts:
all Americans of every description, including the blacks became complete believers in White Supremacy.
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The national press knowing that “with all deliberate speed” meant White Supremacy forever,
exactly the same thing said in plain language by Governor George Wallace and Governor Ross Barnett:
“Segregation today, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever.” They both knew segregation was
on its way out. What they were really saying is the very same thing that the national media was saying,
“White Supremacy is here to stay.”
Brown I said that segregation should end. Brown II said a year later that desegregation should
begin “with all deliberate speed.” After another decade of no significant change the media said we’ve got
to do something to “keep hope alive.” WOW! We will call it integration instead of desegregation. They
knew that integration continued the status quo of White Supremacy exactly the same as segregation and
desegregation. In order to segregate, desegregate or integrate, you have to start with two categories of
citizens, one superior and the other inferior. Everything remains exactly the same.
After another decade, the integration theme grew pale and the so-called black underclass in the
cities became the focus of national media. The black bourgeoisie said to national media, we don’t want to
be classified black anymore as white folks may identify us with this black underclass.
Okay! We will call you African-American which you know means second class citizens by your
own admission.
The black bourgeoisie said okay, we will go for that if you create a small set-aside for
the black and make us keeper of the set-aside gate.
Now, after 25 years of self-acknowledged second-classism through the use of the term AfricanAmerican, the national media now realized that the man in the street has peeped the deal. The national
media came up with the term “racism.”
Today, you turn on the television, read the papers, listen to the radio, click on the internet and you
can watch for hours the media magnets and the black “leaders” debating the issue of racism. As a tool
for perpetuating White Supremacy this is the best. Segregation, desegregation and integration have
maintained it for 131 years so far. Racism, if allowed to continue dominating the debate on the Black
White Race issue, will enable White Supremacy to easily go on for another 300 years without measurable
change.
The national media knows full well that every human being is equally guilty of racism. They also
know that any discussion of racism requires the automatic acceptance of two distinctly different classes of
citizens – white superior and black interior.
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