Review Guide for Unit 1 - 2014
For the unit 1 exam, you should be able to do the following:
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Identify things that are matter and things that are not matter. Define matter.
Understand all of the basic laboratory safety procedures that we have learned and practiced in the laboratory.
Make qualitative and quantitative observations and be able to identify the difference between the 2 types of
measurement.
Use the SI system of measurement and its abbreviations to describe mass, length, volume, time and temperature.
State the numbers (powers of 10) that are represented by the following metric prefixes and write their
abbreviations: giga, mega, kilo, centi, milli, micro and nano.
Given a measurement, identify the uncertainty in this measurement and give the range of possible values.
Convert numbers in scientific notation to standard notation and do the reverse. Perform standard mathematical
operations with numbers in either of these forms either by hand or with a calculator. Know the proper use of your
calculator keys for these operations.
Given a measurement, identify the uncertainty of this measurement and give the range of possible values of this
measurement.
Identify the correct conversion factor to convert from a given unit to a desired unit and be able to calculate this
conversion.
Identify the number of significant figures in a measured value and identify numbers that have unlimited significant
figures.
Perform calculations and give the final value rounded to the correct number of significant figures.
Understand the mathematical definition of density and the meaning of density on the particle level of matter.
Calculate the density of a substance using mass and volume data.
Use the property of density to distinguish between and identify different substances.
Use density as a conversion factor to convert between measurements of mass and volume.
Use percentages as a conversion factor in calculations.
Use unit analysis to make any conversions from one quantity to another if given the appropriate information.
References for these topics:
1. Your book. Chapters 1 and 2
2. Your lab journal.
3. Notes that you have taken and homework assignments.
Sample Questions:
1. Complete the following table by writing the property being measured (mass, length, volume, or temperature), and
either the name of the unit or its abbreviation.
2. Complete the following relationships between units.
a. _____ m = 1 km d. _____ cm 3 = 1 mL
b. _____ L = 1 mL e. _____ kg = 1 t (t = metric ton)
c. _____ g = 1 Mg
3. Suppose that five students read a thermometer and reported temperatures of 86.6 °C, 86.8 °C, 86.6 °C, 86.8 °C, and
87.0 °C. The average of these values is 86.8 °C. How would you report this average to reflect its uncertainty?
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4. The images at the right show a typical thermometer at two different
temperatures. The units are degrees Celsius.
a. Write the temperature that each thermometer is showing. Give your
measurements with the greatest number of significant figures.
b. What is the amount of uncertainty for each of these measurements?
c. Write the range of possible values of each of these measurements.
5. Use your calculator to complete the following calculations. Assume that each of these values are measured and give
your answer with the appropriate significant figures and units.
a. (1.206 × 1013 g) / (6.00 × 106 mL)
b. (5.00 × 1023 km) × (4.4 × 1017 km)
c. (7.500 × 103 mL) × (3.500 × 109 g/mL) / (2.50 × 1015 mL)
d. (1.85 × 104 m) × (2.0 × 10-12 m)
e. (1.809 × 10-9 m) / (9.00 × 10-12 J)
f. (7.131 × 106 g - 4.006 × 106 g) / 10-12 mL)
6. Complete each of the following conversion factors by filling in the blank on the
top of the ratio.
a.
__ nm
1m
b.
__ L
c.
1 gal
__ m
1 km
d.
__ mg
1g
e.
__ m
1 cm
7. The diameter of typical bacteria cells is 0.00032 centimeters. What is this diameter in micrometers?
8. The mass of a proton is 1.6726231 × 10-27 kg. What is this mass in micrograms?
Show your setup in making the following calculations. Show that the units cancel to the desired units like we
have done in class. Refer to your conversion factors handout where needed. Give your answer with appropriate
significant figures.
9. A ball of clay has a mass of 2.65 lb and a volume of 0.5025 qt. What is its density in g/mL?
10. The density of water at 3.98 °C is 1.00000 g/mL. What is the mass in pounds of 16.785 L of water?
11. In nuclear fusion, about 0.60% of the mass of the fusing substances is converted to energy. What mass in grams is
converted into energy when 22 kilograms of substance undergoes fusion?
12. While you are doing heavy work, your heart pumps up to 25.0 L of blood per minute. Your muscles get about 80% by
volume of your blood under these conditions. What volume of blood in quarts is pumped through your muscles in 105
minutes of work that causes your heart to pump 21.0 L per minute, 79.25% by volume of which goes to your muscles?
13. The moon orbits the sun with a velocity of 2.2 × 104 miles per hour. What is this velocity in meters per second?
14. The average heart rate is 75 beats/min. Each beat pumps about 75 mL of blood. How many liters of blood does the
average person’s heart pump in a week?
15. There are about 1 × 105 chemical reactions per second in each of the 10 billion nerve cells in the brain. How many
chemical reactions take place in a day in a single nerve cell?
16. Honest Bob has some 1.000 troy ounce gold coins that he would like to sell you for $1780 each, which is the current
price for gold. (1 troy ounce ≈ 31.103 g.) Bob tells you that these coins are made of pure gold. A stack of 10 coins
measures 2.94 cm in diameter and is 5.11 cm thick. (Volume of a cylinder = πr2h)
a. Calculate the volume of one of these coins. Use appropriate significant figures in your answer.
b. Are these coins really pure gold? Explain your reasoning and show all calculations.
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Answers to Unit 1 Review Guide
1.
2. a. 103 m = 1 km b. 10–3 L = 1 mL c. 106 g = 1 Mg d. 1 cm3 = 1 mL e. 103 kg = 1 t (t = metric ton)
3. Our uncertainty is in the tenths position, so we report 86.8 °C.
4. a. 26.5 0C (left) and 30.0 0C (right) b. ±0.1 0C c. 26.4 - 26.6 0C (left) 29.9 - 30.1 0C (right)
5. a. 2.01 × 106 g/mL b. 2.2 × 1041 km2 c. 1.05 × 10–2 or 0.0105 g/mL d. 3.7 × 10–8 m2 e. 201 or 2.01 × 102 m/J
f. 3.125 × 1018 g/mL
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6. a.
10 nm
b.
1m
3.785 L
c.
1 gal
3
10 m
d.
1 km
3
10 mg
e.
1g
−2
10 m
1 cm
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16. a. volume = 3.47 cm3 b. 1 troy oz = 31.103 g density = 31.103g/3.47 cm3 = 8.96 g/cm3. These coins couldn't
possibly be gold because gold has a density of around 19 g/cm 3. Perhaps they are copper that has been coated with zinc
and held in a bunsen burner flame like we did in the lab.
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