AMERICAN HISTORY
CHAPTER 13
PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT
BOARD QUESTION
1) WHAT IS PROGRESSIVISM?
2) WHAT PARTY DID PROGRESSIVES
SUPPORT?
3) WHAT WAS A MUCKRAKER?
4) WHAT WERE THE IDEAS OF THE
EFFICIENT PROGRESSIVES?
5) WHAT WAS THE COMMISSION PLAN?
BOARD QUESTION
1) WHO WAS ROBERT LA FOLLETTE?
2) WHAT IS DIRECT PRIMARY?
3) WHAT IS INITIATIVE?
4) WHAT IS REFERENDUM?
5) WHAT IS RECALL?
BOARD QUESTION
1) WHAT IS SUFFRAGE?
2) WHY DID WOMEN BECOME POLITICLY
ACTIVE?
3) WHAT AMENDMENT GAVE WOMEN THE
RIGHT TO VOTE?
4) WHAT IS TEMPERANCE?
5) WHAT IS PROHIBITION?
BOARD QUESTIONS
1) WHO WAS UPTON SINCLAIR?
2) WHAT WAS THE MEAT INSPECTION ACT?
3) WHAT WAS THE PURE FOOD AND DRUG
ACT?
4) WHICH PRESIDENT WAS KNOWN AS A
CONSERVATIONIST?
5) HOW MANY FEDERAL RESERVES DID
ROOSEVELT ESTABLISH?
BOARD QUESTION
1) WHAT PARTY DID TEDDY ROOSEVELT
START?
2) WHO BECAME PRESIDENT IN 1912?
3) WHAT DOES THE 16TH AMENDMENT
STATE?
4) WHAT WAS THE UNDERWOOD TARIFF?
5) WHAT SET WILSON APART FROM
ROOSEVELT?
PROGRESSIVISM
• PROGRESSIVISM - WAS NOT A TIGHTLY
ORGANIZED POLITICAL MOVEMENT
WITH A SPECIFIC SET OF REFORMS.
• INSTEAD IT WAS A COLLECTION OF
DIFFERENT IDEAS AND ACTIVITIES.
• PROGRESSIVES BELIEVED
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANISM
HAD CREATED MANY SOCIAL
PROBLEMS.
PROGRESSIVISM
• A PROGRESSIVE COULD BELONG TO
EITHER PARTY. THEY WERE USUALLY
FROM URBAN AREAS AND MIDDLE CLASS.
• PROGRESSIVISM WAS A REACTION TO
LAISSEZ-FAIRE ECONOMICS AND ITS
EMPHASIS ON AN UNREGULATED
MARKET.
PROGRESSIVISM
• PROGRESSIVES HAD SEEN THE
POVERTY OF THE WORKING CLASS,
FILTH AND CRIME OF THE URBAN
SOCIETY.
• PROGRESSIVES DOUBTED THE FREE
MARKETS ABILITY TO ADRESS THE
PROBLEM.PROGRESSIVES ALSO
DOUBTED THE GOVERNMENTS
WILLINGNESS AND ABILITY TO FIX THE
PROBLEM.
PROGRESSIVISM
• PROGRESSIVES BELIEVED THE ONLY
WAY TO FIX THESE SOCIAL PROBLEMS
WAS TO CHANGE GOVERNMENT FIRST.
• PROGRESSIVES HAD LIVED IN A TIME OF
GREAT SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENT.
• THE LIGHT BULB, TELEPHONE, SKY
SCRAPERS, AUTOMOBILE, AND
AIRPLANE. PROGRESSIVES BELIEVED
THESE INVENTIONS HAD CHANGED
SOCIETY FOR THE BETTER.
PROGRESSIVISM
• PROGRESSIVES BELIEVED THESE SAME
SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES USED IN
INVENTIONS COULD BE USED TO FIX
SOCIAL ISSUES.
• THIS IS A LOT LIKE THE
ENLIGHTENMENT AGE OF EUROPE. THE
IDEA OF USING SCIENCE TO CHANGE
THE FUNCTION OF GOVERNMENT.
MUCKRACKER
• MUCKRAKERS - WERE CRUSADING
JOURNALISTS WHO INVESTIGATED
SOCIAL CONDITIONS AND POLITICAL
CORRUPTION.
• IN THE EARLY 1900’S, AMERICAN
PUBLISHERS WERE COMPETING TO SEE
WHO COULD EXPOSE THE MOST
CORRUPTION AND SCANDAL.
MUCKRACKERS
• THESE PUBLICATIONS LOOK FOR
CORRUPTION IN BIG BUSINESS,
GOVERNMENT, POLITICAL MACHINES,
AND SOCIAL ISSUES.(MUCKRAKERS)
• THESE JOURNALIST ARTICLES LED TO
GENERAL PUBLIC DEBATE ON SOCIAL
AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AND PUT
PRESSURE ON POLITICIANS TO
INTRODUCE REFORMS.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
PROGRESSIVIST
• THERE WERE DIFFERENT TYPES OF
PROGRESSIVES.
• EFFICIENCY PROGRESSIVES
GOVERNMENT TO BE MORE EFFICIENT.
• THEY BELIEVE MANY SOCIAL ISSUES
WOULD BE FIXED IF GOVERNMENT
WORKED PROPERLY.
• THEY BELIEVED GOVERNMENT COULD
BECOME MORE EFFICIENT BY USING
COMMISSION PLAN
• COMMISSION PLAN - A CITY
GOVERNMENT WOULD BE SEPARATED
INTO SEVERAL DEPARTMENTS, WHICH
WOULD BE PLACED UNDER THE
CONTROL OF AN EXPERT
COMMISSIONER.
• A BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS WOULD
SELECT THE SPECIALIST TO RUN THE
CITY.
LABORATORY OF
DEMOCRACY
• ROBERT LA FOLLETTE - BELIEVED THAT
PARTY BOSSES HAD TO MUCH
CONTROL OVER WHO WAS ELECTED.
• LA FOLLETTE BELIEVED DEMOCRACY
WAS BASED UPON KNOWLEDGE. THE
ONLY WAY TO BEAT THE BOSS IS TO
KEEP THE PEOPLE THOROUGHLY
INFORMED.
LABORATORY OF
DEMOCRACY
• DIRECT PRIMARY - IN WHICH ALL
PARTY MEMBERS COULD VOTE FOR A
CANDIDATE TO RUN IN THE GENERAL
ELECTION.
• INITIATIVE - ALLOWED A GROUP OF
CITIZENS TO INTRODUCE
LEGISLATION AND REQUIRED THE
LEGISLATURE TO VOTE ON IT.
LABORATORY OF
DEMOCRACY
• REFERENDUM - ALLOWED PROPOSED
LEGISLATION TO BE SUBMITTED TO
THE VOTERS FOR APPROVAL.
• RECALL - ALLOWED VOTERS TO
DEMAND A SPECIAL ELECTION TO
REMOVE AN ELECTED OFFICIAL FROM
OFFICE BEFORE HIS OR HER TERM HAD
EXPIRED.
THE SUFFRAGE
MOVEMENT
• THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT
HAD BEEN GOING SINCE THE
BEGINNING OF THE U.S.
• WOMEN WHO WANTED THE RIGHT TO
VOTE WERE SEEN AS IMMORAL AND
UNFEMININE BY SOME CRITICS.
• WOMEN SUFFRAGE MOVEMENTS
JOINED THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT
BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR.
14 & 15 AMENDMENT
• WITH THE PASSING OF THE 14 AND 15
AMENDMENTS MANY SUFFRAGIST
BELIEVED WOMEN WOULD GET THE
RIGHT TO VOTE AS WELL, BUT
REPUBLICANS REFUSED.
• WOMEN DID NOT MAKE SIGNIFICANT
GAINS UNTIL 1910, WHEN MIDDLE
CLASS WOMEN BEGAN TO BECOME
POLITICLY ACTIVE WITH THE
PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT.
THE 19TH
AMENDMENT
• 19TH AMENDMENT - IN 1920
CONGRESS PASSED THIS GIVING
WOMEN THE RIGHT TO VOTE.
• GREAT WOMENT SUFFRAGIST - ABIGAIL
ADAMS, ELIZABETH CADY STANTON,
SUSAN B. ANTHONY, LUCY STONE,
JULIA WAED HOWE, ALICE PAUL, AND
CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT.
CHILD LABOR
• CHILDREN HAD ALWAYS WORKED ON
FAMILY FARMS BUT FACTORY WORK
WAS MUCH MORE DANGEROUS FOR
CHILDREN.
• IN 1900 - 1.7 MILLION CHILDREN
WORKED OUTSIDE THE HOME.
• IN 1904 A CHILD LABOR COMMITTEE
WAS FORMED.
PROHIBITION
• TEMPERANCE - ADVOCATED THE
MODERATION OR ELIMINATION OF
ALCOHOL.
• THIS MOVEMENT WAS LEAD BY
MOSTLY WOMEN. THEY BELIEVE MEN
DRINKING ALCOHOL IN SALOONS
LEAD TO PROBLEMS IN SOCIETY.
PROHIBITION
• PROHIBITION - LAWS BANNING THE
MANUFACTURE, SALE, AND
CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL.
• MANY CHRISTIAN GROUPS BELIEVED
THIS WAS A GREAT WAY TO HELP
AMERICAN SOCIETY.
TEDDY ROOSEVELT
• SQUARE DEAL - ROOSEVELT’S
DOMESTIC POLICY, IN WHICH IN 1904
HE STATED HE WOULD MAKE SURE
EVERY MAN HAD A SQUARE DEAL, NO
MORE AND NO LESS.
• ROOSEVELT BELIEVED IN SOCIAL
DARWINISM AND PROGRESSIVE
REFORM. HE BELIEVED PROGRESSIVE
REFORM WOULD HELP THE U.S.
COMPETE WITH OTHER NATIONS.
TEDDY ROOSEVELT
• THE TRUST BUSTER - ROOSEVELT
WANTED A WAY TO SUPERVISE BIG
BUSINESS IN ORDER TO MAKE SURE
THESE TRUST HAD THE PUBLIC
INTEREST IN MIND WHEN MAKING
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS.
• NORTHERN SECURITIES V. THE U.S. IS
THE CASE WERE NEWSPAPERS BEGAN
CALLING ROOSEVELT A TRUSTBUSTER.
DEPARTMENT OF
COMMERCE AND
LABOR
• IN 1903 TEDDY ROOSEVELT
CONVINCED CONGRESS TO CREATE
THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
AND LABOR.
• BUREAU OF CORPORATIONS - WAS A
DEPARTMENT OF THE COMMERCE AND
LABOR. THAT COULD WATCH
CORPORATIONS ACTIVITIES.
U.S. STEEL
• BECAUSE OF THE CREATION OF THE
BUREAU OF CORPORATIONS U.S. STEEL
A HUGE HOLDING COMPANY FEARED
BEING BROKEN UP.
• U.S. STEEL AGREED TO OPEN THEIR
BOOKS TO THE GOVERNMENT IF THE
GOVERNMENT HELPED THEM FIX
PROBLEMS IN PRIVATE.
BUREAU OF
CORPORATIONS
• WITH OTHER HOLDING COMPANIES
ALSO SCARED OF BEING BROKEN UP
THEY TOO MADE GENTLEMEN’S
AGREEMENTS WITH PRESIDENT
ROOSEVELT. THE SAME WAY U.S. STEEL
DID.
• THIS ALLOWED ROOSEVELT TO
REGULATE COMMERCE WITH OUT
HURTING THE ECONOMY.
SOCIAL WELL BEING
• UPTON SINCLAIR - AUTHOR OF THE
JUNGLE. THIS BOOK DESCRIBED
SLAUGHTERHOUSES IN CHICAGO.
• “ THERE WOULD BE MEATED STORED
IN GREAT PILES IN ROOMS, AND THE
WATER FROM LEAKY ROOFS WOULD
DRIP OVER IT, AND THOUSANDS OF
RATS WOULD RACE UPON IT.”
MEAT INSPECTION
ACT
• MEAT INSPECTION ACT - AFTER PUBLIC
OUTRAGE FROM READING THE
JUNGLE TEDDY ROOSEVELT AND
CONGRESS PASSED THIS ACT.
• IT REQUIRED FEDERAL INSPECTION OF
MEAT SOLD THOUGH INTERSTATE
COMMERCE AND REQUIRED THE
AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT TO SET
STANDARDS OF CLEANLINESS IN MEAT
PACKING PLANTS.
THE PURE FOOD
AND DRUG ACT
• PATENT DRUGS WERE ALSO SOLD
WITH THE PUBLIC NOT KNOWING
WHAT WAS IN THEM AND IF THEY
WORKED.
• PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT - 1906
PROHIBITED THE MANUFACTURE,
SALE, OR SHIPMENT OF IMPURE OR
FALSELY LABELED FOOD AND DRUGS.
CONSERVATION
• TEDDY ROOSEVELT WAS A VERY
ENTHUSIASTIC OUTDOORSMEN. HE
WANTED TO MAKE SURE AMERICANS
BEAUTIFUL LANDSCAPE WOULD LAST
FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS.
• HE CREATED 5 NEW NATIONAL PARKS
AND 51 FEDERAL WILDLIFE
RESERVATIONS. ( OVER 100 MILLION
ACRES IN PROTECTED FOREST)
“SMILING BILL”TAFT
• PRESIDENT WILLIAM TAFT - HAD BEEN
APART OF TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S
ADMINISTRATION. HE WAS A CLOSE
AND TRUSTED FRIEND OF TEDDY
ROOSEVELT. WITH T. ROOSEVELT’S HELP
TAFT BECAME THE NEXT PRESIDENT
OF THE U.S. BEATING WILLIAM
JENNINGS BRYAN.
WILLIAM TAFT
• TAFT UNDERSTOOD THAT HE WAS
NOT THE SAME TYPE OF PERSON THAT
TEDDY ROOSEVELT WAS AND BECAUSE
OF THIS HE FEARED PEOPLE WOULD
NOT RESPECT HIM THE SAME WAY
THEY DID TEDDY.
• TAFT WENT HIS OWN WAY AS
PRESIDENT AGAINST MANY OF
ROOSEVELT’S IDEAS.
TAFT V. ROOSEVELT
• BECAUSE TAFT HAD WENT AGAINST
HIS IDEAS ROOSEVELT CAME BACK TO
THE U.S. FROM HIS WORLD TRAVELS TO
STOP HIS OLD FRIEND FROM
DESTROYING THE ECONOMY.
• IN FEBRUARY 1912 - TEDDY ROOSEVELT
ENTER THE PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN
AGAINST TAFT.
REPUBLICAN PARTY
• WITH TWO REPUBLICANS TRYING TO
WIN THE PRESIDENCY. THE
REPUBLICAN PARTY SPLIT.
• WILLIAM TAFT RECEIVED THE
REPUBLICAN NOMINATION AND
TEDDY ROOSEVELT STARTED THE BULL
MOOSE PARTY. “FIT AS A BULL MOOSE”
ELECTION OF 1912
• BECAUSE THE REPUBLICAN PARTY HAD
SPLIT, THERE VOTING POWER WAS
ALSO SPLIT ALLOWING WOODROW
WILSON TO BECOME PRESIDENT.
• PRESIDENT WILSON WAS AN
ACADEMIC WHO HAD ONLY BEEN IN
POLITICS FOR TWO YEARS BEFORE
BECOMING PRESIDENT.
INCOME TAX
• UNDERWOOD TARIFF - THIS LOWERED
THE TARIFF ON IMPORTED GOODS BY
ABOUT 30 PERCENT.
• 16TH AMENDMENT - WITH THE
PASSING OF THIS AMENDMENT AND
THE UNDERWOOD TARIFF THE
GOVERNMENT WAS NOW ALLOWED
TO TAX PEOPLES PERSONAL INCOME.