Chapter 17:
The Tide of War Turns
Goal: Students will be able to identify and analyze the ways that the Civil War transformed the
nation.
4
I am able to identify, analyze, and explain the ways that the Civil War transformed the
nation.
3
I can identify and analyze the ways that the Civil War transformed the nation.
2
I can identify the ways that the Civil War transformed the nation.
1
With help, I can identify the ways that the Civil War transformed the nation.
Student Name_______________________
Period__________Teacher_____________
Test Date___________________________
Name_________________________________________
SQ3R Chapter 17—The Tide of War Turns, Section 1–The Emancipation Proclamation p.536-541
SURVEY
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Headings and Subheadings:
One American’s Story
A War of Liberation
Abolitionists Demand Action
The Emancipation Proclamation
Response to the Proclamation
Fighting for Freedom
African-American Soldiers
th
The 54 Massachusetts
SURVEY continued
15. Battle of Antietam
Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text:
Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions:
16. p.537
9. Emancipation Proclamation
th
10. 54 Massachusetts Volunteers
17. p.538
11. Emancipate
18. p.539
12. Commander-in-Chief
19. p.540
13. Liberation
14. Prolong
20. p.541
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Name_________________________________________
SQ3R Chapter 17—The Tide of War Turns, Section 1–The Emancipation Proclamation p.536-541
QUESTION Go over the questions to read with a purpose:
 How did the Emancipation Proclamation
affect the war effort?
 How did African-American soldiers
contribute to the Union cause?
 How did the Civil War transform the
nation?
READ/RAP -Read each section below, stop, ask yourself the main idea
and details, Paraphrase/Put it in your own words:
READ continued
25. Response to the Proclamation
Abolitionists mixed feelings about EP. Some
happy it is 1st step. Some angry, EP didn’t free
ALL slaves. N Dems: Angry; say it will prolong
war. South: FURIOUS! How DARE he! N Soldiers:
happy at psychological blow to South army; also
gives North more men to help fight.
26. Fighting for Freedom
21. One American’s Story
EP said Afr-Am men can fight in Union army.
Abolitionists like Frederick Douglass asked
Lincoln to emancipate (free) slaves to help fight
against South.
27. African-American Soldiers
22. A War of Liberation
War made Americans take a stand on slavery
issue, FINALLY!
23. Abolitionists Demand Action
Slavery starts collapsing in South during war.
Lincoln puts out EP as military action in role as
Commander-in-Chief & he doesn’t want to anger
the BORDER STATES.
24. The Emancipation Proclamation (EP)
Jan.1, 1863, Lincoln issues EP.
 All slaved in CSA are free.
 Afr-Ams allowed in Union army.
Fred Douglass wanted Afr-Am soldiers from start
of war to be able to fight. 166 “Colored”
regiments; 180,000 Black soldiers fight & most
came from South. Lots of discrimination/racism.
Some White soldiers learn to respect Afr-Ams on
battlefield.
th
28. 54 Massachusetts
The 54th Massachusetts volunteers were one of
the first Afr-Am regiment. At first they were
discriminated. In July 1863, they lead an attack
on Ft. Wagner, that event increased Afr-Am
enlistment.
North: war to maintain Union & to end slavery.
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Name_________________________________________
SQ3R Chapter 17—The Tide of War Turns, Section 1–The Emancipation Proclamation p.536-541
RETELL/ RECITE Answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS!
29. How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the war effort?
Effects on the North

Effects on the South
Changed purpose of war to include
liberation of slaves
180,000 Afr-Ams enlist in military
Boosts morale of troops (makes them
happier & more confident)
Some in North are angry (abolitionists
& Northern Democrats)
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





South FURIOUS!
South troops concerned with those at
home.
Many slaves run away (hurts
economy)
More outnumbered on battlefield
Interferes with supplies to troops
30. How did African-American soldiers contribute to the Union cause?




Highly motivated to fight harder!
180,000 Afr-Ams enlist in military; 166 regiments
Boosts morale of troops (makes them happier & more confident)
See it as their war to end slavery
31. In what ways did the Civil War transform America?




Gives Afr-Ams the right to fight in combat
Union has more troops
Some Cau-Ams start to respect Afr-Ams soldiers on the battlefield
Ending some slavery (in CSA territory)
Emancipation Proclamation (EP)
Slavery
Military/Soldiers
CSA slaves free
180,000 Afr-Ams enlist
South irate! (really angry)
War of liberation
South economy weakened
54th MA Volunteers @ Ft.
Wagner, SC
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Name_________________________________________
SQ3R Chapter 17—The Tide of War Turns, Section 1–The Emancipation Proclamation p.536-541
REVIEW
Informational Text- Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Review must happen within 24 hours of reading!
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Name_________________________________________
SQ3R Chapter 17—The Tide of War Turns, Section 2–War Affect Society p.542-547
SURVEY Headings and Subheadings:
9) One American’s Story
10) A Divisive Time
11) Disagreements About the War
12) Slaves Undermine the Confederacy
13) The Draft Laws
14) Economic and Social Change
15) Economic Effects of the War
16) Women Aid the War Effort
17) War Transforms Society
SURVEY continued
15. Greenback
16. Inflation
Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions:
10. Copperheads
Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text:
17. p.543
11. Writ of Habeas Corpus
18. p.544
12. Clara Barton
19. p.545
13. Conscription
20. p. 546
14. Income Tax
21. p. 547
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Name_________________________________________
SQ3R Chapter 17—The Tide of War Turns, Section 2–War Affect Society p.542-547
QUESTION Go over the questions to read with a purpose:
 What disagreements happened in the
North and in the South during the war?
 What economic and social changes were
caused by the war?
 In what ways did the Civil War transform
the nation?
READ/RAP -Read each section below, stop, ask yourself the main
idea and details, Paraphrase/Put it in your own words:
22. One American’s Story
April 4, 1863, women cause bread riot over
food shortages in CSA capital of Richmond.
23. A Divisive Time
Not just North v. South. There were
arguments between Northerners (North v.
North) and others between Southerners
(South v. South).
24. Disagreements About the War
1863 West Virginia separates from VA and
joins Union. In North: Copperheads speak out
against Lincoln, so Lincoln puts them in jail
(without/suspended Writ of Habeas Corpus).
25. Slaves Undermine the Confederacy
Slaves weakened CSA by slowing/stopping
work. After EP, runaways increased. Some
would follow Union army.
26. The Draft Laws
North & South passed conscription laws that
forced men to join military. Irish-Ams in NYC
destroy property and harm Afr-Ams during 4day long draft riot.
READ continued
27. Economic and Social Change
In North & South things are changing because of
the war. Women are becoming nurses. Poverty
& hunger problems more in South than in North.
28. Economic Effects of the War
South had outrageously high inflation. 1861 in
North, government creates greenbacks & income
tax to help pay for war.
29. Women Aid the War Effort
Thousands of women served on the front lines as
volunteer workers and nurses such as Clara
Barton & Susie King Taylor. Taylor said, “Many
lives were lost-not men alone but noble women
as well’’. By the end of the war 20,000 nurses had
worked in CSA and Union hospitals. Women
enlisted disguised as men (Jennie Hodgers/Albert
Cashier) and women spies (Harriet Tubman &
Belle Boyd) were sent in as well.
30. War Transforms Society
Women become active in the war effort. Afr-Ams
were starting to gain more rights a several states
began repealing discriminatory laws. In the south,
they questioned why they were asked to fight a
war for rich slave owners. Social resentment,
inflation, and food shortages began to destroy
southern morale because of the war.
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Name_________________________________________
SQ3R Chapter 17—The Tide of War Turns, Section 2–War Affect Society p.542-547
RETELL/ RECITE Answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS!
31. What disagreements happened in the North and in the South during the war?
Northern Disagreements
Southern Disagreements
 Copperheads want peace so Lincoln
suspends Writ of HC & jails them
 Conscription arguments lead to 4-day
draft riot in NYC by Irish-Ams against
Afr-Ams.

 Food shortages lead to bread riots in Richmond
 Poor whites see conscription as unfair because
rich get out of serving if they have 20+ slaves; it
is the “rich man’s war”
 More slaves escape/run-away; slow down or
stop working
 WV leaves VA and rejoins Union as a new
“border” state
32. What economic and social changes were caused by the war?
Economic Changes
Social Changes
 Greenbacks & income tax created in North
to minimize inflation & pay for war.
 Afr-Ams can serve in military
 Poverty & hunger worse in CSA
 Women okay to be nurses
 Minorities & women get work in factories
 Draft laws (conscription)
 Afr-Ams gain more rights
33. In what ways did the Civil War transform the nation?
Afr-Ams are soldiers; women become nurses; women disguised as men serve in military; Afr-Ams get
more rights; women & minorities work in factories; draft laws; slavery decreases; food shortages &
inflation cause problems in society; greenbacks & income tax created to minimize inflation and help pay
for war; inflation;
How did the American Civil War affect society?
The Civil War affected society in many ways.
Political Changes:
Society was affected by
political changes.
Copperheads/Lincoln suspends
Writ of HC to jail them (against
1st Amendment!)
Conscription/Draft laws
Economic Changes
Greenbacks/income tax
Social Changes
Women get more opportunities; nurses
Inflation
Afr-Ams get more rights
Afr-Ams get more jobs
Slavery decreases; runaway/slow
work
WV formed & joins USA
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Name_________________________________________
SQ3R Chapter 17—The Tide of War Turns, Section 2–War Affect Society p.542-547
REVIEW Informational Text- Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Review must happen within 24 hours of reading!
The Civil War affected society in many ways.
______________________________________________________________For starters,
society was affected by political changes.
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Name_________________________________________
Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Section 3: The North Wins p.548-557
Survey Headings and Subheadings:
1. One American’s Story
2. Union Victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg
3. Lee Invades the North
4. The Battle of Gettysburg
5. The Siege of Vicksburg
6. The Confederacy Falls
7. Sherman Takes Atlanta
8. Grant’s Virginia Campaign
9. Richmond Falls
10. Surrender at Appomattox
Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions:
11. Battle of Gettysburg
12. George Pickett
Survey continued
16. Appomattox Court House
17. Dislodge
Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text:
18. p.549
19. p. 550-551
13. Pickett’s Charge
20. p. 552
14. Siege of Vicksburg
21. p.553
15. Sherman’s March to the Sea
22. p.554
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Name_________________________________________
Read: continued
Question: Go over the questions to read with a purpose.






Why were the battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg so
significant?
What advantage did Union forces gain by fighting on
higher ground in the Battle of Gettysburg?
What qualities did Grant have that helped him defeat
Lee?
How did Grant’s new strategy defeat the Confederacy?
Why do you think Grant gave generous terms of
surrender to Lee?
In what ways did the Civil War transform the nation?
Read/RAP:
Read each section below. Stop. Ask yourself the main
idea and details. Paraphrase (put it in your own
words).
23. One American’s Story
Tillie witnessed Gettysburg, PA, battle & tended
Union soldiers who were wounded.
24. Union Victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg
In 1863, CSA General Lee invaded North again.
FATAL mistake! Gettysburg & Vicksburg are
turning points in war.
25. Lee Invades the North
Lee’s victory at Chancellorsville motivated him
to invade North again. In June 1863, he crossed
into US territory. Meets up with US forces at
Gettysburg, PA and fight begins on July 1, 1863.
26. The Battle of Gettysburg
3-day battle was Union win for US Gen. George
Meade. On 3rd day, CSA Gen. Pickett led the
disastrous “Pickett’s Charge”. USA dead 23,000
(1/4), CSA 28,000 (1/3). Lee’s hopes of winning
war crushed and he runs back to VA. Meade
lets him go, so Lincoln isn’t happy with Meade.
28. The Confederacy Falls
March 1864, Lincoln picks Grant as head of all US
forces (Army of the Potomac). Grant chases Lee in
VA, while Sherman tears path of destruction through
Deep South.
29. Sherman Takes Atlanta
Sherman takes Atlanta, GA, in Sept. 1864. His victory
affected the US presidential election (Lincoln v.
McClellan). Lincoln won re-election. Sherman burns
Atlanta in Nov. 1864; then starts March to the Sea
where he uses “total war” which destroys
EVERYTHING that the South can use to fight. Pulls up
railroad tracks (Sherman’s bow ties), burns fields, &
slaughters livestock in his 60-mile wide & 300-mile
long route.
30. Grant’s Virginia Campaign
Grant pursued Lee all over VA. Grant’s strategy was
brutal (no retreat, no surrender) and caused high
casualties. May 1864, at Wilderness, Grant loses
17,000 men. At Spotsylvania & Cold Harbor in June,
7,000 US lost. US forces dig trenches in Petersburg
later in June & starts a 9-month siege.
31. Richmond Falls
April 1865, Lee sent CSA Pres. Davis letter telling him
to leave Richmond. CSA leaves Richmond & burns
anything US could use for war. The fire spreads
through most of Richmond. US forces take control of
Richmond & Lincoln tours it on April 3rd.
32. Surrender at Appomattox
After Richmond fell, Lee headed west trying to get his
troops to supplies. US forces cut him off. Lee
surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House on
April 9, 1865. Grant feeds CSA troops & lets them go
home with personal items & weapons so long as they
promise not to fight anymore.
27. The Siege of Vicksburg
July 4, 1863, Vicksburg, MS, CSA
surrendered city to General Grant (USA)
after a 1½ month siege. Grant has gained
total control of Mississippi (MS) River &
completed his part of Anaconda Plan.
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Name_________________________________________
Recite/Retell answer the essential questions.
33. Why were the battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg so important?



US victory at Vicksburg gives Union full control of Mississippi River and completes 1 part of
Anaconda Plan.
US victory at Gettysburg stops Lee’s 2nd invasion of North. Lee cannot recover from loss of troops,
CSA does not get support from Europe, and CSA cannot force Lincoln into peace talks.
Battles at Gettysburg & Vicksburg ARE THE TURNING POINTS in the war.
34. What advantage did Union forces gain by fighting on higher ground in the Battle of Gettysburg?
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


Higher elevation has better cover (can duck behind horizon of hill)
Stationary (do not have to advance without cover-out in the open)
Can pick off targets without putting themselves at risk
Shooting downward goes with gravity not against it (velocity)
Troops coming up hill will go slower so they are an easier target
35. What qualities did Grant have that helped him defeat Lee?





Willing to lose/sacrifice lives in order to have successful mission
Even though he is NOT a master at strategy, Grant sticks to his plan (determined/single-minded)
Grant continues to follow Lee, he doesn’t quit/give up/take a break
Had bigger population to draw from to get replacement (fresh) soldiers
Had plenty of supplies
36. How did Grant’s new strategy defeat the Confederacy?


Continues to follow Lee’s forces without giving them a rest
Grant doesn’t give up
37. Why do you think Grant gave generous terms of surrender to Lee?




Grant doesn’t want to “punish” them further
Wants to start repairing the damage/hard feelings between North & South
They are no longer enemies once the CSA surrenders; they are all one nation again.
Grant understands that everyone is tired of war and wants to start healing.
38. In what ways did the Civil War transform the nation?



CSA states become part of the USA again
Slaves in the South are free
Lower population because of so many soldiers dying
What led to the North winning the American Civil War?
The North won the American Civil War for several reasons.
Events
Leaders
Strategies
Gettysburg; Pickett
Sherman; his march
Grant: No surrender
Vicksburg
Grant; chases Lee
Sherman: Total war
Appomattox
Finishing Anaconda
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Name_________________________________________
Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Section 3: The North Wins p.548-557
Review
Informational Text Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Remember, the review must happen within 24 hours of reading!
The North won the American Civil War for several reasons.
Transition
Events: There were some key events that led the North to win the American Civil War.
Gettysburg,
Pickett, & disastrous charge
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Name_________________________________________
SQ3R Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Section 4: The Legacy of the War p.558-562
Survey Headings and Subheadings:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
One American’s Story
Costs of War
Terrible Losses
The South in Ruins
Lincoln’s Assassination
The Nation Transformed
A New Nation
The Thirteenth Amendment
Survey continued
Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text:
14. p.559
Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions:
9. Walt Whitman
15. p.560
10. Ford’s Theatre
16. p.561
11. John Wilkes Booth
12. Thirteenth Amendment
17. p.563
13. Ratify
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Name_________________________________________
Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Section 4: The Legacy of the War p.558-562
Question: Go over the questions to read with a purpose





What were the losses and gains of the war?
How might photographs have changed
civilians’ attitudes to war?
What changes did the war bring about?
In what ways are the effects of the Civil War
still being felt today?
How did the Civil War transform the nation?
Read/RAP: Read each section below. Stop. Ask yourself the main
idea and details. Paraphrase (put it in your own words).
18. One American’s Story
Walt Whitman (poet) was too old to be soldier, so
he volunteered as a nurse. He wrote many poems
about the war & Lincoln’s death. Lincoln is 1st
President to be assassinated in office.
19. Costs of War
With defeat of CSA, the Union is preserved, but at a
terrible cost. (All one nation again)
20. Terrible Losses
Civil War is deadliest in US history! 620,000 men
dead (US=360,000; CS=260,000) and 375,000
wounded (US=275,000 and CS=100,000). Many of
the wounded suffer health issues for the rest of
their lives.
Read: continued
22. Lincoln’s Assassination
5 days after Lee’s surrender, on April 14, 1865, Lincoln
was shot at Ford’s Theatre by CSA supporter John
Wilkes Booth. Lincoln died next morning. Booth was
killed 11 days later by US troops.
23. The Nation Transformed
Civil War changed the nation’s society & economy
forever.
24. A New Nation
US recognized as a Union. Federal government
expanded. New banking system created that gave
money for building colleges & railroads, and western
land to settlers (Homestead Act 1862). Industry
replaces farming as national economic base.
25. The Thirteenth Amendment
Booker T Washington became free with the passing of
the 13th Amendment. It abolishes slavery and allows
former slaves to travel where they want & to work for
pay. January 1865 the 13th Am. approved by Congress
and then was ratified by 27 states (8 in South).
21. The South in Ruins
War brought disaster to South. 40% of livestock
dead & 50% of farm machinery destroyed. 1000s of
miles of railroad tracks torn up. Pre-war, South had
30% of nation’s wealth and after it only had 12%.
South’s factories were demolished. It will take
several decades for South to fully recover.
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Name_________________________________________
Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns
Section 4: The Legacy of the War p.558-562
Recite/Retell Answer the essential questions.
26. What were the losses and gains of the war?
Losses: Lincoln killed; CSA surrenders; 620,000 men died; South lost 18% of its wealth; South is
“trashed” (40% of livestock, 50% of farm machinery; 1000s of miles of RR track ripped up)
Gains: USA all one nation again; slavery abolished with 13th Amendment; new federal banking system
created
27. How might photographs have changed civilians’ attitudes to war?
Actual realistic images of war destroyed the ideas that it was all about excitement & fun-times. Showed
brutality of war.
28. What changes did the war bring about? (p.561)
Social changes: freed slaves; Afr-Ams serve in military; women become active in nursing
Economic changes: income tax created; factory production increases; slave-based economy is destroyed
Political changes: federal government becomes more powerful;
Military tech changes: new weapons increase casualties; ironclads make wooden warships outdated
(obsolete)
29. In what ways are the effects of the Civil War still being felt today?
Greenbacks still used; income tax still collected by federal government to pay for programs; slavery still
banned throughout the US
30. How did the Civil War transform the nation? (use chart on p.561 to help organize your tree map below)
The American Civil War greatly transformed the nation.
The war significantly altered
the nation socially.
Economically
Politically
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Name_________________________________________
SQ3R Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Section 4: The Legacy of the War p.558-562
Review Informational Text Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Remember, the review must happen
within 24 hours of reading!
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