This Accepted Manuscript has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. A link to any extended data will be provided when the final version is posted online. Research Article: New Research | Cognition and Behavior Proactive Control: Neural Oscillatory Correlates of Conflict Anticipation and Response Slowing Neural oscillation in proactive control a b a Andrew Chang , Jaime S. Ide , Hsin-Hung Li , Chien-Chung Chen a Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan b Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA a,c and Chiang-Shan Ray Li b,d,e,f c Center for Neurobiology and Cognitive Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan d Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA e Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA f Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0061-17.2017 Received: 24 February 2017 Revised: 8 May 2017 Accepted: 8 May 2017 Published: 16 May 2017 Author Contributions: All authors designed research; AC, HHL, CCC and CSRL performed research; AC, JSI and CSRL contributed unpublished analytic tools and analyzed data; All authors wrote the paper. Funding: Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST) 501100004663 103-2410-H-002-076-MY3 Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 100000001 BCS1309260 Funding: HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) 100000002 DA023248 Funding: HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) 100000002 DA026990 Funding: HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) 100000002 AA021449 The authors declare no competing financial interests. This study was supported by Taiwan MOST (Taiwan) 103-2410-H-002-076-MY3 (CCC), NIH grants DA023248, DA026990 (C-SRL) and AA021449 (C-SRL), and NSF grant BCS1309260 (C-SRL). The funding agencies were otherwise not involved in data collection and analysis or in the decision in publishing the results. Correspondence should be addressed to either Chien-Chung Chen, Department of Psychology, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan 10617. E-mail: [email protected] or Chiang-Shan Ray Li, Department of Psychiatry, CMHC S112 34 Park Street New Haven, CT 06519. E-mail: [email protected] Cite as: eNeuro 2017; 10.1523/ENEURO.0061-17.2017 Alerts: Sign up at eneuro.org/alerts to receive customized email alerts when the fully formatted version of this article is published. Accepted manuscripts are peer-reviewed but have not been through the copyediting, formatting, or proofreading process. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. 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