January 30, 2014
Chapter 9:
Chemical NomenclatureTypes of
Nomenclature by Section
1) Simple Ionic Compounds
2) Covalent Compounds
3) Ionic Compounds with Multiple Charges*
4) Hydrates
5) Peroxides
6) Acids and Bases
1) Simple Ionic Compounds (with polyatomic ions)
1) Simple Ionic Compounds
-Use the charges formed from the compounds and then use
the criss-cross method to determine the formula unit.
Write the formula for the following:
• magnesium iodide
• calcium oxide
• sodium bromide
Name the following:
• Al2O3
• CaBr2
• NaF
2. Covalent Compounds
-If there is more than one polyatomic ion, make sure to add
paraenthese around the entire molecule!
Write the formula for the following:
• magnesium hydroxide
• calcium sulfate
• sodium nitrite
Name the following:
• AlPO4
• NH4NO3
3) Ionic Compounds with Multiple Charges
(Transition Metals)
Many of the transition metals form more than one cation
with different ionic charge.
The charges of the cations of many transition metal ions
must be determined from the number of electrons lost.
For example: Iron forms two common cations,
Fe2+ and Fe3+.
Common substances to know without the prefixes:
1. H2O=water
2. CH4= methane
3. NH3= ammonia
January 30, 2014
4) Hydrates
Naming Ions of Transition Metals
Two methods:
1) Stock System-Roman numeral in parentheses is placed
after the name of the element to indicate the numerical
value of the charge.
2) Classical System-uses the root of the name with the
ending of -ous or -ic.
ous=lower charge
ic= higher charge
Example:
Iron (II) Chloride- (Stock Name), Ferrous Chloride (Classical),
Both are FeCl2
5) Peroxides
-The peroxide ion contains two oxygen atoms bonded
together and has a charge of -2. The formula of the peroxide
is determined by using the criss cross method. Charges are
reduced but no further ruction takes places after.
Example:
1. Sodium peroxide
Na+1 O22- = Na2O2
-A hydrate indicates that water molecules have been
incorporated into the crystal structure of an ionic compound.
The ionic compound may be binary or include a polyatomic
ion. The number of water molecules is indicated using the
Greek prefixes.
• CuSO4*5H2O
• Barium Chloride Dihydrate
6) Acids and Bases (Section 9.4)
Acid: a compound that contains one or more hydrogen
atoms and produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved
in water.
-The chemical formulas of acids are in the general form
of HnX where
X is a monatomic or polyatomic anion and
n is a subscript indicating the number of hydrogen ions
that are combined with the anion.
2. Calcium peroxide
Practicing Skill: Writing Chemical Formulas
Name the following acids:
1. HCl
2. H2SO4
3. H3PO4
What is the formula for the following acids?
1. sulfurous acid
2. carbonic acid
January 30, 2014