List of alien diseases of woody
plants in the CR
Libor Jankovský, , Miloň Dvořák, Dagmar Palovčíková
Mendel university in Brno,
Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology
Dpt. of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management,
Brno
Czechia
Introduction
•
•
•
•
•
Global Invasive Species Database (www.issg.org)
EPPO (www.eppo.org)
NAPPO (www.nappo.org)
Regional Biological Invasion Centre (www.zin.ru)
NEOBIOTA (http://www2.tu-berlin.de/~neobiota/
• Forthreats (Vanini et al 2013)
• Daisa
• European Strategy on Invasive Alien Species (Genovesi et Shine 2003)
http://www.coe.int/t/e/Cultural_Co-operation/Environment/Nature_and_biological diversity/Nature_protection/sc23_tpvs07erev.pdf?L=E
• National lists of invasive species: eg. Lithuania (http://www.ku.lt/lisd/),
Poland (http://www.iop.krakow.pl/ias/).
)
Reasons of spreading of alien species
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction of pathogen to new areas and adaptation into new indigene
host(s) (Dutch elm disease)
Introduction of new pest with new host (Douglas firs – Swiss and Scotch
needle cast, plane – Apiognomonia veneta
Adaptation of indigene plant pathogen on introduced host (White pine blister
rust)
Changed climatic conditions as a factor changing climatic barriers
(Dothistroma needle blight?)
Trade with plant material (Powdery mildew, Dothistroma)
Tourism, incl. scientific meetings (??????)
Methods
0 - organism unknown in the CR, no risk of
introduction
1 - organism unknown in the CR, but present in
geographical area, risk of introduction
2 - organism reported in the CR, under control or
eradicated
3 - organism present in the CR, expected
favorable conditions to spread
4 - organism locally common all over the CR
5 - organism common all over the CR
1.
Chalara fraxinea Kowalski et
Holdenrieder
Fraxinus spp.
origin
Japan, Korea ? 2006 described
5
1.
Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. Pinus strobus, five
needled pine
species
Europe,
1854 – Estonia on 5
mountain areas Pinus strobus
1.
Cryphonectria parasitica
(Murrill.) Barr.
Castanea spp,
Quercus spp.
Asia
1.
Dothistroma septospora (G.
Doroguine) Morelet
Teleom. Mycosphaerella pini
E. Rostrup
Conifers, mostly
pines
Central America ?
(?),
Europe (?)
1.
Erwinia amylovora (Burr.)
Winsl. et al
Rosaceae
North America
1.
Erysiphe azaleae (U. Braun)
U.Braun & S. Takamatsu
Microsphaera azaleae U.
Braun
Rhododendron spp., Asia (?)
Azalea spp.
1.
Erysiphe carpinicola (Hara) U. Carpinus spp.
Braun & S. Takam.
Erysiphe elevata (Burrill) U.
Catalpa spp.
Braun & S. Takam.
Erysiphe flexuosa (Peck) U.
Aesculus spp.
Braun et S. Takamatsu
syn. Uncinula flexuosa
Erysiphe palczewskii
1.
1.
1.
Caragana spp.
N
First
record
form the
CR
Hosts/ alternate
hosts
Evaluatio
n of risks
Quarranti
ne pests
Pathogen
Date of
introdiuct
io/first
reference
Alien diseases of woody plants in the CR
2002 (2007)
Actual distribution
in the CR
Common species
all over the CR
Host in the CR
Fraxinus angustifolia,F,
(Jankovský et
excelsior, F,
Holdenrieder 2009)
pensylvanica, F.
americana
N
Beginning of the Common species
20. century Pinus all over the CR
strobus
Y
2003
5
Y
1957
4
Y
1999 (only from Common species
delivery,
all over the CR
checked by SPA
with Hungarian
origin
2000
1986 (?; unpubl) Mostly western
part of the CR
2000
4
N
2003
Cotoneaster spp.,
Pyracantha,
Crataegus spp.
Parks and
Rhododendron spp.,
plantations, mostly Azalea spp.
in the eastern part
of the CR
East Asia,
Japan,China
North America
2006
3
N
2006
One finding 2006
Carpinus betulus
2002
3
N
2003
Catalpa spp.
North America
2000
4
N
2003
Monitored on
many localities
Common species
all over the CR
Aesculus
hippocastaneum
Asia
?
3
Rare in gardens
Caragana arborescens
1925 Anonymous 2-3
1950 ex Juhásová
1999
1938 Biraghi 1946
2006
References
P. strobus, 5 needles
pines
6 localities, 6
Castanea sati va
vegetative
Quercus ruba
compatible groups
Pinus, 19 sp,
Picea, 4 sp.
Jankovský et al.
2004, Haltofová et
al. 2006, 2007
Jankovský et al.
2000, 2004,
Bednarova 2006
Palovčíková et
Dančáková 2005,
Lebeda et al. 2006,
2007, Bacigálová,
Marková 2006
Palovčíková et al
2007
Palovčíková et
al 2007
Palovčíková et
Dančáková 2005,
Palovčíková et al
2007
Lebeda et al. 2007
Pathogen
Hosts/ alternate
hosts
origin
Date of
Evalu Qua First record
introdiuctio/first ation rran form the CR
of
tine
reference
risks pest
s
Actual
distribution in
the CR
Host in the CR
1.
Erysiphe syringae Schwein. Syringa spp.
Syn. Microsphaera syringae
(Schwein) H. Magn.
4
N
2005
Common species Syringa spp.
all over the CR
1.
Erysiphe vanbruntiana var.
sambuci-racemosae (U.
Braun) U. Braun & S.
Takamatsu
Guignardia aesculi (Peck)
V.B. Stewart
Gymnosporangium sabinae
(Dicks.) G. Winter
Lecanosticta acicola
(Thümen) H. Sydow
Teleom.: Mycosphaerella
dearnessii M.E. Barr
5
N
2005
Common species Sambucus spp.
all over the CR
5
N
Asia (?)
5
N
?; EPPO
2
Y
Around 1940 ? Common species Aesculus
50`s
all over the CR
Juniperus sabina/
Pyrus
2007
´two findings
Pinus rotundata
2
N
2008
3 findings
4
N
2002
Localy abundant Alnus spp.
5
N
1907 (?)
1960-1963
(1968)
5
N
1916 (?), 1925
5(?)
N
2
N
Common species Quercus spp.
all over the CR
Castanea spp.
2006, probably Common species Ulmus spp.
around 1960 by all over the CR
symptoms
Probably pressed Ulmus spp.
1932
out by O. novoulmi, now not
confirmed
2000, 2001
Two findings
Pinus spp.
3
N
2002
Spreading
4
N
2002
Common species Alnus spp,
1.
Sambucus spp.
Aesculus spp.
Asia
Juniperus
spp./Pyrus
Conifers, mostly
pines
Asia (?),
Europe
Central
America (?)
Massaria platani
Platanus
America
1.
Melampsoridium
hiratsukanum S. Ito
Alnus spp.
Asia
1.
Microsphaera alphitoides
Griff.
Ophiostoma novo-ulmi
Bras.
Quercus spp.
Castaneaspp.
Ulmus spp.
Asia (?)
1.
Ophiostoma ulmi (Buism.)
Nannf.
Ulmus spp.
North
Amerika, Asia
(?)
Asia (?)
1.
Phacidium infestans P.
Karst.
Phaeocryptopus
gaeumannii (Rohde) Petr.
Pinus spp.
North Europe
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1997 Estonia,
Lithuania
2001 Poland,
1877/1907 (?)
Pseudotsuga spp. North America 1926 (Swiss;?)
Phytophthora alni Brasier & Alnus spp.
Europe (?)
1995
References
Palovčíková et
Dančáková 2005,
Palovčíková et al
2007
Palovčíková et
Dančáková 2005,
Palovčíková et al
2007
Jankovský et al
2009
Platanus x acerifolia Unpublishhed
Pinus spp.
Muller 2003
Dvořák et al. 2006
(Polák, 1932,
Kalandra and
Pfeffer, 1935.
Jankovský unpubl.
Pešková 2003,
Jankovský etr al
2007
Černý et al. 2003
First
record in
ČR
Origin
Evaluation
of risks
Quarantin
e pest
Host/alternate
host
References
Pathogen
Date of
introdiucti
o/first
reference
Selection of alien pest of woody plants, not present the CR with high risk of introduction
Distribution in the
CR
References
1.
Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis & Halsted f.sp. Platanus spp.
platani Walter
USA
1944 Italy
1950 France
0-1
Y
-
-
-
1.
Discula destructiva Redlin
Cornus florida.
USA, Canada
2002 Germany
2003 Italy
0-1
Y
-
-
-
1.
Erysiphe catalpae Simonjan
Catalpa spp.
Asia
2004
N
1.
Erysiphe euonymi-japonici (Vienn.-Bourg.) Euonymus spp.
U. Braun & S. Takamatsu
Asia
?
Vajna et 0-1
al 2004)
0-1
N
1931 Piskoř,
Herbarium
specimen
Praha
Herb specimen
M-0016258
The Erysiphales
Collection at
the Botanische
Staatssammlun
g München,
1.
Erysiphe symphoricarpi (Howe) U. Braun
& S. Takamatsu
Symphoricarpus
0-1
N
?
Missing data
Erysiphe syringae-japonicae (U. Braun) U.
Braun & S. Takamatsu
Syringa spp.
1998 Germany, Piatek 0-1
M, 2003
Swiss, Poland,
N
1.
albus
Asia
Russia
1.
1.
1.
Eutypella parasitica R. W. Davidson &
Lorenz
Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg &
O’Donnell,
Syn. Fusarium subglutinans f.sp. pini
Hepting
Teleom. Gibberella circinata Nirenberg &
O’Donnell
Marssonina brunnea (Ell. et Ev.) P. Magn
Acer.
USA, Canada
2005 Slovenia
0-1
Y
-
-
-
Pinus spp.,
S. Amerika
2005 Spain
01(?)
Y
_
Suspected
observation
Fusarium
subglutinans on
Larch
-
North
America
1958
?
N
?
Missing data
Conifers
Populus spp.
Introduced species
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ophiostoma ulmi, O. novo – ulmi
Guignardia aesculi (1940)
Cameraria ohridella (1993)
Phaeocryptopus gaumannii (2003)
Mycosphaerella pini (2000)
Mycosphaerella dearnessii (2003)
Cryphonectria parasitica (2002)
Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup apud Munk,
syn. Scirrhia pini Funk & Parker, Eruptio pini (Rostr.
apud Munk) M. E. Barr,
anamorph
Dothistroma septospora (Dorog.) Morelet,
Dothistroma pini Hulbary,
Cytosporina septospora G. Doroguine,
Actinothyrium marginatum Sacc.,
Septoriella septosporum (Dorog.) Sacc.
Lecanosticta acicola
Alien species of powdery mildews
• New records within past 10-15 yers
• Many local records published in NDR from
Europe actually
• Spreading - results of trade with plant
material? Climatic changes?
List of Alien species of powdery mildews reported from the CR
Erysiphe azaleae (U. Braun) U.Braun & S.
Takamatsu
Microsphaera azaleae U. Braun
Asia (?)
2003
Erysiphe arguata
East Asia,
Japan,China
2006
Erysiphe elevata (Burrill) U. Braun & S. Takam.
North America
2003
Erysiphe euonymi-japonici (Vienn.-Bourg.) U.
Braun & S. Takamatsu
Asia
1931 Piskoř,
Erysiphe flexuosa (Peck) U. Braun et S. Takamatsu
North America
2003
Erysiphe palczewskii Braun & Takamatsu
Syn. Microsphaera palczewskii
Asia
2006
Erysiphe syringae Schwein.
Syn. Microsphaera syringae (Schwein) H. M
Asia ?
2005
Herbarium specimen at
Munchen, recently not
confirmed
syn. Uncinula flexuosa
Microsphaera alphitoides var. alphitoides Griffon Asia ?
& Maubl.
1907 ?
Erysiphe vanbruntiana var. sambuci-racemosae (U. Asia ?
Braun) U. Braun & S. Takamatsu
2005
Erysiphe flexuosa (syn.Uncinuliella flexuosa)
Aesculus pavia, A.hippocastanum, A x carnea
Origin
• N. America have believed… (Braun 1987, Farr et al. 1989), Balcan has also been suggested (Ing &
Spooner 2002)
•Distribution in Europe
Germany (Ale-Agha et al. 2000), Switzerland (Bolay 2000), England (Ing & Spooner 2002), Slovakia
(Zimmermannova-Pastircakova et al. 2002), Hungary (Kiss, Vajina, Fischl, 2004), Slovenia (Milevoj 2004)
Italy (Nali 2006),
Erysiphe elevata
(syn. Microsphaera elevata)
Erysiphe elevata
(syn. Microsphaera elevata)
Catalpa bignoides
Erysiphe elevata
(syn. Microsphaera elevata)
Catalpa bignoides
• Native in the North America on Bignoidaceae, eg. C.
speciosa in Canada
• Europe: Germany, Slovakia, Switzerland, Hungary,
Poland, Italy, Romania, UK…
• Confused in many countries with E. catalpae (confirmed
from Armenia, Germany, Poland, records but not
confirmation from Asia (Iraq,Far East of Russia), Caucasus
(Georgia), Europe, (Estonia, France, Germany, Italy,
Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, UK, the
Ukraine, former Yugoslavia) and South America
(Argentina) )
Erysiphe azaleae
(syn. Microsphaera azaleae)
Erysiphe azaleae
(syn. Microsphaera azaleae)
Rhododendron spp.
Erysiphe arcuata
Carpinus betulus
Distribution:
Asia (Japan, Transcaucasia), Europe (Austria, Germany, Hungary, Ukraine,
Poland)
Some findings reported from Europe as E.carpinicola was ranked to E. arcuata
following studies done by Brown et al. (2006)
Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii
Ash dieback
Economicaly important disease.
• Chalara fraxinea
• Dothistroma septosporum
• Erysiphe azaleae
• Phaeocryptopus gauemannii
• Rhabdocline pseudotsugae
Potential risk
• Dothistroma pini?
• Lecanosticta acicola
• Fusarium circinatum ?
Conclusions
• Several important alien species of woody plants were
introduced within 20th century as a result of changed
social, economical and also natural conditions in
European landscape.
• Opening of borders and trade after 1989 brought
acceleration of spreading of diseases in the area of the
CR together with changing of climatic conditions.
• Situation is not differ from other countries in CE actually
• Presented preliminary list include most 30 most
important species, including 4 quarantine pests and will
by completed.
Thank you for your attention
Welcome at IUFRO WG 7.02.02 Foliage, shoot
and stem disease, Brno/Cerna Hora, Czechia,
May 19-24.
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