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What events in Germany led to the
rise of Nazism?
11 million people were exterminated
• 6 million Jews
5 million other people
1933 - 1945
Defining the Holocaust
• the destruction of the Jews and other groups of people
of Europe under the Nazi regime before and during
World War II
• Anti-Semitism- hatred, discrimination and
persecution of Jewish people
• GENOCIDE: the systematic
extermination of a nationality or group
Stages of Isolation
Stage 1: Stripping of Rights
1935: Nuremberg Laws stated that all JEWS were :
• stripped of German citizenship
• fired from jobs & businesses boycotted
• banned from German schools and universities
• Forced to carry ID cards
• forced to wear the arm band of the Yellow “Star of
•
•
David”
Jewish synagogues destroyed
forced to pay reparations and a special income tax
Stage 2: Segregation
GHETTOS
• Jews were forced to live
in designated areas called
“ghettos” to isolate them
from the rest of society
• Ghettos were filthy, with
poor sanitation and
extreme overcrowding
• Disease was rampant and
food was in such short
supply that many slowly
starved to death
Stage 3: Concentration Camps
• Slave labor “annihilation by work”
• Prisoners faced undernourishment and starvation
• Prisoners transported in cattle freight cars
• Camps were built on railroad lines for efficient transportation
Stage 4: Extermination
“The Final Solution”
• DEATH FACTORIES: Nazi extermination camps
fulfilled the singular function of mass murder
• “Final Solution” called for the complete and mass
annihilation and extermination of the Jews as well
as other groups
End of WWII: V-E Day
 V-E Day (Victory in
Europe day) was May 7
and 8 1945. These are the
two days that the
unconditional surrender of
the Axis Powers Germany
and Italy) in Europe were
accepted and signed.
 The War in Europe was
officially over.
• 1948 United Nations creates Israel within Palestine.
End of WWII: The Rise of Superpowers
•
•
•
At the end of the war, there will be two clear
Superpowers: The United States of America and the
Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.).
A superpower is a country that has the highest level
of influence on world politics and has a very strong
military.
Although the USA and Soviet Union were friends
during WWII, after the war they are enemies.
End of WWII:A Divided Germany
• At the end of the war it was difficult to decide what to do with
Germany.
• They were accused of starting two world wars and Britain and
France did not want to be invaded again.
• The solution was to divide Germany, but how?
• Germany was divided into Eastern (Communist) and Western
Germany (Democracy).=Berlin Wall.
End of WWII: East & West
Germany
End of WWII: East & West Berlin
• The capital of Germany was Berlin, and once they divided the
nation, it fell on the Soviet controlled East Germany side.
• As a compromise, the city of Berlin was divided into East and
West Berlin.
• West Berlin was controlled by the U.S.A.
• East Berlin was controlled by the Soviet Union.
End of WWII: Beginnings of the Cold War
• The debate over the division of Germany would be
the first of many problems between the Soviets and
the U.S.A.
• Following the war, the Soviets also developed an
atomic bomb.
• Now the two world superpowers both had nuclear
weapons.
Cold War
•
The Cold War was a time period when
non-cooperation between the two major
world Superpowers, the USA and the
Soviet Union, caused a fear of nuclear
war.
Cold War
• With the two superpowers at odds, the rest of
the world felt the pressure to take sides.
• There became a clear division between the noncommunist nations of NATO and the
communist nations that became members of
the Warsaw Pact.
• These two organizations (NATO and the
Warsaw Pact) were alliances between countries
on either side.
Cold War
• NATO- North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationDemocratic countries in western Europe allied
with the United States.
• Warsaw Pact- Communist countries of eastern
Europe allied with the Soviet Union.
Cold War: The World Takes Sides
Cold War: Politics
• West Germany developed a capitalist
economy and a democratic government
modeled after the U.S.A.
• East Germany developed a communist
economy and government modeled after the
U.S.S.R.
Cold War: Politics
• Communism is an economic system and form of
government in which the government makes all of the
decisions as to what will be produced, how it will be
produced, and for whom it will be produced.
• Capitalism is an economic system in which individuals
decide what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to
produce.
• Democracy is a form of government in which the people
control the government by voting.
Cold War: The Berlin Wall
• In 1961 the Soviets built the Berlin wall to divide East
Berlin from West Berlin.
• Anyone who tried to cross the wall would be shot.
Cold War: The Berlin Wall
Cold War: The Berlin Wall
• The Berlin Wall became
the symbol for the “Iron
Curtain.”
• The “Iron Curtain” is the
term for the imaginary
border between the
communist nations and the
members of NATO.