SAN AUGUSTINE COUNTY, TEXAS
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Stephen F. Austin State University
School of Social Work
Center for Rural Social Work Research and Development
2013
CONTRIBUTORS TO THE PROJECT
Project Team
Judge Samye Johnson, Brittney Johnson, Sandy Jenkins, Brandi Kolander-Neeb
Emmerentie Oliphant, Becky Price-Mayo, Steve Cooper, Darrel McDonald and Charles Ashton
San Augustine County, Texas Community Needs Assessment Report
Compiled by
Dr. Emmerentie Oliphant in collaboration with Judge Samye Johnson and Ms. Becky Price-Mayo
San Augustine County, Texas Social Services Needs and Community Profile Report
Compiled by Dr. Steve Cooper
San Augustine County, Texas Maps
Compiled by Dr. Darrel McDonald and Charles Ashton
Consultants on Rural Issues
Dr. Kathleen Belanger (Stephen F. Austin State University, School of Social Work)
Ms. Kathleen Spencer (Rural Assistance Center)
San Augustine County Social Services Needs and Community Profile conducted by
BSW Students (SWK 450). Supervised by Dr. Cooper
Adejunoko Adedinsewo, Rachel Berry. Sasha Cruz, Dixie Daniels, Sylvia Dominey, Ava Dueboay,
Marleen Elkins, Dasha Evans, Tracy Fletcher, Teresa Foster, Linda Gonzalez, Alicia Manning,Christie
Mays, Brandi McCrary, Sarah Nerren, Melanie Penland, Kaila Samford, Shanice Talley, Ranajee Thomas,
Lee Ann Willis
Community Needs Assessment Questionnaires, Research Cafés, Populations at Risk Focus Groups
and Interviews conducted by MSW Students (SWK 520 and SWK 530) and Faculty.
Supervised by Dr. Oliphant and Ms. Becky Price-Mayo
Nicole Bordelon, Melissa Burrus, Riana Baley, Rachel Ellis, Timothy Floyd, Donatta Ibe,
Bradley Jackson, Alba Villegas, Shaina Pierson, and Shaina Wareing (MSW Students)
Data Entry and Editing support
Jeremy Fields, Linda Gonzalez, Tyra Holmes, Ricka Mammah, Josephina Mwoleka, Destiny Peters,
Kim Thompson (Data Entry Project Leader) – Graduate Assistants School of Social Work, SFA
Donna Shelton – Administrative Assistant, School of Social Work, SFA
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The San Augustine County Needs Assessment Project is made possible through the commitment and
generosity of Stephen F. Austin State University’s School of Social Work; directed by Dr. Freddie Avant;
Professor of Social Work, Associate Dean and Director.
Our deepest thanks and admiration goes to the San Augustine County Needs Assessment Project Team,
led by Dr. Emmerentie Oliphant; MSW Director and Professor. Dr. Oliphant’s team includes Becky
Price-Mayo; Child Welfare, Professional Development Director & Lecturer, Dr. Darrel McDonald;
Professor of Geospatial Sciences & Geography, and Dr. Steve Cooper; Associate Professor of Social
Work; Associate Dean, College of Liberal and Applied Arts. Also, our special thanks go to Dr. Cooper’s
undergraduate students
(SWK 450), Dr. Oliphant’s School of Social Work graduate students ( SWK 520 and SWK 530) and the
School’s graduate assistants.
We also extend our thanks and gratitude to the regional, state and federal representatives and agencies
that provide social services to our county. Our associates of caring and committed partners include;
including Derek Lee; Aging Services Program Specialist, ACL/ORO/RSC6, Elma Goodwin;
Management & Program Analyst, Immediate Office of the Regional Administrator, ACF, Hernan
Reyes, M.D., Capt.; US Public Health Service Deputy Regional Administrator, Health Resources and
Services Administration, Jonathan Sanchez Leos; Public Health Advisor, Presidential Management
Fellow, SAMHSA, Michael Duffy; Regional Administrator-Region VI, SAMHSA, Leon McCowan;
Regional Administrator-Region VI, Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Philander
Moore; Unit Manager, Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Texas Department of State
Health Services, Walter Diggles; Executive Director of Deep East Texas Council of Governments,
George Simon; Executive Director of Tri-County Community Action, Gary Ashcraft; Executive
Director of United Way, The Burke Center, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Council, and Judge Paul
White’s Angelina Drug Court Team.
We would be remiss if we did not make special mention of Ms. Brandi Kolander-Neeb, Department
Family Protective Services and the San Augustine County Child Protective Board, and to the dozens of
county volunteers, businesses, and local clergy who generously distributed, gathered and completed
questionnaires throughout this project.
Our County team; Brittney Johnson County Project Champion, Sandy Jenkins, County Project
Manager and I will be forever grateful for the gift of working with the remarkable Stephen F. Austin
School of Social Work team. This project, above all else, has given us the tools we need to help the
people we serve. Dr. Oliphant, your caring and passionate heart has made all the difference.
Samye Johnson
San Augustine County Judge
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
San Augustine County in Texas has limited social services and resources to address the needs in
the county. A county needs assessment was conducted to develop a deeper understanding of
social problems, strengths and challenges in the county. San Augustine County partnered with
Stephen F. Austin State University, School of Social Work to plan and implement the
comprehensive needs assessment. A participatory action model was developed to collect multisource data. The model enabled county residents to participate in the planning and
implementation of the project. Decisions about the project were made in collaboration with
county residents and leaders. Several interventions resulted from the participatory action.
The comprehensive needs assessment was initiated by the development of a community profile
and assessment of social services needs. The information provided results which were used to
develop and administer a questionnaire on perceptions related to social service needs, social
problems and community challenges and strengths. Several focus groups and interviews were
conducted to collect in-depth information. The results of the county needs assessment clearly
indicated strengths in San Augustine County. A strong sense of community, active residents, a
volunteer network and leaders who care about the community were identified as some of the
strengths. Social problems including substance abuse, unemployment and problems related to
poverty impact the well-being of county residents. The need for social services located in the
county was highlighted by the study.
Several recommendations were made, based on the results. The recommendations mainly
focused on developing and establishing social services in the county. These services should be
based on a one-stop model and a partnership between agencies. An important recommendation
is to ensure that funded agencies are tasked to deliver established services. These social services
should address the needs identified in the study, including substance abuse, mental health, child
and adult protection services. It is also recommended that the strong volunteer network should be
strengthened through ongoing initiatives. The participatory action model provides strategies for
ongoing research and development of programs. It is anticipated that further needs for research
will be identified and social service program initiatives will be developed.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………….….......................1
RATIONALE FOR THE COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT…….….………….……....2
OVERVIEW OF SAN AUGUSTINE COUNTY……………………….…….………….….....3
INFORMATION ON THE PARTICAPATORY ACTION MODEL….………….…….……..6
KEY FINDINGS…………………………………………………………………………..........9
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT………………………………...………………...….12
POPULATIONS AT RISK……………………………..………………...……………….…...49
CONCLUSION………...……………………………………..………………………………..62
RECOMMENDATIONS……………………………………..………………………………..62
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………….…...66
APPENDIXES ………………………………………………………………………...……….68
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
PAGE(S)
1. SUMMARY OF CENSUS DATA: PROFILE OF GENERAL POPULATION AND
HOUSING CHARACTERISTIC 2010: GENDER AND AGE .…………………………4
2. SUMMARY OF CENSUS DATA: PROFILE OF GENERAL POPULATION AND
HOUSING CHARACTERISTIC 2010: RACE ……………………..…………………...5
3. SUMMARY OF CENSUS DATA: PROFILE OF GENERAL POPULATION AND
HOUSING CHARACTERISTIC 2010: HOUSEHOLDS …………………….…………5
4. INFORMATION ON THE PARTICIPATORY ACTION MODEL…………………..... 8
5. DREAMS FOR SAN AUGUSTINE COUNTY …………………………...……………17
6. HOW SAFE DO YOU FEEL WHERE YOU LIVE? DAY…………………...…….......18
7. HOW SAFE DO YOU FEEL WHERE YOU LIVE? NIGHT……………………..……19
8. INTERNET AT HOME.………………………………………........................................20
9. INTERNET AT WORK ………………………………………………………………....20
10. INTERNET AT THE LIBRARY ………………………………………………………..21
11. ACCESS TO PHONE SERVICES………………………………………………..……..21
12. ACCESS TO CELL PHONE………………...…………………………………………..22
13. DEPENDABLE VEHICLE ……………………….....................................................…..22
14. SAMPLE RESPONSES: EMPLOYMENT IN SAN AUGUSTINE COUNTY ………..23
15. SAMPLE OF SERVICES IN SAN AUGUSTINE COUNTY ……………………..........25
16. PERCEPTION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT SERVICES………………………...……..27
17. EMERGENCY 911 SERVICES…………………………...........................…………….28
18. FIRE PROTECTION………………………………… …..……………………………..29
19. ANIMAL CONTROL……………………………………………..………………….….29
20. GARBAGE COLLECTION……………………………..………………………………30
21. STORM DRAINAGE……………………………………………………….…………...30
22. LIBRARY SERVICES………………………............................................……………..31
23. AMBULANCE SERVICES ……………………………………………………………..32
24. MEDICAL AND DENTAL SERVICES……………………………..……………….…33
25. MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES…………………………………………………….….34
26. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ………………………………………...……………….34
27. ROADS AND HIGHWAYS …………………...………………………………………..35
28. EDUCATION AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS………………………………………………36
29. SUBSTANCE ABUSE SERVICES……………………………………………………..37
30. CHILD CARE SERVICES………………………………………………………………38
31. YOUTH PROGRAMS AND RECREATION …………………………………………..39
32. SERVICES TO THE ELDERLY ………………….…………………………………40
33. GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE…………………………………………………….….40
34. COUNSELING…………………………………………………………………….…….41
35. FOOD PANTRIES ………………………………………………………………………42
36. CONDITION OF HOUSES ……………………………………………………………..43
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37. COST OF HOUSING……………………………….…………………………………...44
38. VANDALISM ……………………………………………………………………….......44
39. BURGLARIES ………………………………..……………………………………...….45
40. FAMILY VIOLENCE …………………………………………………………..……….45
41. ELDER ABUSE, NEGLECT AND EXPLOITATION……………………..…………...46
42. PHYSICAL ASSAULT ………………………………………………………………….46
43. DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE …………………………………………….…..…….47
44. DRUG MANUFACTURING ………………………………………………..…………..48
45. DRUG DEALING …………………………………………………………………….....48
46. GANGS.………………………………………………………………………………….49
47. CONFIRMED CPS VICTIMS AND INVESTIGATIONS .………….............................50
48. CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT IN SAN AUGUSTINE COUNTY..………………...51
49. CPS DATA COMPARISONS BETWEEN SAN AUGUSTINE COUNTY AND
TEXAS.…..........................................................................................................................52
50. SAMPLE DEMOGRAPHICS …………………………….…..........................................57
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES
PAGE
1. FLOWCHART - SAN AUGUSTINE COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
MODEL..............................................................................................................................7
2. PIE CHART 1 - AGE DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICIPANTS…………………………13
3. PIE CHART 2 -NUMBER OF YEARS LIVING IN SAN AUGUSTINE COUNTY ….14
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1. INTRODUCTION
San Augustine County is experiencing the challenges of rural East Texas. Macro-level
community issues such as poverty, unemployment and lack of services severely impact the
quality of life and well-being of the county residents. Under the direction of County Judge
Samye Johnson, a comprehensive county needs assessment was designed and implemented to
explore these realities. A project team including county officials, the School of Social Work and
Center for Rural Social Work Research Development, Stephen F. Austin State University,
county residents and service providers planned and implemented the comprehensive community
needs assessment from January 2012 to November 2013. The purpose was to conduct a
community needs assessment in San Augustine County to explore the needs for services in the
county. It is envisioned that the results from the project will provide specific information which
will enable county officials and other role-players to facilitate grant writing efforts in order to
provide services and resources to the county residents. In addition, the results will be used to
develop programs specific to the needs of the county. For this purpose it was important to listen
to the voices of the community. The project team ensured that the voices were heard through
inclusion of county residents in the initial design, planning and implementation of the project. A
participatory action model was designed and implemented to ensure that the process and results
reflect the perceptions of the community members.
The overall objectives of the community needs assessment were:
1. To conduct a needs assessment focusing on social services, community dynamics, social
issues and a health and human services profile
2. To collect data from county residents and service providers on their perceptions of the
county including social services, problems, community dynamics, strengths and
challenges
3. To analyze existing census data in order to describe demographics, strengths, challenges
and at risk populations
4. To provide recommendations towards interventions and further research.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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This report provides an overview of the community needs assessment, a description of the
participatory action model which was used to conduct the comprehensive needs assessment, a
discussion of the findings and recommendations.
2. RATIONALE FOR THE COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
San Augustine County has limited resources and social services referrals have to be made to
other counties. According to Judge Johnson federal and/or state social services agencies
operating in the county are extremely limited. Due to the lack of presence in the county, residents
are not aware of the availability of services. Poverty and unemployment impact the quality of
life of county residents.
Social problems such as substance abuse, elderly abuse/neglect,
domestic violence and mental health problems result in increased risk of county residents.
Although county residents and leaders are aware of the problems, it has become increasingly
important to provide evidence.
There is limited knowledge available regarding existing resources. It is assumed that there are
resources available through churches and volunteer agencies. These resources are not well
known and this limits referrals to the few existing services.
As part of the initial design of the county needs assessment the project team formulated several
questions. These questions were addressed in the comprehensive needs assessment:

What matters to the county residents?
In other words what is important to county
residents?

How do county residents perceive the current strengths, challenges and problems in the
county?

What are the most important problems and needs county residents think should be
addressed?

What services exist and what is the quality of those services?
The needs assessment enables the county to identify specific needs for the development of
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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programs. A comprehensive community profile provides an overview on existing strengths and
challenges, while the community needs assessment questionnaire (CNAQ) provides additional
in-depth information on needs. The data will be used to apply for grants that will serve the
county.
3. OVERVIEW OF SAN AUGUSTINE COUNTY
Section written by Dr. Kathleen Belanger
San Augustine County has a population of 8,865 (US Department of Commerce, 2012a).
Residents of San Augustine County commute to larger cities such as Nacogdoches, which is
located 35 miles west in Nacogdoches County, for employment, recreation and services.
Its county seat, the city of San Augustine, is located on the 300 year old Camino Real (King’s
Highway) trading route that connected Natchitoches, Louisiana with Mexico by way of
Nacogdoches and San Antonio, Texas.
The county is considered rural by all definitions,
considered non-core, with a rural urban commuting area code of 10, rural urban continuum code
of 9, and urban influence code of 10, with 16.7 persons per square mile compared with 96.3 in
Texas and 87.4 for the US (Rural Assistance Center, 2012).
In terms of population demographics, the county has a lower percentage of white non-Hispanic
persons compared with Texas and the US (69% vs. 45% for Texas and 63% for the US), a lower
percentage of Hispanic/Latinos (7% vs. 38% for Texas and 17% for the US), and a higher
percentage of African Americans (23% vs. 12% for Texas and 13% for the US) (US Department
of Commerce, 2012a, b).
The population also tends to be older, with 23% 65 years or older, compared with 11% for Texas
and 13% for the US. The county has approximately twice the poverty rate and half the median
income compared with both Texas and the US. The median household income for 2006 – 2010
was $25,974, compared with $49,646 for Texas and $51,914 for the US, and the percentage of
persons living below poverty for 2006-2010 was 27% compared with 17% for Texas and 14%
for the US. Residents tend to own their own homes, with homeownership rates for 2006 – 2010
of 79% compared with 65% for Texas and 67% for the US (US Department of Commerce,
2012a, b).
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According to City-County Data Book (2012), most residents (58% compared with 50% for the
US) are affiliated with a religious congregation.
Of those affiliated with a religious
congregation, most are Baptist: 40% affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention and 15%
affiliated with the Baptist Missionary Association of America. Twelve percent are affiliated with
the Catholic Church, 11% with Independent Associations, and Unaffiliated Churches Landmark
Missionary Baptist, and 22% “other”.
There is one grocery store, five convenience stores that sell gas, and one that does not. Most of
the agricultural market value in the county is from livestock, poultry and their products (96%),
with 95% of the farms operated by a family or individual (City-County Data Book, 2012). As
indicated in the introduction, services in the county are limited and community members have to
travel to Center (20.05 miles), Lufkin (53 miles) and Nacogdoches (35 miles) and Many,
Louisiana (45 miles) for social services. According to some service providers (for example
Burke Center and the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Council (ADAC), they come to San Augustine
when they receive referrals. According to U.S. Census Bureau (2010) the following are
demographic profile data for San Augustine County, Texas.
Table 1: Summary of Census Data: Profile of General Population and Housing
Characteristic 2010: Gender and Age
Residents
Number
Percentage
Total Population (males) = 4,360, (females) 4,505
8,865
100.0%
Population Median Age
47.1
Male Median Age
45.9
Female Median Age
48.1
85 years and over (smallest age group)
273
3.1%
50 to 54 years (largest age group)
680
7.7%
Males (largest age group) 50 to 54 years
350
3.9%
Females (largest age group) 45 to 49 years
345
3.9%
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Table 2: Summary of Census Data: Profile of General Population and Housing
Characteristic 2010: Race
Residents
Number
Percent
One Race
8,742
98.6%
Black or African American
2,016
22.7%
White
6,375
71.9%
Asian
35
0.4%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
532
6.0%
Table 3: Summary of Census Data: Profile of General Population and Housing
Characteristic 2010: Households
Residents
Number
Percent
223
84
139
2.5%
0.9%
1.6%
In Households
8,642
97.5%
Head of Household
3,625
40.9%
Total Households
3,625
100%
Family Households
- with own children under 18 years
- husband and wife family
2,477
797
1,808
68.3%
22.0%
49.9%
Householder Living Alone
- male
- 65 and over
- female
- 65 and over
1,040
496
171
544
367
28.7%
13.7%
4.7%
15.0%
10.1%
Institutionalized Population
- Male
- Female
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4. INFORMATION ON THE PARTICIPATORY ACTION MODEL
A Participatory Action Model (PAR) was designed to conduct the needs assessment. PAR
implies that county members have ownership of the needs assessment and results. PAR is a
structured process that allows for flexibility based on the input of the community. Their input
was of utmost importance for the success of the project. The principles of PAR formed the basis
of the needs assessment. The participatory action implies that the participants (residents and
service providers) are not researched, but are partners in the project. Project implementation is
based on cooperative actions and collaboration with county residents. Residents participated in
the planning of the project, design and development of the CNAQ, focus groups and protocol
development for interviews. Data collection started in March 2012 and ended in November 2013.
The project team conducted data verification of the data collected by including the county
residents and key informants from June to November 2013. The participatory action model also
focused on empowerment, sustainability and capacity building – the needs assessment
empowered county residents to become involved in developing services and resources.
Transparency of the process was ensured through involving county residents in decision-making
processes and recommendations for services. County residents were included in discussions and
validation of the data. The purpose of participatory action is to empower communities. The
cyclic nature of the model implies that research and intervention are parallel processes. Residents
were empowered to bring about change in the county. The PAR model was used to collect multisource and multi-level data, using the following methods:

Roundtable Discussions

Research Cafés

Community Needs Assessment Questionnaire (CNAQ)

Focus Groups

Interviews

Census Data and Web-based information

Published Data
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Reflection of the process and validation of data took place on an ongoing basis during the project
implementation.
The following flowchart provides information about the process of the community needs assessment as
well as the different sources of data.
Figure 1 : Flowchart - San Augustine Community Needs Assessment Model
Multi-source data was important as it provided the opportunity to triangulate information. More
than one source of data verified the importance of the responses. Multi-level sources were significant
as it ensured that all county residents had an opportunity to participate in the needs assessment.
Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect and analyze data. This included interviews,
questionnaires, focus groups and research cafés. The PAR model is cyclic in nature and interventions
developed as data was generated.
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New research initiatives also developed as part of various phases of the needs assessment. Sources
of data include county residents, service providers, maps, census data, Internet sources and the
CNAQ.
Table 4: Information on the Participatory Action Model
Method
Population
Sample
Focus
Community Profile
Key Informants
N = 200
Social Services Needs
Social Services Needs
Assessment
Community
Strengths
Leaders
Barriers
Service Providers
Demographic Information
Roundtable Discussions
Interviews
Research Cafés
Volunteers
N=80
Strengths
Community
5 Cafés
Challenges
members
Community Needs
Assessment Questionnaire
(CNAQ)
Community
Dreams for the county
N=504
members
Services
Problems
Demographic information
Focus groups
Community
N=30
Quality of life
members
5 Focus
Experiences living in San Augustine
County
groups
Elderly
Youth
Interviews Residents
Community
N = 10
Quality of life
N=34
Type of services
members
Interviews
Service Providers
Service providers
Frequency and percentage of time in
San Augustine County
Barriers to care
A community profile was developed by Dr. Cooper and a group of undergraduate social work
students. This research provided the information for the development of the community needs
assessment questionnaire (CNAQ). The preliminary data was used to develop initial themes to be
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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addressed in the questionnaire. The community profile provides comprehensive information on
the needs as well as the available services. The community profile focuses on demographic
information, values, strengths and limitations. It includes a social issues and health and human
services profile. The social issues include information on poverty, child abuse, health care and
behavioral health care, and the health and human services profile focuses on existing resources
and access to these resources.
The CNAQ focuses on the perceptions of county residents regarding services, infrastructure and
problems in the county. In addition, this section of the research provides information about the
strengths, dreams, challenges, and quality of life issues perceived by the residents.
While collecting information, specific populations at risk were identified. In order to develop a
better understanding of these populations, focus groups and interviews were conducted in order
to gain a better understanding of the quality of life of these residents.
5. KEY FINDINGS
1. At the time when the needs assessment was initiated, San Augustine County was
experiencing a lack of social services. The community profile and the CNAQ both
indicate that services vital to the quality of life in the county are not available. Health
and human services are limited and are located within other counties such as Angelina
and Nacogdoches. Cities in these counties where services are located are a minimum of a
40 minute drive away;
2. Existing services such as the County Sheriff’s Office and the San Augustine County
Court often have to deal with emergencies which should be referred to social services;
3. Specific populations in San Augustine County are at risk. Due to the lack of services,
inaccessibility to services outside of the county and the limited resources, elderly county
members experience difficulties and challenges in accessing important services. Elderly
county residents living in the assisted living facilities have access to services and
experience positive quality of life. However, elderly residents who live on their own are
isolated and do not have easy access to resources. Elderly individuals living in remote
areas find it impossible to access basic resources such as medical services and food;
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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4. Specific problems are prioritized as urgent. These problems need attention through
comprehensive social services. Substance abuse is perceived by county residents as the
problem with the highest priority. The problem is not only limited to substance abuse, but
extends to drug manufacturing and dealing. County officials, service providers outside of
the county, volunteers and county leaders validated the importance of addressing
substance abuse in the county;
5. San Augustine County residents are experiencing different levels of poverty. Residents
identified unemployment as one of the barriers to quality of life. Underemployment
implies that residents are working, but that the income is not adequate to make a living.
Local work opportunities are limited and residents have to travel outside of the county for
work. This impacts the financial stability of households as well as the quality of life of
families and individuals. Residents have to drive to towns in other counties (Center,
Lufkin and Nacogdoches) for employment. It adds additional stress on families and
individuals in terms of financial and time resources;
6. From the published data on child welfare issues it is evident that San Augustine County
children are not receiving resources and services at a level that is consistent with state
averages. While the number of completed investigations and confirmed victims of child
abuse and neglect are comparable to the state rate, children in San Augustine County
receive less family preservation and out of home services (see Table 59 for complete
data). When considering characteristics of families and children, as well as the rural
setting, it is very likely that there is a considerably higher incidence of abuse and neglect
than what is reported. Focus groups of community leaders and service providers also
voiced concerns that child neglect and abuse are not being reported and that children of
all ages need better protection. In addition, social workers and investigators are not
located in the county and must travel to investigate the cases. It is important to have
social workers and child protection workers with offices in the county to raise awareness
of child abuse and to address the need for increased investigations and services. The
cyclic nature of poverty, substance abuse, unemployment, and isolation can impact the
quality of life and the level of safety of children;
7. A public transportation system does not exist at the time of this study. Although many
county residents report they have their own vehicles, it is also evident that many residents
do not have access to any form of transportation. These residents have to depend on their
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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family, significant others and volunteers for transportation. Residents in rural areas and
specifically the elderly and children are more vulnerable because of inaccessibility to
transportation. County members identified a bus system as a solution to the current
transportation problems;
8. Social problems in San Augustine County are complex and many variables impact the
severity of the problems. Poverty, unemployment, lack of services, isolation of individual
residents and the existence of social problems such as substance abuse, impact quality of
life in the community. Individual factors such as language is a barrier to care;
9. County residents voice a need for improvement in addition to the need to develop a
structure for social services where community members can come together. A
recreational center for youth, community center or a central place where support services
can be delivered;
10. Child care is considered a priority need. This will enable parents to work. From the data
collected on family structure it is evident that 56.6% of families are single parents. Child
care will enable parents to work outside of the county if needed;
11. Infrastructure in the county is in need of improvement. Garbage collection is problematic
as is typical across East Texas. In some places there is no formal garbage collection. It is
assumed that residents burn garbage which is a hazard for the environment. There is
limited animal control in the county and animals are often found on the roads;
12. Roads are in a good condition, providing accessibility to the cities of San Augustine and
Broaddus as well as surrounding counties;
13. Young adults in San Augustine County are in need of jobs and training. County residents
want training opportunities to be available within the county;
14. San Augustine County is strong in terms of social capital. County officials and residents
are positive about bringing about change. Leadership is willing and committed to bring
about change. Although services are located outside of the county, several support groups
and informal services exist through the volunteering efforts of residents.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
11
6. COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
The community needs assessment provides evidence of strengths, limitations and barriers related
to services. Key findings highlight the realities specific to macro-, mezzo- and micro-level
problems, services, barriers to change, challenges and strengths in the community. From the
study it is evident that San Augustine County does not have enough resources to address the
problems and lack of services in the community.
The Community Needs Assessments Questionnaire (CNAQ) was completed by 504 residents
from San Augustine County. In addition, the research cafés including 80 participants were
conducted. The information provided in this section includes all information obtained from the
CNAQ and the research cafés with volunteers and community members. These sources of data
provided in-depth information on the specific problems experiences by residents and the reality
of lack of services.
The following demographic information is specific to the CNAQ. It provides information on the
age, gender, income, number of years living in San Augustine County, education, status of
employment and major wage earner type of employment.
6.1
Demographic Information: Community Needs Assessment Questionnaire (CNAQ)
Age
Participants 18 years and older completed the CNAQ. The included pie chart provides
information on the age distribution. 11.7% is in the age group 18-29, 25.7% between 30 and 49,
25.9% is between 50 and 64, and 32.5% are 64 and older. 3.9% of the participants did not answer
the question on age. It is important to note that 58.4% of the participants are 50 and older.
Younger adults over 18 were included in the study through focus groups and interviews to ensure
representation.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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Pie Chart 1: Age Distribution of Participants
Pie Chart 1: Age Distribution of Participants
Gender
In terms of gender the majority of participants were female (59.5%) and 31.9% were males.
8.5% of the responses were either unclear or missing.
Income
The income distribution varied amongst participants. 14.2% of the participants earn less than
$10,000 per year, 26.2% between $10,000 and $19,999; 16.07% between $20,000 and $29,999
12.1% earn $30,000 - $39,999, 3.1% earn $40,000 - $49,999, 5.5% $50, 000 - $59,999,
14.2% earn $60,000 and more. 13.2% of the participants did not answer the question. From
this it is evident that most of the participants earn less than $20,000 or above $60,000.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
13
Number of Years Living in San Augustine County
The following pie chart provides information about how long participants have lived in San
Augustine County. Of the 504 participants, 70.6% lived in the county more than 10 years, 7.7%
between 5 and 10 years and 7.7% less than 5 years. 13.8% did not answer the question.
Pie Chart 2: Number of Years Living in San Augustine County
Number of Years Living in San Augustine County
Education
In terms of education there were a range of responses. 7.4% has a graduate degree, 14.6% is a
college graduate, 27.1% has some college level education but did not complete a college degree,
and 34.5% has a high school certificate.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
14
Status of Employment
A majority of the participants indicated they are employed (38.6%), 8.1% are self-employed
30.7% are unemployed, and 22.4% did not provide an answer. 24.6% of the participants are
retired.
Major Wage Earner Type of Employment
The majority (24.6%) of the participants are retired, 9.1% works in finance, insurance and public
utilities, 6.9% in oil and gas companies, 7.9% in education, 4.3% in government/state, 4.1% in
logging and timber, 3.3% in retail and wholesale, 3.1% in construction. 16.2% did not answer
the question.
6.2 Quality of Life in San Augustine County
Data from the CNAQ and research cafés indicate that San Augustine County residents have
positive experiences about their community and county. During the information gathering the
residents reflected on the strengths of the community and how the strengths bring them together.
These positive experiences and perception of strengths clearly influence their perceptions about
the problems the community is facing. Residents provided feedback that they experience a sense
of collectiveness and collaboration in the county. This impacts the resident’s drive to enhance
and change the community. The quality of life that the residents are experiencing allows for
opportunities to raise families in a peaceful and quiet environment. It is evident that county
residents feel that there is a need to improve and that the strengths of the county will enable them
to bring about effective change.
The following themes support the statement that the residents experience quality of life:

Churches provide support to community members. Churches reach out to their members
who are in need by providing resources such as transportation and food services to elderly
residents. The churches provide stability and a sense of community to residents. Several
residents mentioned that their families have been living in San Augustine County for
generations and they have been members of a specific church for many years.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
15
It is
evident that churches are committed to invest in the community and to participate in
change.

Recreational activities such as hunting and fishing provide opportunities for residents.
Several retired residents indicated that they moved to San Augustine County because of the
opportunity to be close to nature. Participants of the focus groups for young adults
indicated that they experience these recreational activities as positive and would like to see
more of these activities specifically for children and young adults.

The peaceful and quiet environment of the county draws families and individuals to move
to and stay in the county. Even though some family members have to drive to towns in
other counties, they prefer living in a peaceful environment.

County and city leadership is considered positive and county residents mentioned that they
feel leaders are acting in the county’s best interest. Residents from Broaddus and San
Augustine were of the opinion that the city leadership is effective.

A strong volunteer base exists in the county. The volunteers are passionate about bringing
services to the county and ensuring that the needs of populations at risk are met.
Volunteers voiced their concerns about residents who live in isolated areas. They also
shared that they are passionate about volunteering. One of the comments was “we have
diverse, talented and resourceful volunteers”

A desire for community improvement exists amongst residents of the county. Although
some focus group members identified resistance to change, overall there is a positive
attitude towards improvement and specifically about addressing the barriers towards
service delivery.
During the research cafés, participants were asked about their dreams for San Augustine County.
A discussion about dreams enabled county residents to focus on the positive issues they
experience. The dreams for the county also emphasized the fact that the county residents are
willing to work towards making changes in the community.
Table 5 gives a list of the priority issues identified when the dreams for the county were shared.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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Table 5: Dreams for San Augustine County
Responses Research Cafés Summary
What are your dreams for San Augustine County?

Recreational family park

Community garden

Economic and business growth

Drug free community

Rise in educational levels

Improved infrastructure

Increase in job opportunities

Opportunities for youth to stay in county

Tourism development

A dependable transportation system

Better resources for those in need of care

Mental health services

Enhancement of quality of medical services

Improvement of educational facilities
The list is not in priority order.
Quality of life is impacted by many factors including how safe community residents feel in the
community, accessibility to resources such as cell phones, landlines and dependable vehicles.
These resources can minimize risk and allow them to contact service providers in an emergency
situation.
Accessibility to services is important, because residents need to be able to reach
services in order to make the best use of it.
Why do people live in San Augustine County?
Overall responses in the CNAQ as well as the interviews and focus groups, indicated that they live
in San Augustine County because it is beneficial to their quality of life. It is evident that the small
town atmosphere in San Augustine and Broaddus is appealing to residents. San Augustine county
residents are considered as friendly and they have strong values. The environment is quiet and
residents feel that they live in a relaxed community.
In terms of benefits to living in San
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
17
Augustine County the rural atmosphere plays an important role. The climate provides multiple
opportunities for recreational activities. Many of the residents indicated that they are able to hunt
and fish in a quiet environment. In addition, being able to know their neighbors is an important
part of building connections with the community. Rural country living and good relationships with
neighbors are the most important social factors.
Even though resources are not always available, county residents consider themselves fortunate.
As part of the CNAQ, participants were asked what three things do they like most about living in
San Augustine County. According to the responses the three most identified were churches, rural
small town atmosphere and strong relationships between the people. Participants were also asked
what the three issues they are struggling with most. The responses were financial issues, services
and resources.
Safety: Day
It is evident that San Augustine County is considered as safe. 33.1% of the participants
perceive the county as very safe during the day, while 47.4% consider it as safe. It
accounts for 80.5% of the participants. Only 3.4% indicated they consider it unsafe, 2%
very unsafe and 7.5% were undecided.
Table 6: How safe do you feel where you live? Day
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
Very Safe
167
33.1
33.1
33.1
Safe
239
47.4
47.4
80.6
Undecided
38
7.5
7.5
88.1
Unsafe
17
3.4
3.4
91.5
Very Unsafe
10
2.0
2.0
93.5
Missing
33
6.5
6.5
100.0
Total
504
100.0
100.0
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
18
Safety: Night
44.8% of the participants indicated they perceive it as safe and 30% as very safe. This
accounts for 74.8% of the community needs assessment participants. 5.4% indicated they
feel it is unsafe and 2.8% it is very unsafe. 9.7% were undecided.
Table 7: How safe do you feel where you live? Night
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
Very safe
151
30.0
30.0
30.0
Safe
226
44.8
44.8
74.8
Undecided
49
9.7
9.7
84.5
Unsafe
27
5.4
5.4
89.9
Very Unsafe
14
2.8
2.8
92.7
Missing
37
7.3
7.3
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Total
Focus groups and interviews validated that the safety within the county is one of the
reasons why residents move back to the county.
Accessibility
Accessibility to certain resources is an important part of quality of life. Information on access to
Internet services, library services, cell phone, landline and a dependable vehicle was collected.
Residents who live in wooded areas are isolated because of inaccessibility to Internet. Some
residents live in isolated houses that are not in livable conditions. Numbers reflected in the tables
specific to the internet may be misleading. This is due to the high number of retirees who
completed the survey.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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Internet at Home
A high number of participants have Internet at home – 61.5%, while 36.1 % do not have
it at home.
Table 8: Internet at Home
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Yes
310
61.5
61.5
61.5
No
182
36.1
36.1
97.6
12
2.4
2.4
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Missing
Total
Internet at Work
According to the participants, most of them do not have Internet access at work (39.5%).
Of the participants, 38.1% do have access to Internet at work. However, 22.4% did not
answer the question. Since 24.6% of the CNAQ participants are retired it is assumed that
this is the reason for the high number of missing answers.
Table 9: Internet at Work
Valid
Yes
No
Missing
Total
Frequency
192
199
113
504
Percent
Valid Percent
38.1
38.1
39.5
39.5
22.4
22.4
100.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
38.1
77.6
100.0
Internet at the Library
73% of participants have access to Internet at the library. 13.7% said they did not have
access and a high number of participants did not respond (13.3%). During research cafés,
some of the participants explained that it is not a problem if they do not have Internet at
home, because it is available at the library. However, these reports may not take into
account the southern part of the county since Broaddus does not have a public library.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
20
This area also is reported to have a large elderly population due to popular lakeshore lots
for retirees.
Table 10: Internet at the Library
Valid
Yes
No
Missing
Total
Frequency
368
69
67
504
Percent
Valid Percent
73.0
73.0
13.7
13.7
13.3
13.3
100.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
73.0
86.7
100.0
Access to Phone Services
Phone services are important in case of an emergency. A high number of participants
(71.4%) have access to a landline. 24.6% do not have access to a landline and 20
participants (4.0%) did not provide a response. Even though county residents have a
landline, it does not mean service is connected. It is important for services to be
connected, especially for elderly residents living in isolated areas.
Table 11: Access to Phone Services
Valid
Yes
No
Missing
Total
Frequency
360
124
20
504
Percent
Valid Percent
71.4
71.4
24.6
24.6
4.0
4.0
100.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
71.4
96.0
100.0
Access to Cell Phone
Most San Augustine county residents have access to cell phone services. 85.3% of the
participants indicated they have access to cell phones and 12.9% indicated they do not
have access.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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Table 12: Access to Cell Phone
Valid
Yes
No
Missing
Total
Frequency
430
65
9
504
Percent
Valid Percent
85.3
85.3
12.9
12.9
1.8
1.8
100.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
85.3
98.2
100.0
It is important to note that accessibility to cell phones or a landline does not necessary
constitutes availability. For example a person may have a landline or cell phone but due
to financial constraints they do not have service.
Dependable Vehicle
A high percentage (77.6%) indicated they have access to a dependable vehicle, while
11.7% indicated they do not have access. 54 (10.7%) did not answer the question.
Table 13: Dependable Vehicle
Valid
Yes
No
Missing
Total
Frequency
391
59
54
504
Percent
Valid Percent
77.6
77.6
11.7
10.7
100.0
11.7
10.7
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
77.6
89.3
100.0
The focus of the question was on a dependable vehicle, in trying to assess if they have
accessibility to a means of transportation. A dependable vehicle must be maintained and
participants voiced their concerns about the cost of gas, insurance and new/renewed
licenses. The County Sheriff is concerned about the high number of unlicensed drivers.
This is due in part to the fact that there is not a Texas Department of Public Safety office
in the County.
Service providers and county residents were also of the opinion that the lack of driver’s
education classes contributes to the problem. In an interview with a service provider it
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
22
was mentioned that one of the medical centers provide transport for dialysis patients to
the center, but not back home. The residents experienced this service as helpful.
6.3 Employment in San Augustine County
The research cafés and focus groups allowed county residents to voice the need for job creation
and retention in the county. The CNAQ provides specific information related to jobs in terms of
resources to support jobs, retention, underemployment and unemployment. County residents
voiced their frustration with barriers to retain their jobs. Though some of the barriers are on an
individual level, macro-level issues also contribute to employment problems. For example,
inaccessibility to jobs (opportunities are in bordering counties), the lack of public transport,
limited support systems such as child care and the lack of training in the county impacts job
retention of individuals. County residents feel that the creation of jobs is not enough but that
there needs to be a support system to mentor and motivate individuals to retain their jobs.
Table 14: Sample Responses Employment in San Augustine County
Sample Responses: Employment
“ I have a job but it doesn’t have much of a future” CNAQ, female age 42
“ And then if you do find it, then pretty much it’s going to take over your entire salary
because the pay is so low” Focus group – youth between ages 18 – 30, Broaddus
“Jobs….So, I think that’s a big problem for our young families.” Focus group – youth
between ages 18 – 30, Broaddus
“Training for jobs. There’s no training at all.” Focus group – youth between ages 18
– 30, San Augustine
“There are not enough opportunities for young people to find work…” CNAQ, female
age 57
“ More jobs for young people” Research cafés - volunteer
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
23
6.4
Services
State agencies are located in other counties, which creates transportation problems for residents,
limits accessibility of services and impacts reporting of cases such as abuse of children, mental
disabilities and exploitation of the elderly. The fact that there is limited reporting on specific
social problems does not imply that the problems do not exists. It rather suggests that because of
the inaccessibility of services and lack of knowledge thereof, the county residents are hesitant to
report problems. It is also important to note that social service or mental health issues are often
referred to the County Judge’s office and the County Sheriff’s office.
Lack of accessibility to services impacts quality of life. County residents’ perceptions on
accessibility and quality of life provide important information on the lack of services in all areas
of the county. Some community residents live in isolation and may in addition experience
transportation problems. The inaccessibility and lack of transportation puts isolated community
residents at risk for issues such as substance abuse, child or elder abuse, mental health and
health care.
Specific barriers in the community impact the accessibility to services. Even though agencies
outside the county are available to deliver services, it is evident that there is a lack of available
services in the county. The mere existence of services in a bordering county does not imply that
services are available to county residents. For example, a resident who needs immediate care in
terms of mental health has to contact an agency in Lufkin for help. Since Lufkin is 53 miles
from San Augustine and 34 miles from Broaddus, it means that immediate follow-up to a crisissituation is not always possible. Some services are available for limited times during the week.
Service providers were interviewed in order to obtain information on the target population they
serve; the percentage or frequency of time the service is available in the county; and the barriers
to care. The following table provides a sample of services and the barriers to implementing the
services. The San Augustine County Resource Guide (2013) was developed by the County
Judge’s office to provide information on all services available to the county. These services are
not necessarily located within the county.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
24
The following table provides a sample overview of services availability to county residents. Most
of the services are located in bordering counties.
Table 15: Sample of Services in San Augustine County
Percentage
Agency
Services
Target
Provided
Population
or Time
Spent in
San
Referral
Barriers to Service
Information
in San Augustine
Receives referrals
from Adult
Protection
Services,
hospitals, and
individuals who
are in need of
care.
Receives referrals
from schools, law
enforcement,
CPS, parents, and
courts
Walk-in’s
Schools
Not enough local
contractors to provide
full time services in
San Augustine
County
Augustine
Deep East
Texas Council
of
Governments
(DETCOG)
Area Agency
on Aging
Serves 12
counties.
Provides in home
support services.
Advocates for
clients.
Serves
individuals
60 years and
older.
In San
Augustine
on an as
needed
basis.
DETCOG
Services to
Youth at Risk
(STAR)
Program
Project
HOPE
Provides crisis
intervention.
Training in
parenting skills.
Ages 0-17
GED Prep
Classes
Adult Driver's
Education
Financial Aid
Scholarship
assistance
ESL (English as
a Second
Language)
Parent
Awareness
Seminars
PSAT/SAT/ACT
/THEA/TAKS/S
TAAR tutoring
JOB Corps
Workforce
seminars
Motivational
Speakers
Career training
College/job fairs
Recreational
tournaments
Health fair
Business
services
Adults
In San
Augustine
once a week
and as
needed.
Located in
San
Augustine
Access to parents
Funding,
transportation,
substance abuse,
lack of job
opportunities in San
Augustine.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
25
Women’s
Shelter of
East Texas
Assists women
who need
protection from
domestic violent
situations
Victims of
domestic
violence
In San
Augustine
once a
week.
Lone Star Legal
Aid
Privacy due to not
having an office,
transportation,
employment in San
Augustine County
Department
of Family and
Protective
Services
Child protective
services
Adult protective
services
Child care
licensing
Adoption and
foster care
Children and
adults
In San
Augustine
as needed,
no office
located in
San
Augustine
Schools, Citizens,
Doctors, Police
Transportation
Burke Center
Mental Health
Adults and
children
MondayFriday as
needed in
San
Augustine
County.
Emergency
services
Located in
San
Augustine
County
Law enforcement,
hospitals, doctor’s
offices,
schools
Walk-ins
Rural challenges,
transportation,
substance abuse
problems, funding
and accessibility in
San Augustine
County
Walk-ins
Appointments
Funding
Walk-ins
Transportation
funding
Development
Disabilities
Early Childhood
Intervention
Care and
Share
Heartbeat
Pregnancy
Food and
clothing
Testing,
ultrasounds,
baby items,
parenting
classes, adoption
referrals.
Individual
and families
with physical,
spiritual,
emotional,
material,
social and
educational
needs.
Food pantry
East Texas
Food Bank
Pregnant
women
No Health and
Human Services
offices.
Tuesday,
Wednesday,
Thursday
mornings
Not present
in San
Augustine
From the information provided by service providers it is evident that services in San Augustine
are irregular, not frequent enough to address the needs and in some situations not accessible to
the county residents. The table shows that services are mostly available as needed. It is important
to note that during the interviews the service providers indicated that they understand the need to
expand services in San Augustine County, but that specific barriers such as transportation,
funding and resources to support services are barriers. Funding was identified as the most
important factor impacting service delivery. The San Augustine County Resource Guide (2013)
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
26
provides extensive information on available resources in the county. The following section
focuses on county residents’ perceptions of services.
Law Enforcement
Law enforcement in San Augustine County is perceived as good. According to the
CNAQ, 35.7% of the county residents consider the law enforcement as good and 13.3 %
rated it as excellent. 29.6% rated it as fair, while 15.9% perceived is as poor.
In addition, during research cafés with community residents they indicated that the law
enforcement was dependable and that they were satisfied with it. Service providers also
indicated that the County Sheriff’s office has to deal with problems related to mental
health and social problems. Emergency situations are often referred to the County
Sheriff’s Office.
Table 16: Perception of Law Enforcement Services
Frequency Percent
Valid
Valid
Cumulative
Percent
Percent
Excellent
67
13.3
13.3
13.3
Good
180
35.7
35.7
49.0
Fair
149
29.6
29.6
78.6
Poor
80
15.9
15.9
94.4
16
3.2
3.2
97.6
Missing
12
2.4
2.4
100.0
Total
504
100.0
100.0
Do Not
Know
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
27
Emergency 911 Service
Emergency services in San Augustine county is mostly rated as good to fair. 29.6% of
the participants rated services as good, while 23.6% rated it as fair. 12.1% rated it as
excellent and 16.7% rated it as poor. 14.7% indicated that they did not know.
Table 17 : Emergency 911 Services
Valid
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Excellent
61
12.1
12.1
12.1
Good
149
29.6
29.6
41.7
Fair
119
23.6
23.6
65.3
Poor
84
16.7
16.7
81.9
Do Not Know
74
14.7
14.7
96.6
Missing
17
3.4
3.4
100.0
Total
504
100.0
100.0
Fire Protection
FFire protection in the county was rated as good (31.9%) , excellent (19.8%) and fair
((19%). 16.1 % of the participants rated it as poor and 10.3% did not know.
San Augustine County volunteers operate the Fire Department. Both San Augustine
and Broaddus have volunteer fire departments.
Fire protection is an important service in San Augustine County as in any other rural
county. Participants in the focus groups as well as service providers voiced their
concerns about the manufacturing of methamphetamine. It can create a hazardous
environment for adults and children and can lead to fires.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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Table 18: Fire Protection
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
Excellent
100
19.8
19.8
19.8
Good
161
31.9
31.9
51.8
Fair
96
19.0
19.0
70.8
Poor
81
16.1
16.1
86.9
Do Not Know
52
10.3
10.3
97.2
Missing
14
2.8
2.8
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Total
Animal Control
Animal control in San Augustine county is perceived as poor. Of the participants,
40.9% indicated they perceive it as poor and 26% did not know. 12.1% were of the
opinion that it is fair, while 11.3% perceive it as good. Only 6% are of the opinion that it is
good.
Animals are not kept in closed areas. This creates dangerous situations in the county.
It is not cost-effective to round-up animals and take them to a shelter.
Table 19: Animal Control
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Excellent
30
6.0
6.0
6.0
Good
57
11.3
11.3
17.3
Fair
61
12.1
12.1
29.4
Poor
206
40.9
40.9
70.2
131
26.0
26.0
96.2
19
3.8
3.8
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Do Not
Know
Missing
Total
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
29
Garbage Collection
29.2 % of the participants rated garbage collection as good and 16.9% as excellent.
15.9% rated it as fair, while 14.7% were of the opinion that it is poor. 19.2% did not
know. As in most small rural counties garbage collection is a problem.
Table 20: Garbage Collection
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid Excellent
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
85
16.9
16.9
16.9
147
29.2
29.2
46.0
Fair
80
15.9
15.9
61.9
Poor
74
14.7
14.7
76.6
Do Not Know
97
19.2
19.2
95.8
Missing
21
4.2
4.2
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Good
Total
Storm Drainage
Storm drainage is mostly perceived as fair or poor (38.4%). Of this 19.4% are of the
opinion that is fair, while 19% believe it is poor. 8.3% are of the opinion that it is
excellent and 16.9% indicated that it is good. 30.6% did not know.
Table 21: Storm Drainage
Frequency
Valid Excellent
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
42
8.3
8.3
8.3
Good
85
16.9
16.9
25.2
Fair
98
19.4
19.4
44.6
Poor
96
19.0
19.0
63.7
154
30.6
30.6
94.2
29
5.8
5.8
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Do Not Know
Missing
Total
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
30
Library Services
The library resources and services in San Augustine Country are perceived as
excellent. The San Augustine Garden Club has a facility in the library “Pink Lady”
where English lessons are provided to residents. According to the CNAQ, 34.9% of
the county residents rated it as excellent, 26 % rated it as good, 10.1 % as fair and
9.3 % as poor. Of importance is that 16.3 % indicated that they did not know. It is not
clear if the 16.3% do not make use of the library services or if they do not know of its
existence.
Young adults who participated in the focus groups also indicated that the library is a
valuable resource in the county and that the service is good.
Table 22: Library Services
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
Excellent
176
34.9
34.9
34.9
Good
131
26.0
26.0
60.9
Fair
51
10.1
10.1
71.0
Poor
47
9.3
9.3
80.4
Do Not Know
82
16.3
16.3
96.6
Missing
17
3.4
3.4
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Total
Ambulance Services
Most of the participants rated ambulance services as fair (24.8%) and 21.8% as poor.
However when the CNAQ, and initial research cafés were conducted in 2012, there
were no ambulance services in Broadus or San Augustine. Since then the county has
obtained two ambulances.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
31
Table 23: Ambulance Services
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Excellent
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
63
12.5
12.5
12.5
Good
127
25.2
25.2
37.7
Fair
125
24.8
24.8
62.5
Poor
110
21.8
21.8
84.3
Do Not Know
65
12.9
12.9
97.2
Missing
14
2.8
2.8
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Total
Medical and Dental Services
32.5% of the participants indicated that they perceive the medical and dental services as
excellent or good. (25.2% rated services as good and 12.5% as excellent). In addition to
their perceptions about medical and dental services, county residents also shared their
perceptions during the research cafés. Transportation for elderly and persons with
disabilities for medical appointments as well as the improvement of the quality of the
local services in the cities of San Augustine and Broaddus are considered as priority
issues. The perceptions about poor services may be specific to the southern areas of the
county, where services are more limited.
Memorial Medical Center, San Augustine provides the following services:
Emergency rooms
Dialysis
Hospital beds
Breast exam room
X- Ray equipment
Physical therapy
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
32
Table 24: Medical and Dental Services
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Excellent
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
43
8.5
8.5
8.5
Good
121
24.0
24.0
32.5
Fair
133
26.4
26.4
58.9
Poor
162
32.1
32.1
91.1
Do Not Know
34
6.7
6.7
97.8
missing
11
2.2
2.2
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Total
Mental Health Services
Perceptions about services are impacted by the fact that there is a lack of mental health
and related social services in the county. 35.5% of the participants rated the services as
poor, 11.5% rated it as fair, 8.1 % indicated that it is good and 3.4 % as excellent. A high
percentage of 33.9% indicated they do not know. This high percentage makes sense in
light of the fact that there are no services available.
The research cafés and focus groups indicated that accessibility to services in bordering
counties is an issue. Participants mentioned that they were specifically worried about
residents who are living in isolated areas. These residents do not have immediate access
to mental health services in case of an emergency. If they do not have the resources to
make use of services in a bordering county, the mental illness goes untreated.
Participants indicated that the development of resources for mental health patients in the
cities of San Augustine and Broaddus should be a priority.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
33
Table 25: Mental Health Services
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
Excellent
17
3.4
3.4
3.4
Good
41
8.1
8.1
11.5
Fair
58
11.5
11.5
23.0
Poor
179
35.5
35.5
58.5
Do Not Know
181
35.9
35.9
94.4
28
5.6
5.6
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
missing
Total
Public Transportation
There is no public transportation in San Augustine County. It is evident that public
transportation is one of the serious problems facing the county.
Almost half of the
participants (48.6%) are of the opinion that public transportation is poor, while 29% did not
know.
Table 26: Public Transportation
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
Excellent
24
4.8
4.8
4.8
Good
25
5.0
5.0
9.7
Fair
29
5.8
5.8
15.5
Poor
245
48.6
48.6
64.1
Do Not Know
146
29.0
29.0
93.1
35
6.9
6.9
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Missing
Total
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
34
The need for public transportation was the one theme that repeated in the roundtable
discussions, focus groups, and research cafés.
Mention was made of a public
transportation system that worked well several years ago and how the termination of this
service impacted accessibility.
Roads and Highways
It was important to explore residents’ perception of county roads. Conditions of these
roads ensure or limit accessibility to services in cities of San Augustine and Broaddus as
well as remote areas in the county. Roads in San Augustine County are considered as
either poor (30.6%) or fair (33.7%). According to the CNAQ, 5% believe the roads are
excellent, 24.2% reported that they are good and 4.4% do not know.
Table 27: Roads and Highways
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Excellent
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
25
5.0
5.0
5.0
Good
122
24.2
24.2
29.2
Fair
170
33.7
33.7
62.9
Poor
154
30.6
30.6
93.5
Do Not Know
22
4.4
4.4
97.8
Missing
11
2.2
2.2
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Total
Education and Public Schools
57.1 % of participants experience public education in San Augustine County
as excellent, good and fair. The school system is experiencing challenges as in other rural
communities. The schools are considered as important resources in the county.
It is evident that public education is mostly considered as fair or poor. The community
profile developed by Cooper (2013) refers to county resident’s overall concern for
children and a belief that children should receive a positive education in a constructive
learning environment (p11)
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
35
Participants in focus groups with young adults indicated that they are positive about the
schools in San Augustine County.
Table 28: Education and Public Schools
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
Excellent
36
7.1
7.1
7.1
Good
99
19.6
19.6
26.8
Fair
153
30.4
30.4
57.1
Poor
126
25.0
25.0
82.1
Do Not Know
73
14.5
14.5
96.6
Missing
17
3.4
3.4
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Total
Substance Abuse Services
As with other services, substance abuse services are located outside the county. In order
for county residents to receive counseling and treatment, they need to travel to Center,
Nacogdoches or Lufkin. The highest percentage of respondents indicated that they did
not know about the services – 42.5%, while 34.5 % perceive it as poor. The fact that most
participants did not know about services emphasizes the issues related to accessibility and
the lack of community-based services in the county. 3.5% perceive it as excellent, 5.8 %
as good and 9.3% as fair.
Substance abuse was identified as a problem by residents in San Augustine County and
this highlights the need for substance abuse services (education, prevention, treatment,
after-care and community re-integration). The community profile, research cafés and
interviews provide evidence that there is a need for services. Support services are
available through different support groups such as AA. San Augustine County also
instated a Drug Court in April 2013.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
36
Table 29: Substance Abuse Services
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid Excellent
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
18
3.6
3.6
3.6
Good
29
5.8
5.8
9.3
Fair
47
9.3
9.3
18.7
Poor
174
34.5
34.5
53.2
Do Not Know
214
42.5
42.5
95.6
21
4.2
4.2
99.8
1
.2
.2
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Missing
34
Total
Child Care Services
Child care services in San Augustine County is mostly considered as poor (25.2%) and
33.9% did not know. 5.8% perceive it as excellent, 11.3% as good and 11.5% as fair.
Several focus groups participants indicated that the need for child care services should be
considered as a priority. Child care services will enable mothers to work and can
contribute to financial stability.
Adults in the focus groups in Broaddus and San Augustine voiced their concern about
child care. They felt that the availability of child care service will enable them to make
use of employment opportunities even outside of the county. Research café participants
also mentioned the importance of making child care training available to county residents.
By having child care training located within the county it will create employment
opportunities for child care providers.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
37
Y
Table 30: Child Care Services
o
Cumulative
u
Frequency
nV
Excellent
gaGood
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
29
5.8
5.8
5.8
57
11.3
11.3
17.1
lFair
iPoor
58
11.5
11.5
28.6
127
25.2
25.2
53.8
d
Do Not Know
171
33.9
33.9
87.7
62
12.3
12.3
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Missing
Total
Youth Programs and Recreation
Participants perceive youth programs and recreation in San Augustine as a resource to the
community. 27.4% perceive the programs as excellent, good and fair. Residents who
participated in the focus groups indicated that the lack of recreational activities in the
county is considered as a problem. Although there is ample opportunity for fishing and
hunting, structured activities for youth are limited.
A roundtable participant (community profile, personal communication, March 2, 2012)
indicated that separation among the races impacts the youth of the community. It stresses
the importance of using youth programs to educate youth and to build bridges in the
community.
There are currently several clubs in the county including Boys and Girls Clubs, 4-H clubs,
Boy Scouts and Girls Scouts.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
38
Table 31: Youth Programs and Recreation
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
Excellent
26
5.2
5.2
5.2
Good
48
9.5
9.5
14.7
Fair
64
12.7
12.7
27.4
Poor
217
43.1
43.1
70.4
Do not know
126
25.0
25.0
95.4
23
4.6
4.6
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
missing
Total
Services to the Elderly
A high number of participants are of the opinion that services for the elderly are poor
(27.4%) while 17.3% believe that services are fair. Only 7.3% believe that it is excellent
and 13.3% indicated that it is good. 22.8% of the participants indicated that they do not
know.
According to the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. Census Bureau (2010),
10.1% of residents over the age of 65 live on their own. Living alone increases isolation
and the need for care. Specific focus groups with elderly residents in facilities are
positive and have hope for the future. These facilities provide excellent care for the
elderly.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
39
Table 32: Services to the Elderly
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
Excellent
37
7.3
7.3
7.3
Good
67
13.3
13.3
20.6
Fair
87
17.3
17.3
37.9
Poor
138
27.4
27.4
65.3
Do Not Know
115
22.8
22.8
88.1
60
11.9
11.9
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Missing
Total
Government Assistance
Responses to this question varied. A high number of participants do not know (22%)
while 21.2% perceived the assistance as good. 11.1% perceive it as excellent; while
19.2% perceive it as fair and 19.4% as poor.
Table 33: Government Assistance
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid Excellent
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
56
11.1
11.1
11.1
107
21.2
21.2
32.3
Fair
97
19.2
19.2
51.6
Poor
98
19.4
19.4
71.0
111
22.0
22.0
93.1
35
6.9
6.9
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Good
Do Not Know
Missing
Total
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
40
Counseling
Participants perceive counseling services in San Augustine County as poor (29.6%).
A high number of 45.2% indicated that they did not know. Only 4.2% perceive it as
excellent, 6.2% as good and 9.7% as fair. Counseling refers to services such as crisis
intervention and family counseling as identified on the CNAQ. Counseling services
are referred to professionals and agencies outside of the county. Elderly residents in
residential facilities receive counseling; however residents living in the community
only have access to counseling services outside of the county. Nacogdoches, Lufkin
and Center have services available but there is no public transport to these cities.
In terms of crisis intervention, service providers outside the county (such as the Burke
Center) are definitely available to county residents. However, crisis intervention
services are not available on a 24/7 basis, resulting in referrals to professionals who
are not counselors.
Table 34: Counseling
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
Excellent
21
4.2
4.2
4.2
Good
31
6.2
6.2
10.3
Fair
49
9.7
9.7
20.0
Poor
149
29.6
29.6
49.6
Do Not Know
228
45.2
45.2
94.8
26
5.2
5.2
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Missing
Total
Food Pantries
There are food pantries in the county but information on food pantries is not readily
available. 31.3% indicated they do not know about food pantries. 19.6% of the
respondents indicated they perceive it as poor and 16.9% perceived it as fair. 16.7%
were of the opinion that it is good. 10.7% of the participants indicated that it is
excellent. Although it was not widely known at the time of the survey, there were
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
41
food pantries. Most churches in the county have food pantries. Tri-county partners
with Care and Share to distribute food boxes in the county. Volunteers are actively
involved in the distribution. Through this service even residents in isolated areas are
reached.
Table 35: Food Pantries
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
Excellent
54
10.7
10.7
10.7
Good
84
16.7
16.7
27.4
Fair
85
16.9
16.9
44.2
Poor
99
19.6
19.6
63.9
158
31.3
31.3
95.2
24
4.8
4.8
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Do Not Know
Missing
Total
6.5 Perception of Problems in the County
The community needs assessment CNAQ, community profile, research cafés, focus groups and
interviews identified specific problems in the community.
Information was gathered from
county residents, service providers and community leaders. It is important to understand that the
data collected addressed perceptions of problems. Reports provided information on reported
incidents. The problems rated as highest in the CNAQ were related to substance abuse and
conditions of housing. The category of social problems is divided into questions on family
violence, elder abuse, neglect and exploitation, physical assault, drug/alcohol abuse, drug
manufacturing, drug dealers, and gangs.
The questionnaire information specific to social
problems is supported by interviews, focus groups, and the community profile.
Condition of Houses
Participants experience the conditions of houses in San Augustine County as a problem.
This is evident from the community needs assessment questionnaire whereby 40.5% of the
participants indicated that they perceive it as a problem. 39.9% are of the opinion that it is
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
42
not a problem and 13.7% do not know. In addition, observations of houses in the county
show several structures that possibly create a danger for the community.
Table 36: Condition of Houses
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
Yes
204
40.5
40.5
40.5
No
201
39.9
39.9
80.4
Do Not Know
69
13.7
13.7
94.0
Missing
30
6.0
6.0
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Total
Cost of Housing
39% of the participants indicated they do not perceive it as a problem. However 28%
indicated that they perceive it as a problem. While 25.4% did not know if it is a problem.
Data from the focus groups and the community profile indicated that it is considered as a
serious problem. Young adults who participated in the focus groups in San Augustine and
Broaddus were of the opinion that housing is preventing young people from living in the
county. Rent is high and residents who are underemployed are not able to afford the rent.
One of the community residents summed up the reality of housing - “due to
underemployment and many being unemployable many are living in substandard
conditions”
The community profile by Cooper (2013) gives an example how a resource is available
but is problematic: “In terms of housing, the San Augustine Housing Authority operates
an apartment complex with 72 units, including 1, 2, 3, and 4 bedroom apartments.
Interestingly, their complex has approximately 20 units open and no waiting list. The
staff attributed this to the county’s economic situation (San Augustine County Housing
Authority staff, personal communication, January 9, 2013). Specifically, many of the
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
43
families who need housing assistance are unable to afford their portion of the rent. The
county also has an assisted living facility and a privately owned and operated housing
facility for senior citizens. Section 8 housing is available through the Deep East Texas
Council of Governments (DETCOG)” (p. 23).
Table 37: Cost of Housing
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
Yes
141
28.0
28.0
28.0
No
201
39.9
39.9
67.9
Do Not Know
128
25.4
25.4
93.3
34
6.7
6.7
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Missing
Total
Vandalism
According to the CNAQ, perceptions about vandalism differs 47.4% indicated they do not
perceive it as a problem and 26.6% do not know. 19.8% indicated they perceive it as
problem.
Table 38: Vandalism
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
Yes
100
19.8
19.8
19.8
No
239
47.4
47.4
67.3
Do Not Know
134
26.6
26.6
93.8
31
6.2
6.2
100.0
504
100.0
100.0
Missing
Total
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
44
Burglaries
As with vandalism the responses differ. 26.6% were of the opinion that burglaries are a
problem, 41.5% indicated that they do not perceive it as a problem, and 26.4% did not
know.
Table 39: Burglaries
Valid
Yes
Frequency
134
No
Do Not Know
Missing
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
26.6
26.6
209
133
28
504
41.5
26.4
5.6
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
26.6
41.5
26.4
5.6
100.0
68.1
94.4
100.0
Family Violence
During interviews, service providers and county residents verbalized that family violence
is a problem. However, 38.9% of the CNAQ, participants indicated that they do not know
if it is a problem, 22.8% consider it as problem, and 32.3% do not perceive it as a
problem.
Limited information is available about family violence and there was no
reference to it in focus groups. According to the community profile roundtable
participants mentioned that domestic violence among other contributing factors were
observed as part of a generational history of poverty and child abuse/neglect.
Table 40: Family Violence
Frequency
Valid
Yes
No
Do Not Know
Missing
Total
Percent
115
163
196
30
504
22.8
32.3
38.9
6.0
100.0
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
22.8
32.3
38.9
6.0
100.0
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
45
22.8
55.2
94.0
100.0
Elder Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation
A high number of participants (43.5%) indicated that they do not know if elder abuse is a
problem. 35.7 % do not perceive that it is a problem, and 13.9% indicated that they
perceive it as a problem. 6.9% of the participants did not give a response.
Service providers and volunteers identified isolation of elderly and inaccessibility of
services as problems. Service providers at two facilities identified the importance of
creating more support groups for elderly residents, a broader volunteer base to transport
elderly residents to medical services (such as dialysis) and community-based services.
Service providers at these facilities also informed the team that staff-turnover is a barrier
to care. In addition, churches provide a range of support services to their elderly residents.
Table 41: Elder Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation
Valid
Yes
No
Do not know
Frequency
70
180
219
missing
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
13.9
13.9
35.7
35.7
43.5
43.5
35
504
6.9
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
13.9
49.6
93.1
6.9
100.0
100.0
Physical Assault
Again as with other problems, the highest response was that 38.5% do not know, 34.3%
do not perceive it as a problem, and 20.4% perceive it as a problem.
Table 42: Physical Assault
Valid
Yes
No
Do Not Know
Missing
Total
Frequency
103
173
194
34
504
Percent
Valid Percent
20.4
20.4
34.3
34.3
38.5
38.5
6.7
6.7
100.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
20.4
54.8
93.3
100.0
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
46
Substance Abuse
Questions specific to substance abuse included perceptions about drug and alcohol abuse,
drug manufacturing and drug dealing. During the research cafés, and initial interviews
with service providers it became evident that problems related to drug abuse exist.
Drug and Alcohol Abuse
45% of the participants indicated that drug/alcohol abuse is a problem in their specific
area. 26.6% indicated they do not know if it is a problem, and 21.2% do not perceive it as
a problem.
Table 43: Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Valid
Yes
No
Do not know
missing
Total
Frequency
227
107
139
31
504
Percent
Valid Percent
45.0
45.0
21.2
21.2
27.6
27.6
6.2
6.2
100.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
45.0
66.3
93.8
100.0
Drug Manufacturing
It is evident that drug manufacturing exists in San Augustine County. Several major roads
connect San Augustine County with larger cities in the area and it enhances opportunity
for drug manufacturing and dealing. Services providers and volunteers identified
problems related to drug manufacturing. Abuse and neglect of children and the elderly,
neglect of houses and property, financial problems are some of the problems related to
drug manufacturing. Dangerous living conditions (for example fire hazards) create a
danger to county residents.
38.7 % of the participants indicated that the manufacturing of drugs in the area where
they live is a problem. 32.5% did not know if it is a problem and 23.5% did not
consider it as a problem.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
47
Table 44: Drug Manufacturing
Valid
Yes
No
Do Not Know
Missing
Total
Frequency
195
117
164
28
504
Percent
Valid Percent
38.7
38.7
23.2
23.2
32.5
32.5
5.6
5.6
100.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
38.7
61.9
94.4
100.0
Drug Dealing
40.7 % indicated that the existence of drug dealers is a problem in the area where they
live. 30.6% indicated it is not a problem and 30.6% indicated they did not know. There
are limited services related to drug abuse in San Augustine County and this is an
important issue to be addressed.
Table 45: Drug Dealing
Valid
Yes
No
Do Not Know
Missing
Total
Frequency
205
Percent
40.7
116
154
29
504
23.0
30.6
5.8
100.0
Valid Percent
40.7
Cumulative
Percent
40.7
23.0
30.6
5.8
100.0
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
48
63.7
94.2
100.0
Gangs
Most of the participants in the CNAQ do not know if there are gangs in the
county (46%). 37.3% are of the opinion that there are no gangs and only
8.5% indicate that it is a problem. 8.1 % of participants (8.1%) did not
answer the question.
According to research café participants and service providers they are not
aware of gangs.
Table 46: Gangs
Valid
Yes
No
Do Not Know
Missing
Total
Frequency
43
188
232
41
504
Percent Valid Percent
8.5
8.5
37.3
37.3
46.0
46.0
8.1
8.1
100.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
8.5
45.8
91.9
100.0
Other Problems
Participants were asked to identify if there were other problems. 30.6% of participants
indicated that they do not know if there were other problems in the county. A high
number (45.8%) did not answer the question. Specific problems as identified by
participants were related to condition of streets, recreational activities by trespassers,
gangs and environmental concerns.
7. POPULATIONS AT RISK
In all counties there are certain populations considered at risk. The Center for Disease Control
and Prevention identify certain at risk populations including but not limited to people with
disabilities, children, aged persons, immigrants and young adults. For the purpose of this
discussion at risk populations include abused and neglected children, elderly residents, young
adults and Hispanic residents. Research café participants identified specific problems
experienced by these populations.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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Abused and neglected children - children living in dangerous situations for example where drug
manufacturing occurs, possible underreporting of abuse/neglect and limited awareness of what
constitutes abuse;
Elderly residents – living in isolated areas, no family or support to access resources and neglect
due to lack of care;
Young adults – limited employment for youth, lack of resources such as child care for families
with young children;
Hispanic residents – living in isolated areas and barriers in terms of language.
7.1 Child Abuse and Neglect
According to DFPS 2012 Data Book (Texas Department of Family and Protective Services), San
Augustine County has 1,840 children. In several conversations it became evident that county
volunteers believe child abuse and neglect is a problem in the county.
The project team
determined that there might be a strong reluctance to respond to a questionnaire that included
questions about child abuse and to prevent an overall low response rate this issue was not
included. Data from other sources were collected to develop a better understanding of child
abuse and neglect. According to the DFPS 2012 Data Book (Texas Department of Family and
Protective Services), the following was reported for San Augustine County by CPS:
Table 47: Confirmed CPS Victims and Investigations
Confirmed Victims of Child Abuse/Neglect
15
Total CPS Completed Investigations
49
Confirmed CPS Investigations
12
Table developed based on data DFPS 2012 Data Book (TDFPS)
In addition, 7 children were in substitute care, 6 children entered care (removals) and 4 children
were in foster care (P. 160).
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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Table 48: Child Abuse and Neglect in San Augustine County
Initial Intakes
69
Child Abuse/Neglect Reports Assigned for Investigation
61
CPS Workers Responsible for Intake or Investigation by Office 0
Location
Investigation Initiation Response Time in Completed Investigations
Priority 1:
Within 24 hours
Over 24 hours
10
0
Investigation Initiation Response Time in Completed Investigations
Priority 2:
Within 72 hours
Over 24 hours
38
1
Alleged Victims of Child Abuse/ Neglect
68
Alleged Victims in Unconfirmed Investigations
49
Alleged Victims in Ruled Out Investigations
30
Alleged Victims Provided Services *
16
*Subcategory of unconfirmed investigations DFPS 2012 Data Book (TDFPS)
Alleged Victims not Provided Services **
52
**Only includes children who received post-investigation services DFPS 2012 Data
Book (TDFPS)
Children Removed from Home ***
3
***Children removed from homes as a result of a completed investigation without
regards to concurrent open family stages, a subset of total children entering
substitute care DFPS 2012 Data Book (TDFPS)
Table developed based on data DFPS 2012 Data Book (TDFPS)
A review of CPS data from 2010-2012 show that completed investigations, in home services and
substitute care are received at a lower rate in San Augustine County (DFPS, 2010, 2011, 2012,
see Table 49 for complete data). In home services are used to preserve families to avoid removal
of children but maintain their safety, while substitute care are placements outside the home such
as, kinship care, foster homes, residential treatment facilities, foster group homes, juvenile
facilities and independent living facilities for older youth.
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Table 49: CPS Data Comparisons between San Augustine County and Texas
CPS
Fiscal Year
2010
2011
2012
Average
CPS
Fiscal Year
2010
2011
2012
Average
CPS
Fiscal Year
2010
2011
2012
Average
CPS
Fiscal Year
2010
2011
2012
Average
CPS
Fiscal Year
2010
2011
2012
Average
Children in Substitute Care per 1,000 Children
State
SA County
6.0
1.8
6.7
1.3
6.4
3.8
6.36
2.3
CPS Completed Investigations per 1,000 children
State
SA County
25.7
24.1
26.3
27.6
23.5
26.6
25.16
26.1
Confirmed Victims of Child Abuse/Neglect per 1,000 Children
State
SA County
10.1
7.8
9.8
11.5
9.1
8.1
9.7
8.8
Number of Removals per 1,000 children
State
SA County
2.4
4.6
2.5
0.4
2.4
3.2
2.43
2.73
Children Receiving In-Home Services per 1,000 Children
State
SA County
14.9
7.4
13.9
9.6
11.9
13.0
13.56
10
Table developed based on data from DFPS 2010, 2011, 2012 Annual Report and Data Books
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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According to the roundtable discussions, and research cafés, service providers, community
leaders and volunteers believe that there is a low intake of child abuse cases partly due to a lack
of CPS presence in the county. When asked for their opinions, the child welfare and law
enforcement professionals agreed that child abuse/neglect is underreported (Roundtable
Participants, Personal Communications, March 2, 2012 in Cooper (2013)).
Additionally, San Augustine County demographics include characteristics of children and
families that indicate a higher incidence of child abuse/neglect than what is being reported.
These characteristics relate to unemployment, lower socioeconomic status, single parent family
structure and county metropolitan status, as well as the child’s race/ethnicity (Sedlak,
Mettenburg, Basena, Petta, McPherson, Greene, and Li, 2010). According to the Fourth National
Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NIS–4), “rates of maltreatment for Black children
were significantly higher than those for White and Hispanic children” (Sedlak et al., 2010, p.10).
The following are comparisons between San Augustine County and Texas for the above
mentioned characteristics (Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2013):

Unemployment - SA 12.4%; Texas 7.9%

Socioeconomic status
o Poverty (ages 0-17) - SA 37.9%; Texas 26.6%
o Children living in areas of concentrated poverty - SA 39.1%; Texas 17%
o Free/reduced-price lunch recipients – SA 94.7%; Texas 62.4%
o Supplemental Nutrition Assistance (SNAP) – SA 38.8%; Texas 26.4%
o WIC recipients (ages 0-4) – SA 60.1%; Texas 43.6%
o Medicaid enrollment (ages 0-18) – SA 57%; Texas 33.6%
o SSI recipients (ages 0-17) – SA 38.1%; Texas 19.8%

Family Structure
o Children in single parent families – SA 56.6%; Texas 29.9%
o Births to single teens (ages 13-19) – SA 18.8%; Texas 11.2%
Finally, levels of child abuse and neglect are twice as high for rural counties compared to urban
counties (Sedlak et al., 2010), which indicates an even greater risk for San Augustine County
children.
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Clearly, community leaders and professionals have cause for concern when it comes to
protecting the county’s children from abuse and neglect. The number of reports is likely to be
considerably lower than actual maltreatment occurrence, and when there are confirmed victims
of abuse, the level of services are provided at a lower rate than for Texas children as a whole
(DFPS, 2010, 2011, 2012, see table 59 for complete data). In addition to the residents’ reluctance
to call in suspected child abuse, there are no CPS workers responsible for intake or investigation
by office location for San Augustine County (DFPS, 2012). This data emphasizes the importance
of educating not only professionals that come in contact with children but all county residents
about child abuse and neglect and the need to report. Because of the rural nature of the
population, it is also critical to have a CPS office location in the county with child protection
workers to develop relationships with rural community members and enhance accessibility to
CPS investigations and services.
7.2 Elderly Residents
It was important to include the voices of the elderly county residents. This was done by
interviewing elderly residents (including residents in senior living facilities). The CNAQ was
administered to many elderly residents living in the county.
Elderly participants who were included in the focus groups were in a nursing home and in an
assisted living facility. Overall the themes are positive and suggest strengths rather than
limitations.
Nursing Home Environment
The physical, social and emotional environment in the nursing homes impacts the elderly
resident’s well-being. Cleanliness and the overall neatness of the nursing home facility make an
impact on their perspective of their surrounding environment. According to the residents, the
absence of odor that is commonly associated with nursing home settings contributes to a positive
atmosphere.
Staff
Perceptions about staff are overall positive. The staff decorates the nursing homes, which creates
a positive environment. Residents feel that they can build positive relationships with the staff.
The residents enjoy being loved and cared for by the staff at the nursing home. Helping the staff
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in the nursing home gives the residents a sense of purpose. The participants stated that they
appreciate being considered as equals by the staff. The staff has a significant influence on the
well-being of residents. The participants noted the extra efforts from the staff; such as the staff
telling the residents they love them, giving them hugs and “kisses” [Participant Colonial Pines]
and making sure they have the things they need on a daily basis adds value to their lives.
“It makes all the difference that we have more than a good relationship with the staff of the
nursing home” [Participant Colonial Pines].
Community Support
The involvement of the church positively impacts the resident’s well-being. The participants
stated that the involvement of the churches from the community gives them a connection with
the outside community and gives them a sense of socialization with others outside of the nursing
home. They feel positive about church members visiting them. The participants stated that they
would feel lost if they did not have regular church services within the nursing home. Friendships
with staff and other residents positively replace the absence of long distance relationships with
family and friends. It gives elderly residents a sense of belonging. The participants also stated
that the established relationships and friendships with other residents provide a sense of family.
It was noted in the focus groups that one of the areas that need improvement in the nursing home
environment is more involvement from the community for the residents who do not have any
family or friends. The residents stated that it would benefit those residents with no family to
receive visits from county residents and volunteers.
Quality of Life
Residents in the nursing homes are attuned to and affected by one another. Whenever a fellow
resident is in distress or discomfort it hinders the other residents. The focus group participants
indicated that the choice to live in nursing home is a difficult decision. All participants stated that
they felt a sense of control and independency from being able to make the decision to live in a
nursing home.
It was a life choice they made that would benefit them by living in an
environment that fit their health and physical needs, without burdening their loved ones.
The right to make decisions enhances the independency of nursing home residents.
One
residents said: “Being able to make choices from what I will wear for the day to having a choice
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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of what to have for breakfast, lunch and dinner is important” The residents also believe that
being in a rural community enriches their lives and connects them with other county residents.
Stigma
Residents are aware of the fact that there is a stigma about nursing homes. The participants
stated that while they made the decision to live in a nursing home on their own there were some
apprehensive feelings towards the idea because of the general negative perception of nursing
homes. The residents take pride in their nursing home environment. The participants noted the
nice furnishings within the nursing home, the decorations during various holidays, and the
cleanliness of the nursing home. Being treated with respect is important to residents. The
participants stated that their dignity and self-worth surfaced from being respected by the staff at
the nursing home. Given the opportunity to retain or improve their physical abilities is an
important factor. (For example, the opportunity to improve their walking capabilities)
7.3 Young Adults (County Residents Age 18 -30)
Twenty-one county residents participated in the focus groups in the cities of San Augustine and
Broaddus. It was important to include the youth to ensure their input since the CNAQ had low
representative of residents aged 18 – 30.
Many of the young adults interviewed live in San Augustine permanently and have family
connections in the county. The main challenges identified by the young adult population of San
Augustine County are - adequate employment opportunities, nearby activities and entertainment,
and continuing education programs.
The following table provides a sample of demographic information of the one focus group.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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Table 50: Sample Demographics
Gender
Race
Age
Employment
Commute
Marital
to work?
Status
Children
F
W
28
Self-employed
No
S
0
F
W
27
Student
Yes
M
2
M
W
26
Funeral Home
No
S
0
M
W
30
Trade Services
Yes
S
0
F
W
27
Stay-at-Home Mom
No
M
2
M
W
22
Unemployed
No
S
0
F
W
27
County Employee
No
S
0
F
W
30
Student/Stay-at-Home
No
M
2
Mom
F
B
27
Educator
No
S
0
F
B
27
Educator
No
S
1
Employment
It is evident that it is difficult for young adults to obtain adequate employment and many are
forced to settle for what they can find if they want to stay in the county. According to the focus
group participants, once a person graduates from high school, there are many obstacles that stand
in the way of young adults furthering their education. There are also no continuing education
programs located within the county.
Availability of jobs is a barrier to their quality of life. There are limited options within the
county. One participant stated, “If you stay here in Broaddus you’re mainly going to be a
teacher or a truck driver. That’s basically all you’ve got here”. Of the jobs that are available,
there is a perception that very few hire outside of the family who owns the business, pay well
enough or provide adequate benefits to fulfill the needs of a young adults who are trying to
support a family, or themselves. One participant stated, “If I were to go back and get my masters
in occupational therapy like I planned to, I would make more in a bigger city then I would here”.
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Participants stressed the idea of the need for larger businesses within the county that could
provide young adults with more jobs, especially those that would provide lifelong careers.
Growth and Progress
Focus group participants felt that lack of progress, especially geared towards the younger
generation, is one of the main challenges in the county. One participant stated, “I think there’s a
lot of really good progress being made, but none that will actually affect the younger group”. In
regards to community progress another participant stated, “I just don’t see it. That’s all I’ve got
to say about that”. Overall, participants agreed that the amount of effective progress is severely
lacking within this county.
Poverty
Young adults experience financial difficulties and poverty. They are also concerned about the
levels of poverty in the county. One participant stated that poverty is, “probably the biggest issue
in San Augustine County”. Participants explained that the poverty within the county is often
persistent within families, making it challenging for future generations to escape that lifestyle. In
regards to poverty, one participant stated, “There’s a saying with the poor people, I can’t buy a
car because I don’t have a job and I can’t get a job because I don’t have a car. And that’s where
you’re stuck at”. Participants felt the extreme poverty seen within some areas contributes to the
county being unappealing to outsiders. One participant stated, “It’s the norm to live in poverty.
It’s the norm not to try and do better”.
Education
Participants were of the opinion that there is a lack of opportunity for higher education and
continuing education located within the county. There are however opportunities available in
surrounding counties such as Nacogdoches County. Participants are frustrated and discouraged
about this. One participant stated, “Let’s say, I want to get a better education…I’m an hour from
the nearest spot to get that so, it’s kind of hard to like have to drive all the way out there”.
Participants also stated that many young adults do not consider the importance of higher
education. One participant stated, “If you have parents that are uneducated then, it’s not
influenced in your household for education to be important”.
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Safety
Participants were clear about how safe they feel living in San Augustine County. They are
positive about safety and the overall law enforcement in the county. There was not a single
participant that expressed concerns about feeling unsafe while living in this community. Both
focus groups had participants who mentioned that they often sleep with their doors unlocked.
One participant stated, “I think it’s pretty safe. I’ve been here a year and I mean, I can’t really
remember any crime in town”. Participants take great pride of the idea that they do not have to
worry about safety within this community.
Recreation Activities
There is a need for more activities and entertainment directed at young adults and families with
children. According to the participants, there is a lack of activities and entertainment geared
towards the young adult population. Participants stated that they often have to go outside of the
county just to go to the movies, shopping or to dine. The nearest places for entertainment are
between forty five minutes to an hour away and participants stated that many people are unable
to make that trip for a number of reasons, but mainly due to lack of time, money and
transportation. In regards to this issue one participant stated, “…everybody’s so broke now;
nobody wants to drive an hour to Lufkin”. Participants also expressed how they struggle with
finding activities and entertainment for their children to do within the county. One participant
stated, “We have to travel to Center or Nacogdoches for my daughter to do anything. Like get
into sports, extracurricular, and stuff”.
Availability of Drugs
The use of illegal drugs is one of the most prevalent issues and it affects all age groups,
particularly the young adult population. Participants mentioned that the use of illegal drugs is a
popular activity that many young adults encounter. One participant stated, “Drugs is one of the
biggest problems in San Augustine”. An important contributing factor that contributes to this
issue is the lack of recreational activities within the county.
A participant stated, “…there’s nothing to do but to get in trouble around here”. Participants
explained that when education is not a priority and there is so little activities/entertainment for
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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people to engage in, people often turn to drugs. It is also believed that if more effective
measures were taken to address this issue, the problem would be minimized.
Social Support
The focus group members consider the friendliness of county residents as a contributing factor to
their positive attitude towards the county. Participants explained that everyone knows each other
and it enhances support in the community. One participant stated, “I enjoy the fact that a lot of
people are friendly. Even if I see somebody five times a day, I’m still going to wave five times
that day. And we’re close knit”. Participants stressed the idea that people are always willing to
“lend a helping hand” [words of a participant] when they know someone may be in need or
going through a difficult time. One participant stated, “I love how everybody is there to help
each other and like when somebody loses somebody you know…like, everybody pulls together
and like helps them and you know…is there for them”.
Participants stated that they feel as though community support is geared towards the elderly
population. They are of the opinion that the county is a retirement community that is more
concerned with meeting the needs of the older population. One participant stated that the view
of San Augustine is “Come here to retire, but don’t stay if you’re young”. There are many
young adults who are motivated to be involved or support the community. One participant
stated, “I think there would be support, but there are not enough of us”.
7.4 Hispanic/Latino Residents
The Hispanic/Latino population was included in the needs assessment through a CNAQ
translated in Spanish as well as interviews with key informants. A family based event was
organized where the Latino population was to share their thoughts and experiences about living
in the county. Personal interviews were also conducted and a group discussion was held for any
comments or questions for participants. The information available is limited; however it does
provide some insight in how Latino residents experience strengths and barriers in the county.
The following questions were asked during the personal interviews:
1. Do you live in San Augustine? Do you commute for work?
2. What services would you like to see here? What services would your family benefit
from?
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3. What will keep you here in the future?
4. Why do you want to stay in San Augustine?
5. What can the county change?
6. What strengths and challenges do you face?
7. What major problems do you see in the community?
From the interviews with key informants certain barriers were identified:
Job Opportunities
Limited job opportunities exist for Latino families. They have to travel to Nacogdoches or Center
(for example to the Tyson plant) for work. Jobs are considered as strengths even though they have
to commute. A county resident commented: “There are no jobs here. I have to commute. My job is
my strength – it keeps me going everyday”
Family
The most important factor keeping Latino families in San Augustine County is the stability of
family. Having extended family to help with child care is an important factor in trying to reach
financial stability.
Barriers to Services
Accessibility to medical care is considered as a barrier. Elderly Latino residents specifically are in
need of care. However the participants were positive about medical care according to the
following responses: The medical care provided by the Government is helpful” and “Even though
we travel far for medical attention, they at least charge a low cost”.
Language barriers are considered a factor in not seeking services. The participants indicated that
education for Latinos such as offering English classes would increase job opportunities, learning
new skills and communicating with other people in the community.
It seems that Latino residents are hesitant to ask for services.. One of the responses emphasized
this: “Even if there were services available to Spanish speaker, many times people do not want to
inform us or work with use because they see us as taking all their resources”. There was some
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
61
resistance in participating in the interviews and completion of the CNAQ. Some Latino residents
voiced a sense of uncertainty.
8.
CONCLUSION
San Augustine County residents participated in a comprehensive county needs assessment. A
participatory action model was used to develop a community profile, identify and explore needs
related to social services, collect residents’ perceptions related to problems and services in the
county, describe at risk populations and identify strengths and challenges.
Overall the needs assessment highlighted strengths in the county. Residents are actively involved
in the community and are positive about making a difference. The importance of addressing the
limited availability of social services was highlighted through this project. Residents are actively
volunteering to address the gaps due to the lack of services. The strong will and commitment to
take care of residents in need is a strength in the county. Residents perceive several problems as
high priority. Substance abuse and problems related to manufacturing drugs impact quality of life
of county residents. Specific at risk populations were identified namely elderly county residents,
children, young adults and Hispanic/Latino residents. Each of these groups experiences their own
challenges and due to the lack of social services, their meets are not being met.
9.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. In order to effectively address the problems in San Augustine County, it is important to
provide social services located within the county. Getting funded agencies tasked to deliver
established services should be a priority. These social services should address the needs
identified in the study – substance abuse, mental health, child and adult protection services
(including the elderly). An increase and presence of service providers in the county will raise
awareness of the needs of certain at risk populations including the elderly, mental health
patients, children who are abused and those affected by substance abuse and addiction. It is
anticipated that the number of reports will increase and it will create an atmosphere of
support and help to the community;
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2. In order to develop social services, it is important to focus on prevention, treatment and aftercare. It is recommended that services provided in the county focus on a continuum of care
rather than one part of the continuum. For example, if county residents have to receive aftercare services in other counties, it may impact the success rate of services;
3. Services should be accessible in terms of language – specifically to the Spanish speaking
population. The program to teach English to non - English speaking residents is a valuable
resource. It is important to raise awareness on the availability of this important resource;
4. By ensuring services, the need for volunteers will also increase. San Augustine County
residents are committed to the enhancement of their quality of life. The strong volunteer
support can be used to strengthen social services. It is recommended that an alliance of
volunteers is created to strengthen and structure the volunteer base. Information about
volunteer services should be readily available to county residents;
5. A one-stop model for social services is recommended. The model enhances accessibility for
service delivery. Such a model will enable service providers to effectively refer clients or
patients without the need for additional transportation;
6. Addressing the needs of the youth in the county should be a priority. Existing resources for
the youth should be strengthened. It is also important to raise awareness about the different
resources for youth;
7. It is important for the county to identify sustainable strategies to keep young individuals and
families in the county. These strategies should be strengthened by sustainable economic
development and an increase in educational opportunities to develop a trade or a profession;
8. It is recommended that a partnership network is developed to strengthen efforts for grant
applications and service development. The partnership network should include agencies and
institutions with resources. It is important to include county residents who will take
ownership of sustainable change;
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9. Information on support groups, food pantries and services should be made available to
county residents on a continuous basis. In addition to the resources guide, information should
be published and distributed through churches and newspapers;
10. The county should raise awareness of the existing services. The San Augustine County
Resource Guide (2013) provides comprehensive information about the services. This
information should be distributed to churches, the schools, medical centers and all agencies
delivering services;
11. The need for child care service should be a priority. Child care services will enable parents to
work and will contribute to financial stability of families. Training in child care should be
developed;
12. Adequate infrastructure specific to garbage collection and animal control should be
developed and strengthened;
13. Medical services and dental care should be strengthened;
14. A recreation center or a central community center should be developed. It should include a
place where activities for children and youth can be presented;
15. Volunteers, teachers and other professionals should be trained to identify risks in the county.
Specific training on the identification of child abuse, elderly abuse and substance abuse
should be a priority;
16. Educational opportunities should be brought to San Augustine County. This should include
the development of a vocational training program;
17. The lack of public transportation creates challenges for many residents. The development of
a transportation system with access for all county residents should be a priority;
18. It is recommended that further research on economic development and resources be
conducted. Further research on at risk populations including children who have been abused
and neglected, elderly, young adults and undocumented persons is necessary. Other groups
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64
include persons with disabilities and people who have been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS;
19. A follow-up study of the needs assessment is important. It is also recommended that after
services have been implemented in the county, an evaluation should be done;
20. The current strategic plan of the county already includes information based on the county
needs assessment. It is important to include and update the information as it relates to the
strategic plan.
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REFERENCES
Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2012). Kids Count profile for San Augustine County. Retrieved
from
http://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/bystate/stateprofile.aspx?state=TX&group=All&loc=
6717&dt=1%2c3%2c2%2c4
Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2013). Selected Kids Count indicators for San Augustine County.
Retrieved from http://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/customreports/6717/any
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Other At Risk Populations. Retrieved from:
http://www.cdc.gov/
City County Data Book (2012). Retrieved from http://www.city-data.com/county/San_Augustine
County
Cooper, H.S. (2013). San Augustine County Social Services Needs Assessment and Community
Profile. Nacogdoches, TX: SFA.
Rural Assistance Center. (n.d.). What is rural? Retrieved from
http://www.raconline.org/topics/what-is-rural/
San Augustine County Resources Guide. (2013). San Augustine County, TX: San Augustine
County Judge’s Office.
Sedlak, A.J., Mettenburg, J., Basena, M., Petta, I., McPherson, K., Greene, A., and Li, S. (2010).
Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NIS–4): Report to
Congress, Executive Summary. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Administration for Children and Families.
Texas Department of Family and Protective Services, DFPS. (2010). 2010 Annual Report and
Data Book. Retrieved from
http://www.dfps.state.tx.us/About_DFPS/Data_Books_and_Annual_Reports/2010/default
.asp
Texas Department of Family and Protective Services, DFPS. (2011). 2011 Annual Report and
Data Book. Retrieved from
http://www.dfps.state.tx.us/About_DFPS/Data_Books_and_Annual_Reports/2011/default
.asp
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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Texas Department of Family and Protective Services, DFPS. (2012). 2012 Annual Report and
Data Book. Retrieved from
http://www.dfps.state.tx.us/About_DFPS/Data_Books_and_Annual_Reports/2012/default
.asp
U.S. Department of Commerce, & United States Census Bureau. (2010).San Augustine
County [Data file]. Retrieved from http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/48405.html.
U.S. Department of Commerce, & United States Census Bureau. (2012a).San Augustine
County [Data file]. Retrieved from http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/48405.html.
U.S. Department of Commerce, & United States Census Bureau. (2012b). Table 76. Religious
Bodies—Selected Data [Data file]. Retrieved from
http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0076.pdf
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APPENDIXES
Appendix 1
San Augustine County
Community Needs Assessment Questionnaire
Dear community member,
Thank you very much for taking the time to help us with the community needs assessment. This
questionnaire will help us to determine the specific needs in your area. We anticipate that it will take 30
minutes to complete the questionnaire. Please  or encircle your answer. Your feedback is valuable to us.
Thank you for your time!
Section 1:
1. What 3 things do you like most about living in San Augustine County?
2. What kind of struggles are you facing?
3. Where do you get most of your support in the community
4. Do you feel that there are opportunities for you in this community (For example raising a family,
work, education)? Explain.
5. What 3 things would make a better life for you and your family?
Section 2:
1. How would you rate the following in your area:
 Excellent
 Good
 Fair
 Poor
 Do not know



Law enforcement
Emergency 911
Fire protection
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
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Animal control
Garbage collection
Storm drainage
Library service
Ambulance service
Medical/dental services
Mental health services
Public transportation
Roads/highway/streets
Education (public schools)
Substance abuse services
Child care services
Youth programs and recreation
Elderly services
Government assistance (Medicaid, food stamps, Social Security)
Counseling (such as crisis intervention, family counseling)
Food pantries

















2. How safe do you feel where you live?
Day
Very Safe
Safe
Undecided
Unsafe
Very unsafe
Night
Very Safe
Safe
Undecided
Unsafe
Very unsafe
Please explain your answer
3. Which, if any are problems in your area?
 Yes
 No
 Do not know












Condition of houses
Cost of housing
Vandalism
Burglaries
Family violence
Elder abuse, neglect and exploitation
Physical assault
Drug/alcohol abuse
Drug manufacturing
Drug dealers
Gangs
Other
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
69
If other, please explain:
4. Do you have access to the following?
Internet - at home?
Internet – at work?
Internet – at library?
Landline (phone)
Cell phone
Dependable vehicle
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
5. Background Information
The following information is important to assess the needs of San Augustine County for future growth
and development. Please do not give your name.
Important!
5.1
Age: _____
5.2
Gender:
 Male
 Female
 Both answered questionnaire
5.3
Address: (nearest two crossroads)
5.4
Employment
 Employed
 Unemployed
 Self employed
5.5
The major wage earner is employed in the following:
 Agriculture
 Logging and timber
 Oil and gas production
 Services (such as lawn, auto, repair, cleaning)
 Construction
 Manufacturing
 Retail/wholesale
 Transportation, communications and public utilities
 Finance, Insurance, real estate
 Health/Medical care
 Clergy
 Government
 Education
 Service
 Retired
 Homemaker
 Student
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
70
 Other - Please identify _______________________________________________
5.6
What is your family income?
 Less than $10,000
 $10,000 - $19,999
 $20,000 - $29,999
 $30,000 - $39,999
 $40,000 - $49,999
 $50,000 - $59,999
 $60,000 and more
5.7
What was the last year or grade in school your completed?
 Grade school
 Some high school
 High school graduate /GED
 Some college/vocational
 College graduate
 Graduate degree
5.8
How long have you lived in San Augustine County? _____________years
If you have additional comments and/or ideas to assist in assessing San Augustine County needs
please feel free to share them.
Thank you.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
71
Appendix 2
Condado de San Agustín
Cuestionario de Evaluación de Necesidades de la Comunidad San Agustín
Estimado miembro de la comunidad:
Muchas gracias por darnos su tiempo en ayudarnos con la evaluación de necesidades para su
comunidad. Este cuestionario nos ayudara determinar necesidades especificas en su área.
Anticipamos 30 minutos de su tiempo para completar el cuestionario. Porfavor  o circule su
respuesta. Su opinión es valiosa para nosotros. Gracias por su tiempo!
Sección 1:
6. Qué 3 cosas le gustan mas de vivir en el condado de San Agustín?
7. Qué tipo de luchas enfrenta usted?
8. De donde recibe usted la mayoría de apoyo en su comunidad?
9. Piensa qué hay oportunidades para usted en la comunidad (Por ejemplo crear una familia,
trabajo, educación)? Explique.
10. Qué 3 cosas haría una mejor vida para usted y su familia?
Sección 2:
6. Cómo calificaría los siguientes en su área:
 Excelente
 Bueno
 Regular
 Malo
 No sabe
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
Aplicación de la ley
Emergencia 911
Protección contra incendios
Servicio de control de aimales
Colección de basura
Drenaje de aguas de tormenta
Servicio de biblioteca
Servicio de ambulancia
Servicios medicos/dentales
Servicios de salud mental
Transporte public
Carreteras/autopista/calles
Educación (escuelas públicas)
Servicios de abuso de sustancias
Servicios de cuidado de niños
Programas para la juventud y recreación
Servicios para los ancianos
Asistencia del gobierno (Medicaid, estampillas de comida, Seguridad
Social)
Apoyo psicológico (como intervención de crisis, asesoramineto
familiar)
Despensas de alimento




















7. Qué seguridad siente donde vive usted?
Día
Muy Seguro
Seguro
Sin decisión
Inseguro
Muy inseguro
Noche
Muy Seguro
Seguro
Sin decisión
Inseguro
Muy inserguro
Por favor explique su respuesta.
8. Cuales, si algunos son problemas en su área?
 Si
 No
 No sé
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
Condición de casas
Costo de la vivienda
Vandalismo
Robos
Violencia familiar
Maltrato al anciano, negligencia, explotación
Agresión fisica
Abuso de droga/ alcohol
Fabricación de drogas
Traficantes de drogas
Pandillas
Otra cosa












Si otro, por favor explique:
9. Tiene usted acceso a lo siguiente?
Internet – en casa?
Internet – en el trabajo?
Internet – en la biblioteca?
Teléfono de casa
Teléfono de cellular
Vehículo seguro
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
No
No
No
No
No
No
10. Información previa
La siguiente información es importante para evaluar las necesidades de el Condado de San
Agustín para futuro crecimiento y desarollo. Por favor no de su nombre.
5.1
Edad: _____
5.2
Sexo:
 Masculino
 Femenino
 Ambos respondieron la encuesta
Importante!
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115
10.3
Dirección: (dos intersecciónes mas cercanas)
5.4
Empleo
 Con empleo
 Sin empleo
 Independiente
5.5
La principal fuente de ingresos es empleado en las siguientes:
 Agricultura
 Explotación forestall y productor de madera
 Producción de petroleo y gas
 Servicios (como de césped, auto, reparar, limpieza)
 Contrucción
 Trabajo de fabricación
 Venta comercial/venta al por mayor
 Transportación, communicación, y servicios públicos
 Finanzas, Seguro, Bienes y raices
 Asistencia medica y de salud
 Clero
 Empleo del gobierno
 Educación
 Servicio militar
 Jubilado
 Ama de casa
 Estudiante
 Otro – Por favor identifique
______________________________________________
5.6
Cuál es su ingreso familiar?
 Menos de $10,000
 $10,000 - $19,999
 $20,000 - $29,999
 $30,000 - $39,999
 $40,000 - $49,999
 $50,000 - $59,999
 $60,000 o mas
5.7
Cuál fue el último año o grado en la escuela qué completo?
 Escuela primaria
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115





5.8
Alguna escuela secundaria
Graduado de escuela secundaria /GED (diploma de equivalencia general)
Algunos estudios universitarios/formación profesional
Graduado de la universidad
Maestría
Cuánto tiempo ha vivido en el condado de San Agustín? _____________años
Si usted tiene comentarios adicionales o ideas de asistir en la evaluación de necesidades del
condado de San Agustín, por favor de compartir.
Gracias.
San Augustine County, Texas - Community Needs Assessment IRB # AY2012-1115