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CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
15. There is not a single universally accepted definition of National Security (National
Defence). A typical dictionary definition, in this case from Farlex dictionary defines national
security as the “the requirement to maintain the survival of the nation-state through the use
of economic, military and political power and the exercise of diplomacy”
16.
A later definition by Harold Lasswell, a political scientist in 1950, looks at national
security from almost the same aspect that of external coercion "The distinctive meaning of
national security means freedom from foreign dictation."
17.
“It is my firm conviction that the duty of national defence, like the general duty of
citizenship, should be broadly extended and borne by all our people. We do not believe in or
wish to bear the expense of maintaining large standing military forces.” By Calvin Coolidge
18.
Arnold Wolfers (1960), while recognizing the need to segregate the subjectivity of the
conceptual idea from the objectivity, talks of threats to acquired values "An ambiguous
symbol meaning different things to different people. National security objectively means the
absence of threats to acquired values and subjectively, the absence of fear that such values
will be attacked”
19.
The scope of economic development includes the process and policies by which a
nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its people.The University of
Iowa's Center for International Finance and Development states that:
'Economic development' is a term that economists, politicians, and others have
used frequently in the 20th century. The concept, however, has been in existence in
the West for centuries. Modernization, Westernization, and especially
Industrialization are other terms people have used when discussing economic
development. Although no one is sure when the concept originated, most people
agree that development is closely bound up with the evolution of capitalism and
the demise of feudalism’’
This research studies through National Defence as a public good. According to the
business dictionary.com Public good is an item whose consumption is not decided by the
individual consumer but by the society as a whole, and which is financed by taxation. A
public good or service may be consumed without reducing the amount available for others,
and cannot be withheld from those who do not pay for it. National Defence of a country
generally means the survival of the country by using its economy, military, and political
power and the effective exercises of the diplomacy.
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