Topics for class test #3
1. Normal flora of human body:
a) name most common bacterial species colonizing oropharynx, skin, intestines, urethra,
b) what is the difference between transient and resident flora
c) what does it mean endogenous infection – give some examples
d) what does it mean opportunistic infection – give some examples and name predisposing factors
2. Fungi pathogenic for humans:
a) name yeasts pathogenic for humans and diseases they cause; how these infections are transmitted to
humans; how can we treat these disease; are there any predisposing factors?
b) mane most common molds pathogenic for humans and infections they produce; how these infections are
transmitted to humans; how can we treat these disease; are there any predisposing factors?
c) mane dimorphic fungi (and explain what does it mean dimorphic) and disease they cause; modes of
transmission
d) name genera comprising dermatophytes – what diseases they produce (give some examples), how they are
transmitted to humans, how to treat these infections
e) name fungi that most commonly cause: pneumonia, meningitidis, skin/nails/hair infections, blood infections,
genitourinary infections
3. Sterilization and disinfection:
a) name physical and chemical agents used for disinfection and sterilization
b) explain definitions: sterilization, disinfection, pasteurization
4. STD:
a) normal flora of the genitourinary tract
b) name etiologic agents of vaginitis and vaginosis
c) what does it mean ‘clue cells’, ‘whiff test’, how vaginosis is diagnosed, treated?
d) develop abbreviations: PID, NGU,
e) name etiologic agents of urethritis, cervicitis
f) name (full names) of bacteria, viruses and fungi transmitted via sexual contact
g) name most important virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae and diseases it produces, what complications may
occur
h) PID – etiologic agents, complications, treatment
i) mane genital ulcerative diseases and pathogens responsible
j) syphilis – etiology, stages – name characteristic lesions, clinical symptoms, treatment, transmission
k) chancroid – etiology, clinical symptoms, treatment, transmission
l) lymphogranuloma venereum – etiology, clinical symptoms, treatment, transmission
m) genital warts (molluscum contagiosum, HPV infections) - etiology, treatment, transmission
n) Chlamydia trachomatis – life cycle, diseases it causes according to serovars, transmission, treatment,
reservoirs
o) Mycoplasma hominis, M. genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum - diseases, treatment options, transmission,
reservoirs
p) viruses causing GTI – name, diseases, transmission (treatment if possible)
r) diagnosis: patient’s samples, transport (if there are specific requirements), culture, rapid test, microscopy,
serology, genetic testing
5. RTI upper only:
a) normal flora of the oropharynx
b) name etiologic agents (bacterial and viral) of rhinitis, pharyngitis, otitis externa, otitis media, acute and
chronic sinusitis, epiglottitis - give examples of treatment options for these diseases (mechanisms of resistance)
c) name etiologic agents of Ludwig’s and Plaut-Vincent angina, treatment (mechanisms of resistance)
d) diagnosis: patient’s samples, transport (if there are specific requirements), culture, rapid test, microscopy,
serology, genetic testing