GENERAL GUIDELINES ON RECORDING ATTRIBUTES OF MANIFESTATIONS AND ITEMS
1.1.3
1
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON RECORDING
ATTRIBUTES OF MANIFESTATIONS AND ITEMS
1.0 Scope
This chapter sets out the functional objectives and principles underlying the guidelines and instructions in
chapters 2 – 4 on recording attributes of manifestations and items, and specifies core elements for the description
of those entities.
The chapter also provides guidelines and instructions on transcription, recording numbers and dates, and
formulating notes that apply to various elements in chapters 2 – 4.
1.1 Terminology
1.1.1 Explanation of Key Terms
There are a number of terms used in this chapter and in chapters 2 – 4 that carry meanings specific to their use
in RDA. The meanings of a number of key terms are explained under 1.1.2 – 1.1.5. Terms used as data
element names are defined at the beginning of the instructions for the specific element. In addition, all terms
used with a specific technical meaning are defined in the glossary.
1.1.2 Resource
The term resource is used in chapters 2 – 4 to refer to a manifestation or item (see 1.1.5).
When used in the context of the descriptive elements covered in chapters 2 – 4, the term resource normally
refers to a manifestation. However, for certain elements covered in those chapters (e.g., custodial history of
item, immediate source of acquisition of item), the resource referred to is an item.
The term resource should be read, where applicable, to include not only an individual entity, but also
aggregates and components of such entities (e.g., three sheet maps, a single slide issued as part of a set of
twenty, an article in an issue of a scholarly journal).
The term resource may refer either to a tangible entity (e.g., an audiocassette) or to an intangible entity (e.g., a
Web site).
1.1.3 Mode of Issuance
Certain guidelines and instructions in chapters 2 – 4 refer specifically to resources issued in a particular
manner.
The term resource issued as a single unit refers to a resource that is issued either as a single physical unit (e.g.,
as a single-volume monograph) or, in the case of an intangible resource, as a single logical unit (e.g., as a
PDF file mounted on the Web).
The term multipart monograph refers to a resource issued in two or more parts (either simultaneously or
successively) that is complete or intended to be completed within a finite number of parts (e.g., a dictionary in
two volumes, three audiocassettes issued as a set).
The term serial refers to a resource issued in successive parts, usually bearing numbering, that has no
predetermined conclusion (e.g., a periodical, a monographic series, a newspaper).
The term integrating resource refers to a resource that is added to or changed by means of updates that do not
remain discrete but are integrated into the whole. An integrating resource may be tangible (e.g., a loose-leaf
manual that is updated by means of replacement pages) or intangible (e.g., a Web site that is updated either
continuously or on a cyclical basis).
Guidelines and instructions in chapters 2 – 4 that are designated as being applicable to serials apply also to
resources that exhibit characteristics of serials, such as successive issues, numbering, and frequency, but
whose duration is limited (e.g., newsletters of events) and to reproductions of serials.
RDA: Resource Description and Access
1-1
1.1.4
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON RECORDING ATTRIBUTES OF MANIFESTATIONS AND ITEMS
1.1.4 Comprehensive, Analytical, and Hierarchical Description
A number of the guidelines and instructions in chapters 2 – 4 refer to specific ways of describing a resource
(see 1.5).
The term comprehensive description refers to a description that describes the resource as a whole (e.g., a
map, a periodical, a collection of posters assembled by a library, a kit consisting of a filmstrip, an audiotape,
and a teacher’s manual).
The term analytical description refers to a description that describes a part of a larger resource (e.g., a single
volume of a three-volume biography, a single map forming part of a map series).
The term hierarchical description refers to a description that combines a comprehensive description of the
whole resource with analytical descriptions of one or more of its parts.1
1. Some resource description standards use the term multilevel description to refer to the type of description
referred to in RDA as hierarchical description.
1.1.5 Work, Expression, Manifestation, and Item
The terms work, expression, manifestation, and item are used as follows:
The term work refers to a distinct intellectual or artistic creation (i.e., the intellectual or artistic content).
The term expression refers to the intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric,
musical, or choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement, etc., or any combination of such forms.
The term manifestation refers to the physical embodiment of an expression of a work.
The term item refers to a single exemplar or instance of a manifestation.
Each of the above terms should be read, where applicable, to include not only an individual entity, but also
aggregates and components of such entities (i.e., the term work should be read to include aggregate works
and components of works as well as individual works, etc.).
1.2 Functional Objectives and Principles
The data describing a manifestation or item should enable the user to:
a)
find manifestations and items that correspond to the user's stated search criteria
b)
identify the resource described (i.e., confirm that the resource described corresponds to the
resource sought, or distinguish between two or more resources with the same or similar
characteristics)
c)
select a resource that is appropriate to the user’s requirements with respect to the physical
characteristics of the carrier and the formatting and encoding of information stored on the
carrier
d)
obtain a resource (i.e., acquire a resource through purchase, loan, etc., or access a
resource electronically through an online connection to a remote computer).
To ensure that the data created using RDA meet those functional objectives, the following principles have been
applied in formulating the guidelines and instructions in chapters 1 – 4:
Differentiation. The data should serve to differentiate the resource described from other resources.
Sufficiency. The data should be sufficient to meet the needs of the user with respect to selection of an appropriate
resource.
Representation. The data should reflect the resource’s representation of itself.
Accuracy. The data should provide supplementary information to correct or clarify ambiguous, unintelligible, or
misleading representations made on sources of information forming part of the resource itself.
1-2
RDA: Resource Description and Access
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON RECORDING ATTRIBUTES OF MANIFESTATIONS AND ITEMS
1.3
Common usage. Data that is not transcribed from the resource itself should reflect common usage.
In RDA, transcription of data from the source is used as a means of ensuring that, where applicable, the data
reflects the resource’s representation of itself. Transcription often functions as well as a means of differentiating
one resource from another.
1.3 Core Elements
When describing a manifestation or item, include as a minimum all the elements listed below that are applicable
and readily ascertainable.
Title
Title proper
Statement of responsibility
Statement of responsibility relating to title proper (if more than one, only the first recorded is
required)
Edition statement
Designation of edition
Designation of a named revision of an edition
Numbering of serials
Numeric and/or alphabetic designation of first issue or part of sequence (for first or only
sequence)
Chronological designation of first issue or part of sequence (for first or only sequence)
Numeric and/or alphabetic designation of last issue or part of sequence (for last or only
sequence)
Chronological designation of last issue or part of sequence (for last or only sequence)
Production statement
Date of production (for a resource in an unpublished form)
Publication statement
Place of publication (if more than one, only the first recorded is required)
Publisher’s name (if more than one, only the first recorded is required)
Date of publication
Distribution statement
Place of distribution (for a published resource, if place of publication not identified; if more than
one, only the first recorded is required)
Distributor’s name (for a published resource, if publisher not identified; if more than one, only
the first recorded is required)
Date of distribution (for a published resource, if date of publication not identified)
Manufacture statement
Place of manufacture (for a published resource, if neither place of publication nor place of
distribution identified; if more than one, only the first recorded is required)
Manufacturer's name (for a published resource, if neither publisher nor distributor identified; if
more than one, only the first recorded is required)
Date of manufacture (for a published resource, if neither date of publication, date of distribution,
nor copyright date identified)
Copyright date
Copyright date (if neither date of publication nor date of distribution identified)
Series statement
Title proper of series
Numbering within series
Title proper of subseries
Numbering within subseries
RDA: Resource Description and Access
1-3
1.4
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON RECORDING ATTRIBUTES OF MANIFESTATIONS AND ITEMS
Identifier for the manifestation
Identifier for the manifestation (if more than one, prefer an internationally recognized identifier if
applicable)
Carrier type
Carrier type
Extent
Extent (only if the resource is complete or if the total extent is known)
Include any additional elements that are required in a particular case to differentiate the manifestation or item
from one or more other manifestations or items bearing similar identifying information.
1.4 Language and Script
Record the elements listed below in the language and script in which they appear on the sources from which they
are taken.
Title
Title proper
Parallel title proper
Other title information
Parallel other title information
Variant title
Earlier title proper
Later title proper
Key title
Abbreviated title
Statement of responsibility
Statement of responsibility relating to title proper
Parallel statement of responsibility relating to title proper
Edition statement
Designation of edition
Parallel designation of edition
Statement of responsibility relating to the edition
Parallel statement of responsibility relating to the edition
Designation of a named revision of an edition
Parallel designation of a named revision of an edition
Statement of responsibility relating to a named revision of an edition
Parallel statement of responsibility relating to a named revision of an edition
Numbering of serials
Numeric and/or alphabetic designation of first issue or part of sequence
Chronological designation of first issue or part of sequence
Numeric and/or alphabetic designation of last issue or part of sequence
Chronological designation of last issue or part of sequence
Alternative numeric and/or alphabetic designation of first issue or part of sequence
Alternative chronological designation of first issue or part of sequence
Alternative numeric and/or alphabetic designation of last issue or part of sequence
Alternative chronological designation of last issue or part of sequence
1-4
RDA: Resource Description and Access
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON RECORDING ATTRIBUTES OF MANIFESTATIONS AND ITEMS
Optional Addition
Production statement
Place of production
Parallel place of production
Producer’s name
Parallel producer’s name
Date of production
Publication statement
Place of publication
Parallel place of publication
Publisher’s name
Parallel publisher’s name
Date of publication
Distribution statement
Place of distribution
Parallel place of distribution
Distributor’s name
Parallel distributor’s name
Date of distribution
Manufacture statement
Place of manufacture
Parallel place of manufacture
Manufacturer's name
Parallel manufacturer's name
Date of manufacture
Series statement
Title proper of series
Parallel title proper of series
Other title information of series
Parallel other title information of series
Statement of responsibility relating to series
Parallel statement of responsibility relating to series
Numbering within series
Title proper of subseries
Parallel title proper of subseries
Other title information of subseries
Parallel other title information of subseries
Statement of responsibility relating to subseries
Parallel statement of responsibility relating to subseries
Numbering within subseries
Alternative
If an element listed above cannot be recorded in the script used on the source from which it is
taken, record it in a transliterated form.
Optional Addition
Record an element listed above in a transliterated form in addition to the form recorded in the script
used on the source.
RDA: Resource Description and Access
1-5
Exception
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON RECORDING ATTRIBUTES OF MANIFESTATIONS AND ITEMS
When adding data within an element listed above, record the added data in the language and script of the other
data in the element unless the instructions for a specific element indicate otherwise.
When recording an element listed above as a supplied element, record the supplied element in the most
appropriate language and script.
Record all other elements (including notes) in the language and script, or languages and scripts, preferred by the
agency creating the data.
Exception
Record a name, title, or quotation incorporated into a note in the language and script in which it
appears on the source from which it is taken.
Alternative
Record a name, title, or quotation incorporated into a note in a transliterated form.
1.5 Type of Description
1.5.1 Different Ways of Describing a Resource
A resource may be described in any of the following ways that are applicable and appropriate to the purpose of
the description:
a)
using a comprehensive description (see 1.5.2)
b)
using an analytical description (see 1.5.3)
c)
using a hierarchical description (see 1.5.4)
1.5.2 Comprehensive Description
A comprehensive description may be used to describe as a whole any of the following types of resources:
a)
a resource issued as a single unit (e.g., a single audio disc, a PDF document)
b)
a multipart monograph (e.g., three videocassettes issued as a set, a kit consisting of a
digital videodisc, a model, and an instruction booklet)
c)
a serial (e.g., a magazine published in monthly issues, an online journal)
d)
an integrating resource (e.g., an updating loose-leaf, a Web site that is updated on a
periodic basis)
e)
a collection of two or more units assembled by a private collector, a dealer, a library, an
archive, etc. (e.g., a private collection of printed theatre programs, a database of digital
images compiled by a museum, an archive of personal papers).
When using a comprehensive description, details relating to the parts of the resource may be recorded in any
of the following ways that are applicable:
a)
as part of the description of the carrier (see 3.1.4)
b)
as a reference to a related work (see 25.1)
c)
as a reference to a related manifestation (see 27.1).
1.5.3 Analytical Description
An analytical description may be used to describe any of the following types of parts:
1-6
RDA: Resource Description and Access
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON RECORDING ATTRIBUTES OF MANIFESTATIONS AND ITEMS
1.6.2.2
a)
a part contained within a larger resource issued as a single unit (e.g., the music for a single
song printed as part of a volume containing music for twelve songs, one remote-sensing
image in a database containing three hundred images)
b)
a part of a multipart monograph (e.g., a filmstrip issued as part of a kit containing the
filmstrip, an audiotape, and a pamphlet)
c)
a part of a serial (e.g., a single volume of a series, a single issue of a periodical, an article
in a magazine or online journal)
d)
a part of an integrating resource (e.g., one chapter in an administrative manual issued as
an updating loose-leaf volume, a discussion paper on a regularly updated Web site)
e)
a part of a collection assembled by a private collector, a dealer, a library, an archive, etc.
(e.g., a set of lithographs in a collection of art prints, a digital recording of a performance in
a database compiled by a repertory theatre).
Separate analytical descriptions may be prepared for any number of parts of a larger resource (i.e., for one
part only, for two or more selected parts, or for all parts of the resource).
When using an analytical description, details relating to the larger resource or to other parts of the resource
may be recorded in any of the following ways that are applicable:
a)
as a series statement (see 2.12)
b)
as a reference to a related work (see 25.1)
c)
as a reference to a related manifestation (see 27.1).
1.5.4 Hierarchical Description
Any resource consisting of two or more parts may be described using both a comprehensive description for the
whole and analytical descriptions for its parts. If parts of the resource are further subdivided into their own
parts, analytical descriptions may be created for those further subdivisions.
For instructions on recording relationships between works, expressions, manifestations, and items, see
chapters 24 – 28.
For guidelines on presenting the comprehensive description of the whole in combination with analytical
descriptions of one or more of its parts in the form of a hierarchical description, see appendix D (D.1.3).
1.6 Changes Requiring a New Description
1.6.1 Multipart Monographs
1.6.1.1 Change in Mode of Issuance of a Multipart Monograph
Create a new description if a multipart monograph changes to a serial or an integrating resource, or if a
serial or integrating resource changes to a multipart monograph (see 2.13)
1.6.1.2 Change in Media Type of a Multipart Monograph
Create a new description if there is a change in the media type (see 3.2) of a multipart monograph.
1.6.2 Serials
1.6.2.1 Change in Mode of Issuance of a Serial
Create a new description if a serial changes to a multipart monograph or an integrating resource, or if a
multipart monograph or integrating resource changes to a serial (see 2.13)
1.6.2.2 Change in Media Type of a Serial
Create a new description if there is a change in the media type (see 3.2) of a serial.
RDA: Resource Description and Access
1-7
1.6.2.3
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON RECORDING ATTRIBUTES OF MANIFESTATIONS AND ITEMS
1.6.2.3 Major Change in the Title Proper of a Serial
Create a new description if there is a major change in the title proper of a serial (see 2.3.2.12.2).
1.6.2.4 Change in Responsibility for a Serial
Create a new description if there is a change in responsibility that requires a change in the identification of
the serial as a work (see 6.1.3.2).
1.6.2.5 Change in Edition Statement
Create a new description when there is a change in an edition statement indicating a significant change to
the scope or coverage of a serial.
1.6.3 Integrating Resources
1.6.3.1 Change in Mode of Issuance of an Integrating Resource
Create a new description if an integrating resource changes to a multipart monograph or serial, or if a
multipart monograph or serial changes to an integrating resource (see 2.13).
1.6.3.2 Change in Media Type of an Integrating Resource
Create a new description if there is a change in the media type (see 3.2) of an integrating resource.
1.6.3.3 Re-basing of an Integrating Resource
Create a new description for an integrating resource if a new set of base volumes is issued for an updating
loose-leaf.
1.6.3.4 Change in Edition Statement
Create a new description when there is a change in an edition statement indicating a significant change to
the scope or coverage of an integrating resource.
1.7 Transcription
1.7.1 General Guidelines on Transcription
When the instructions in chapters 2 – 4 specify transcription of an element as it appears on the source of
information, apply the general guidelines on capitalization, punctuation, symbols, abbreviations, etc., given
under 1.7.2 – 1.7.9 . When the guidelines given under 1.7.2 – 1.7.9 refer to an appendix, apply the additional
instructions given in that appendix as applicable to the element being transcribed.
Alternatives
If the agency creating the data has established in-house guidelines for capitalization, punctuation,
numerals, symbols, abbreviations, etc., or has designated a published style manual, etc., (e.g., The
Chicago Manual of Style) as its preferred guide, use those guidelines or that style manual in place
of the instructions given under 1.7.2 – 1.7.9 and in the appendices.
If a description created by another agency is used or if data are derived from a digital source of
information using an automated scanning, copying, or downloading process (e.g., by harvesting
embedded metadata or automatically generating metadata), accept the data without modification.
For instructions on transcribing numbers expressed as numerals or as words, see 1.8.1.
1.7.2 Capitalization
Apply the instructions on capitalization given in appendix A.
1.7.3 Punctuation
Transcribe punctuation as it appears on the source, omitting punctuation on the source that separates data to
be recorded as one element from data to be recorded as a different element, or as a second or subsequent
instance of an element.
1-8
RDA: Resource Description and Access
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON RECORDING ATTRIBUTES OF MANIFESTATIONS AND ITEMS
1.7.6
...and then there were none
What is it?...what is it not?
Vessels on the Northwest coast between Alaska and California -- 1543–1811
I don't do dishes!
DDC 21
Appears on the source with punctuation separating it from the other title information: DDC 21: International
perspectives
Vanderbilt University
Appears on source with punctuation separating it from the place of publication: Vanderbilt University, Nashville
Add punctuation, as necessary, for clarity.
Marcel Marceau, ou, L’art du mime
For instructions on the use of prescribed punctuation for the display of descriptive data in ISBD form, see
appendix D (D.1.2).
1.7.4 Diacritical Marks
Transcribe diacritical marks such as accents as they appear on the source of information.
Optional Addition
Add diacritical marks that are not present on the source of information in accordance with standard
usage for the language of the data.
Les misérables
Source of information reads: LES MISERABLES
1.7.5 Symbols
Replace symbols and other characters, etc., that cannot be reproduced by the facilities available with a
description of the symbol enclosed in square brackets.
Robust H [proportional to] stabilization of stochastic hybrid systems with Wiener process
Symbol for “proportional to” appears on source of information
My name is Brain [crossed out] Brian
The word “Brain” appears with an X through it on source of information
Make an explanatory note if necessary (see 2.20).
Ignore typographical devices that are used as separators, etc.
1.7.6 Spacing of Initials and Acronyms
If separate letters or initials appear on the source of information without full stops between them, transcribe the
letters without spaces between them, regardless of spacing on the source.
RDA: Resource Description and Access
1-9
1.7.7
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON RECORDING ATTRIBUTES OF MANIFESTATIONS AND ITEMS
ALA rules for filing catalog cards
prepared by members of the AIAA Technical Committees on Space Systems and Space
Atmosphere Physics
If such letters or initials have full stops between them, omit any internal spaces.
T.U.E.I. occasional papers in industrial relations
The most of S.J. Perelman
edited by P.C. Wason and P.N. Johnson-Laird
W.W. Norton & Company
Publisher's name
1.7.7 Letters or Words Intended to Be Read More Than Once
If a letter or word appears only once but the design of the source of information makes it clear that it is
intended to be read more than once, repeat the letter or word.
Canadian citations
Citations canadiennes
Source of information reads: Canadian CITATIONS canadiennes. Intended readings recorded separately as
title proper and parallel title proper
1.7.8 Abbreviations
Apply the instructions on the use of abbreviations in transcribed elements given in appendix B (B.4).
1.7.9 Inaccuracies
When instructed to transcribe an element as it appears on the source of information, transcribe an inaccuracy
or a misspelled word as it appears on the source, except where instructed otherwise.
The wolrd of television
A comprehensive law book on proceedings under every statute/ordinance with upt-to-date
case law by superior courts
Make a note correcting the inaccuracy if it is considered to be important for identification or access (see 2.20).
If the inaccuracy appears in a title, record a corrected form of the title as a variant title (see 2.3.6) if it is
considered to be important for identification or access.
1.8 Numbers Expressed as Numerals or as Words
1.8.1 General Guidelines
Apply the guidelines given under 1.8.2 – 1.8.5 when recording numbers expressed as numerals or as words in
the elements listed below.
Numeric and/or alphabetic designation of first issue or part of sequence
Chronological designation of first issue or part of sequence
Numeric and/or alphabetic designation of last issue or part of sequence
Chronological designation of last issue or part of sequence
1-10
RDA: Resource Description and Access
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON RECORDING ATTRIBUTES OF MANIFESTATIONS AND ITEMS
Alternatives
Alternative numeric and/or alphabetic designation of first issue or part of sequence
Alternative chronological designation of first issue or part of sequence
Alternative numeric and/or alphabetic designation of last issue or part of sequence
Alternative chronological designation of last issue or part of sequence
Date of production
Date of publication
Date of distribution
Date of manufacture
Copyright date
Numbering within series
Numbering within subseries
Year degree granted
Alternative
Early printed resources. For early printed resources, transcribe numbers expressed as numerals or
as words appearing in numbering of serials, date of production, date of publication, date of
distribution, or date of manufacture in the form in which they appear on the source of information.
When recording numbers expressed as numerals or as words in a transcribed element, transcribe them in the
form in which they appear on the source of information. Apply the general guidelines on transcription (see 1.7),
as applicable.
Fifty key literary theorists
Title proper
55 places to discover your favourite tea
Other title information
1.8.2 Form of Numerals
Record numerals in the form preferred by the agency creating the data, unless the substitution would make the
numbering less clear.
tome 3
Numbering within series on source of information reads: tome III
Alternatives
Record numerals in the form in which they appear on the source of information.
tome III
Numbering within series
Record the numerals in the form in which they appear on the source. Add the equivalent numerals
in the form preferred by the agency creating the data, indicating that the information was taken from
a source outside the resource itself as instructed under 2.2.4.
RDA: Resource Description and Access
1-11
1.8.3
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON RECORDING ATTRIBUTES OF MANIFESTATIONS AND ITEMS
tome III [3]
Numbering within series on source of information reads: tome III
1.8.3 Numbers Expressed as Words
Substitute numerals for numbers expressed as words.
1.8.4 Inclusive Numbers
When recording inclusive dates and other inclusive numbers, record both the first and last number in full.
1967–1972
Source of information reads: 1967–72
1.8.5 Ordinal Numbers
When recording ordinal numbers (expressed either as numerals or as words) taken from an English-language
source, record them as numerals in the form 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.
When recording ordinal numerals (expressed either as numerals or as words) taken from a source in Chinese,
Japanese, or Korean, record them as numerals accompanied by the character indicating that the numeral is
ordinal.
第8
8th in Chinese
When recording ordinal numerals (expressed either as numerals or as words) taken from a source in a
language other than English, Chinese, Japanese, or Korean, record them as numerals, following the usage of
the language if ascertainable.2
1er, 1re, 2e, 3e, etc.
French
1., 2., 3., etc.
German
1o, 1a, 2o, 2a, 3o, 3a, etc.
Italian
If the usage of a language cannot be ascertained, use the form 1., 2., 3., etc.
2. A useful source for the form of ordinal numerals in European languages is: C.G. Allen, A Manual of European
Languages for Librarians, 2nd ed. (London; New Providence, NJ: Bowker-Saur, ©1999).
1.9 Dates
1.9.1 General Guidelines
When recording dates appearing on the source of information, apply the guidelines given under 1.8.
Apply the instructions given under 1.9.2 when recording a supplied date for any of the following:
1-12
RDA: Resource Description and Access
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON RECORDING ATTRIBUTES OF MANIFESTATIONS AND ITEMS
a)
date of production (see 2.7.6.6)
b)
date of publication (see 2.8.6.6)
c)
date of distribution (see 2.9.6.6)
d)
date of manufacture (see 2.10.6.6).
1.9.2.5
For additional instructions on recording dates in the Christian calendar, see appendix H.
1.9.2 Supplied Dates
Record a supplied date or dates as instructed under 1.9.2.1 – 1.9.2.5, as applicable. Indicate that the date was
taken from a source outside the resource itself as instructed under 2.2.4.
1.9.2.1 Actual Year Known
If the actual year is known, record the year.
[2003]
1.9.2.2 Either One of Two Consecutive Years
If the date is known to be either one of two consecutive years, record both years separated by or.
[1971 or 1972]
1.9.2.3 Probable Year
If the probable year is known, record the year followed by a question mark.
[1969?]
1.9.2.4 Probable Range of Years
If the probable date falls within a range of years, record the earliest probable year preceded by between and
followed by and, then the latest probable year followed by a question mark.
[between 1846 and 1853?]
[between 1800 and 1899?]
[between 1970 and 1979?]
[between 1400 and 1600?]
1.9.2.5 Earliest and/or Latest Possible Date Known
If the earliest possible date is known, record not before followed by the date.
If the latest possible date is known, record not after followed by the date.
[not after August 21, 1492]
If both the earliest possible and latest possible dates are known, record between followed by the earliest
possible date, then and and the latest possible date.
RDA: Resource Description and Access
1-13
1.10
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON RECORDING ATTRIBUTES OF MANIFESTATIONS AND ITEMS
[between August 12, 1899 and March 2, 1900]
1.10 Notes
1.10.1 General Guidelines on Notes
When the instructions in chapters 2 – 7 specify making a note, apply the general guidelines on capitalization,
quotations, references, etc., given under 1.10.2 – 1.10.5
1.10.2 Capitalization
Apply the instructions on the capitalization of notes given in appendix A (A.8).
Alternatives
If the agency creating the data has established in-house guidelines for capitalization, or has
designated a published style manual, etc., (e.g., The Chicago Manual of Style) as its preferred
guide, use those guidelines or that style manual in place of appendix A.
If information used in a note is derived from a digital source using an automated scanning, copying,
or downloading process (e.g., by harvesting embedded metadata or automatically generating
metadata), record the information as it appears on the source, without modifying the capitalization.
1.10.3 Quotations
Record quotations from the resource or from other sources in quotation marks. Follow the quotation by an
indication of its source, unless that source is the preferred source of information for the identification of the
resource (see 2.2.2).
“Published for the Royal Institute of Public Administration”
“A textbook for 6th form students”—Preface
“Generally considered to be by William Langland”—Oxford companion to English literature
1.10.4 References
Refer to passages in the resource, or in other sources, if these either support assertions made in the
description or save repetition of information readily available from other sources.
Introduction (page xxix) refutes attribution to John Bodenham
1.10.5 Applicability of the Information Recorded in a Note
If it is known that the note does not apply to the entire resource, identify the applicable part or iteration.
1.11 Facsimiles and Reproductions
When describing a facsimile or reproduction, record the data relating to the facsimile or reproduction in the
appropriate element. Record any data relating to the original manifestation as an element pertaining to a related
work or manifestation, as applicable.
1-14
RDA: Resource Description and Access