The Case for Colonial Geography
Author(s): R. J. Harrison Church
Source: Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers), No. 14 (1948), pp. 17-25
Published by: Wiley on behalf of The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British
Geographers)
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/621258
Accessed: 16-07-2015 09:10 UTC
REFERENCES
Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/621258?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents
You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references.
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/
info/about/policies/terms.jsp
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content
in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship.
For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
Wiley and The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) are collaborating with JSTOR to
digitize, preserve and extend access to Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers).
http://www.jstor.org
This content downloaded from 194.128.227.202 on Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:10:32 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
THE CASE FOR COLONIAL
By R. J. HARRISON
GEOGRAPHY
CHURCH
THIS paper is a plea for the recognitionof Colonial Geography,which so far
has either been given inadequate attentionin Britain or regarded as a heresy.
It is strangeindeed, and not a littleshameful,that Britishgeographers,although
living in the world's largestempire and in one of such great diversity,should
have paid so little attentionto the geographical aspects of colonization. As
ProfessorWooldridge has said, "It certainlyappears to me to throw a strong
light on the positionof Geographyin this countrythat we are so calamitously
and shamefullyignorantof our Colonial Empire. Geographershave been given
no adequate encouragementor opportunityto studythese territories.Whether
the hindranceshave been deliberate or inadvertent,they have been disastrous
and indefensible."' Despite the need for accurate studiesof the colonies as a
backgroundto the great Development Plans now being put into effectand for
essential teaching in the new colonial UniversityColleges, there is as yet no
widespread desire in high places to accord to Colonial Geography and its
and because of the
exponentsthe attentionthe subject merits,both intrinsically
real need for studies and maps before large-scaleplanning and redevelopment
can safelybe started.
First,may I make it plain that this is no jingoisticplea. It is irrelevant
to my argument whether one considers the colonial empires as the sublime
examplesof a civilizingmissionor as the apogee of monopolycapitalism. Whatever be our political views concerningour own and other people's colonies,
there is surely an argument for their study by geographers. Indeed, in our
world where everythingmust now apparently be arranged in an order of
we mightfora time regard colonial geographicalresearchas of higher
priorities,
prioritythan most other geographical research,since the resultscould be of
immediate practical value to colonial development,to the trainingof colonial
and to indigenous education.
officers,
Secondly, I assume that all geographersare agreed that there is a lamentable lack of geographicalstudies of colonies, especiallyof Britishcolonies,and
that more needs to be done; but that we disagreeupon how thesestudiesshould
be placed in the hierarchyof geographicalspecialisms. Should theybe regarded
on the physicalside as a normal part of geomorphologyand climatology,while
on the human side as a propercomponentof economicand politicalgeography?
To this question most Britishgeographerswould probably answer "Yes."
Britain has been virtuallyunique in having failed to recognize Colonial
Geography. Elsewhere this specialismhas been accepted for many years,both
SS.
W. WOOLDRIDGE,
(1947), 202.
"
Geographical Science in Education," Geographical Journal, 109
This content downloaded from 194.128.227.202 on Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:10:32 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
18
THE
CASE
FOR COLONIAL
GEOGRAPHY
in its own rightand because of the similarityof many problems in different
colonies and the value of such study to colonial officers,governments,and
peoples. Colonial Geography achieved internationalrecognitionwhen it was
accorded the status of a Section at the InternationalGeographical Congressin
1938. The topics there discussed were: (a) white settlementin the tropics;
(b) land utilizationof densely-peopledcolonial areas; and (c) industrialization
as a possiblemeans of raisingthe standardof living in densely-peopledtropical
lands. For the Congress at Lisbon in April, 1949, three questions are
down for discussionunder the heading " the Geographyof Colonization." They
are: (a) agriculture;(b) mobilityof colonial populations; (c) colonial transport.
In France Marcel Dubois, a contemporaryof Vidal de la Blache, held the
firstChair of Colonial Geographyat Paris,whichwas institutedin 1892. Dubois
had been " Maitre de Conferences" in the same subject since 1885. He was
succeeded by Augustin Bernard and the Chair was then renamed Chair of
North African Geography. The presentholder is ProfessorLarnaud. In 1937,
however,the originaltitle was restoredin a second Chair, and since that date
ProfessorCharles Robequain has been Professorof Colonial Geography at the
Institut de G6ographie of the Universityof Paris, where there are thus two
Chairs for teaching and researchin colonial geography. In 1946 three new
Chairs of Colonial Geography were created,one at Strasbourgheld by Dresch,
the second at Aix-en-Provenceheld by Isnard, and the third at Bordeaux held
by Revert. Courses in Colonial Geographyhave, however,been given in these
and almost all other French Universitiesfor well over fiftyyears. It may also
be noted that a decree of 17th October, 1945, created a Licence d'Etudes
(or parts),one of which is concerned
Coloniales, which comprisesfourcertificates
with Colonial Geography.
France set up a colonial staffcollege, the Ecole Coloniale (now the Ecole
are Chairs
de la France d'Outre Mer) as far back as 1889, and at thisinstitution
of Colonial Regional Geography and of Tropical Geography. To this latter
post Dresch of Strasbourg has recentlybeen appointed. At the Collkge de
France there is the Research Chair of Tropical Geography held by Pierre
Gourou, and at Algiersthe Chair of NorthAfricanGeographyhas been occupied
by such famous men as A. Bernard and E. F. Gautier. The latter did outstandingwork on the Sahara, and I count myselfhighlyprivilegedto have had
him as my supervisor at the Sorbonne. His flat was open house to senior
students,and it was a pleasant noveltyto visit a tutorwho discussedworkover
his breakfastin bed and made one have a secondbreakfastwith him. Instruction
in Colonial Geographyis also given at the Ecole des Travaux Publics,the Ecole
des Hautes Etudes Commerciales,and the Institutdes Sciences Politiques.
In Belgium there is the specificColonial Universityof Antwerp,and
Colonial Geography is a compulsorysubject for certain degrees at Ghent and
Liege, whilst courses are also provided at Brussels and Louvain. In the
Netherlands,courses on the geography of particular colonies or on general
This content downloaded from 194.128.227.202 on Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:10:32 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
THE
CASE
FOR COLONIAL
GEOGRAPIHY
19
colonial geographyare given in the Universityof Utrecht,the RotterdamSchool
of Economics,the Roman Catholic School of Economics at Tilburg,and at the
Wageningen State AgriculturalInstitute. Amsterdamhas a Colonial Institute,
and Rotterdam an African Institute,both of which provide courses. The
African Instituteof Rotterdam also has a branch at Leyden which provides
coursesand publishesthe journal Africa.
In Denmark,at Aarhus University,a comprehensivecourseon Comparative
Colonial Geography is provided, and at Copenhagen much research is done
on the geographyof Greenland. In Portugal,extensiveprovisionis made for
colonial geographical studies at Lisbon. In Italy, instructionis given in the
Universitiesof Bari, Florence, Genoa, Naples, Perugia, Pisa, Rome, and Turin.
In the United States,in the Universitiesof Chicago and Wisconsin,the subject
is treated as a sub-divisionof Political Geography,but as a separate subject in
the Universitiesof Maryland, North Carolina, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.
It is interestingthat whereas provision is made in the universitiesof
continental ports having colonial interests,such as Amsterdam,Rotterdam,
Antwerp,Bordeaux, and Lisbon, no comparable provisionhas, so far as I am
aware, been made at Glasgow, Liverpool, or BristolUniversities,where such
courses might have been expected. Our universitieshave Chairs, Readerships,
or Lectureshipsin Anthropology,Colonial History,Colonial Economics,Colonial
Administration,Colonial Education, and even in one case a Certificatein
Colonial Social Science. But the recognitionof Colonial Geography-and that
tardy-has come only from Oxford, where a Lectureship,which Mr. R. W.
Steel now holds, was institutedin January,1947.
How shall we define Colonial Geography or the Geography of Colonization? In the introductionto L'Empire Britannique-Etude de G#ographie
Coloniale (1923), Demangeon says: "It is not a question (in Colonial
Geography)of describingconquests,for that is the work of the historian. Nor
is it only a question of studyingthe regional geographyof the colonies, for
that is part of the normal work of the Regional Geographer. Rather is it a
question of studyingthe geographical effectsof the contact of two types of
peoples associatedby the factof colonization. One group is advanced, provided
with capital and materialresourcesin its search for new riches,and it has the
means to exploit them and the necessary spirit of enterpriseand adventure.
The othergroup has probably sufferedfromisolation and, having been turned
in upon itself,has clung to outmoded ways of life, resultingin limitedhorizons
and poor technical means. The originalityof our study consistsin explaining
how the colonizing power has developed its territoriesand how these have
reacted." In recentcorrespondencewith me, ProfessorCharles Robequain has
re-emphasizedthissame viewpointin assertingthe originalityto lie in the study
of the geographical aspects of colonial contact, contact between the colonizers
and indigenous peoples. The colonizersneed not, of course, be the present
3
This content downloaded from 194.128.227.202 on Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:10:32 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
20
THE
CASE
FOR COLONIAL
GEOGRAPHY
political rulers. Much the same concept is held by Georges Hardy in his
Geographie et Colonisation, and by Isaiah Bowman in the concepts of the
" pioneer fringe" and the " frontof colonization."
ProfessorRobequain regards Colonial Geographyas a separate branch of
human geography (as also it is regarded at the International Geographical
Congresses),and he considersthat straightforward
regionaland physicalstudies
of coloniesshould be treatedby the ordinaryspecialistsin these matters. Needless to say, the colonial geographerwill always need to be conversantwith all
these aspects in his studies.
From this definitionseveralpointsemerge. First,that Colonial Geography,
since it deals withthe effectsof colonial contact,may well embrace on occasion
certain areas which are not colonies. It might,therefore,on the historicalside
involve referenceto ancient Saxon colonizationin England as well as to the
moreobviouslyrelevantArab colonizationof East Africaor Chinese colonization
is now colonialor independentis notparticularly
of Malaya. Whethera territory
vital, but ratherwhetherthe geographerhas somethingto contributeto the study
of the effectsof contactbeween colonizerand indigenouspeoples in the past or
present. Secondly, most of such studieswill concern tropical areas, since it is
therethat the problemsof contactare mostnumerousand evident. But theywill
not be confinedto that climaticzone as is clear fromthe example of modern
Palestine,the geographicalfactorsof which Dr. Willattselucidated in a recent
study,which was the resultof workhe undertookforthe Anglo-AmericanCommissionof Enquiry.2 This example showsequally that studiesof the geography
of colonizationare not confinedto colonies,but are as desirablefora complete
understandingof modernPalestine,modernBrazil,or Soviet Asia as for Malaya.
Indeed, a recentnumberof the GeographicalJournalreportsthatN. N. Baranski,
writingon " Regional, economic and physical geography" in the Izvestiya of
the All-Union Geographical Society, mentions "the contrastingmethods of
farmingof Cossaks and Russians,Usbeksand Dungans, Ukrainiansand Koreans
while livingside by side in SouthernKasakstan."3
One of the mostexplicitexpositionsof the geographyof colonizationapplied
to any area is a recentstudyof South-EastAsia.4 ProfessorDobby draws out the
geographicalpatternof the three colonizersof Malaya. The Europeans were
responsiblefor the firstgreat clearances of the forestin orderto establisha new
type of agriculture-plantationagriculture,for a new crop-rubber, with a new
purpose-external trade, and with immigrantlabour-Indian or Chinese, but
not Malay. This caused the firstreal penetrationof the interiorof Malaya and
2
E. C. WILLATTS, " Some Geographical
Journal, 108 (1947), 146-78.
Factors in the Palestine Problem,"
Geographical
3 109 (1947), 275.
4 E. G. H. DOBBY,
" Some Aspects of the Human Ecology of South-east Asia," Geographical
Journal, 108 (1946), 40-54.
This content downloaded from 194.128.227.202 on Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:10:32 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
THE
CASE
FOR COLONIAL
GEOGRAPHY
21
advance beyondthe old politicalboundaries,whichhad enclosedthe rivervalleys
on eitherside of the mountain divide. Then came the tin miningor quarrying
originallyonly by the Chinese,but later also by white people. The plantations
and mines needed railwaysand roads, and the constructionof these has helped
stillfurtherto definenew directionsof trade and a new settlementpattern,with
consequent strain upon the structureof the Malay states. The constructionof
railways has, in general,been a verysignificantfactorin the new geographical
patternresultingfrom colonial contact.
Gilbert and Steel regard social geographyas comprisingthe study of the
distribution
of population,the distribution
the study
and typesof ruralsettlement,
of towns,and finallythe distribution
of social groupsand of theirmodes of life.5
In my view, it is these studies,togetherwith thoseof labour movementsand of
the economic geographyand land use of the regionsof colonial contact,which
constitutethe main fabricof Colonial Geography,althoughthe physicalenvironment must always be considered. The authors emphasize the value of these
mattersin the planning of communications,the improvementof agriculture,
water supply, and the re-settlement
of peoples. Geographical studies of the
setting,history,development,and patternof colonial towns, particularlythose
of Tropical Africa and the West Indies, are also a pressingneed in colonial
development. The article details what has already been achieved, but mainly
demonstrateswhat is stillrequired. And it would, I think,be of value to Kenya
and Tanganyika to know more of the Italian settlementsin Libya and of the
great schemeformixed farmingby Africansin the Inland Niger Delta. Labour
movementsinto Senegal and into the Gold Coast are of great social consequence
and economic importance. An anthropologistonce said to me that it was vital
to know the effectsof these,and the administrativeproblemsto whichtheygive
rise, but this same anthropologistdid not know or deem it importantto know
where these routes were!
Maps are required of regions of soil erosion, of forestdegradation,soil
zones, etc. River profilesare desirablefor
drainage areas, fly-infested
fertility,
the major streams. We are stillveryignoranteven of the distribution,
intensity
of cultivation,and marketingroutesof most colonial crops, many of which in
West and East Africa have been introducedby outsiders. The value of landuse and land-fertility
surveyshas already been recognizedand severalundertaken
in the West Indies, but theyare urgentlyneeded in severalotherareas presenting
problems of soil impoverishmentor over-populationsuch as the Ibo lands of
south-easternNigeria, and the island of Cyprus.
Since Colonial Geography treatsessentiallyof the geographical aspects of
colonial contact,such a disciplineis a naturalcomplementto social anthropology,
which has already secured its recognition in British Universities. The
will studythe social structureof a people and theirsocial customs,
anthropologist
5 E. W. GILBERT and R. W. STEEL, " Social Geography and its Place in Colonial Studies,"
Geographical Journal, 106 (1945), 118-31.
This content downloaded from 194.128.227.202 on Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:10:32 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
22
THE
CASE
FOR COLONIAL
GEOGRAPHY
while the geographer would be concerned with their crops, rotations,
productivity,crafts,markets,and transport. Here the economisttakes over in
measuringpricemovements,competition,
profitsand losses,personaland national
income. Since real life and knowledgeare a unity,but specialismsare perforce
many and diverse,it behoves specialiststo co-operatein colonial studies,as was
so successfullydone in the Ashanti Social Survey of 1945-46 by a social
anthropologist,geographer,and economist." Lack of co-operationhas led to
tragicresults. There is thestoryof a colonial ForestryDepartmentwhichordered
the conservationof a forestnear a village to preventfurthersoil erosionand of
a practicallysimultaneousorderfromtheAgriculturalDepartmentforthe cutting
down of the forestto providemoregroundconsequentupon the previouserosion.
Many anthropologicalstudies virtuallyignore the environmentsof the peoples
theystudy,as if the people live in thin air. I have at varioustimesbeen asked
whetherthe Masai people live withinthe tropicsand whether
by anthropologists
the name Tibesti refersto a tribe or a mountain. Two of us were told recently
that geographersdo not need to be affordedfacilitiesto see post-warMalaya
since they, unlike anthropologists,can learn of all the changes from a few
statistics. How refreshingit is, therefore,that, in their superior wisdom, the
Royal Geographical Society are providingfor Mr. C. A. Fisher to undertake
geographicalresearchin post-warMalaya.7 But how much more fortunateare
the French geographersto have a Colonial Ministrywhich enabled Professor
Robequain to visit French Equatorial Africain 1945, Madagascar in 1946, and
the French West Indies in 1947.
If it is correctthat more needs to be done by geographersin the colonial
field,how is that to be achieved? Althoughour Colonial Officenow has many
technical advisers,it has no Geographical Adviser or Research Organization as
have the French. Some of the most usefulmaps of West Africa were produced
by M. Meunier when he was the holderof the post of Geographerto the French
Ministryof Colonies.8 Subsidizedby that Ministryis the Officede la Recherche
ScientifiqueColoniale. One of its sections,the Bureau d'Etudes Humaines, is
directedby ProfessorRobequain and is responsibleforthe makingof maps (other
than topographicaland geological)and geographicalresearchon Frenchcolonies
or mattersof interestto them. They have producedsome remarkablyfinemaps
and ethnicgroups
of cattledensity,movementand trade,populationdistribution,
in West and CentralAfrica." Then thereis theInstitutFrangais d'AfriqueNoire
with headquarters at Dakar and ten local centresin various colonies, whose
a M.
FORTES,
R. W. STEEL
and P. ADY,
"Ashanti
Survey, 1945-46:
Social Research," Geographical Journal, 110 (1947), 149-79.
7 Geographical
An Experiment
in
Journal, 109 (1947), 268-9.
s 6 Cartes Economiques et 3 autres cartes (Physique, Ethnographique, et Touristique) de
l'Afrique Occidentale Frangaise dressbespar A. MEUNIER,G6ographe au Minist&redes Colonies,
1922 et 1924.
9 See reviews of these in Africa, 16 (1946), 282-4,.-and Geographical Journal, 109 (1947),
247-8. Since these reviews, two other maps of cattle routes in Mauritania have appeared.
This content downloaded from 194.128.227.202 on Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:10:32 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
THE
CASE
FOR COLONIAL
GEOGRAPHY
23
geographicalwork is directedby Richard Mollard. Similar workis prosecuted
in Madagascar, New Caledonia, and, untilrecently,in Indo-China. The Institute
of Geography and the Instituteof Saharan Research, both at Algiers,have an
impressive record of geographical research. But our Rhodes-Livingstone
Institute,founded in 1939, has no geographical section,neitherhad the West
AfricanInstituteof Industries,Arts,and Social Science, foundedin 1943 in the
Gold Coast. In fact,it was semi-dormantas soon as it was established. If it
is re-establishedas a Social Studies Division of the new UniversityCollege of
the Gold Coast it should include geographical research,as should the RhodesLivingstoneInstitute.
Meanwhile, we must notice the work of the Colonial Research Committee
which was establishedin 1943. Its firstannual report10stated that " the work
of the Committeehas grouped itselfinto two parts, namely, a review of the
variousfieldsof researchwork,and considerationof the central,regionalor local
organizationrequiredto deal with them; and the scrutinyof specificschemesof
research submitted for consideration." This report then proceeds to review
eight fieldsof research,namely, topographicaland geodetic surveys;geological
research; fisheries;agriculture,animal health, and forestry;medical research;
the social sciences; industrialresearch;
research. Thus geography
did not secure specificrecognition. Inarchaeological
June, 1944, the Colonial Social Science
Research Council was constitutedand at its second meetingthe Secretaryof
State for the Colonies emphasizedthe importancewhich he attachedto the work
of the Council, since it would deal more directlythan most otheradvisorybodies
with the human problemsof the colonies. In the firstannual reportof this
Council1 it was stated that "the Council has been constitutedto represent
the main branchesof the social sciences,including anthropology,demography,
economics, education, law, linguistics,political science and administration,
psychology,and sociology." Once again geographywas not specificallynamed.
Yet for a long time Britishgeographershave attempted to interestthe
Colonial Office in geographical questions affectingthe colonies. In 1926 the
BritishAssociationset up a Committeeto enquire into the study of the human
Africa and to make recommendations
forfurtherance
geographyof inter-tropical
and development. The secretaryof that Committee was ProfessorOgilvie.
Since thenmany othergeographershave made theirown individualcontributions.
With the appointmentof ProfessorDebenham to the Colonial Social Science
Research Council in 1948 we may now assume that more interestin the work
of geographershas been aroused.
At the momentsuch colonial researchas is being done in Britainis somewhat
unco-ordinatedand verydispersed. There is now a case, I believe,for a central
institutionwhich should be establishedin London, Oxford, or Cambridge and
Colonial Research Committee, 1943-4. Cmd. 6535, p. 4.
o10
11 Colonial Rescarch, 1944-5. Cmd. 6663, p. 26, para. 3-4.
This content downloaded from 194.128.227.202 on Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:10:32 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
24
THE
CASE
FOR COLONIAL
GEOGRAPHY
financedthroughthe UniversityGrantsCommittee. It would also receiveprivate
fundsforparticularresearchprojectsor general research. Such a centrewould
organize or be in touch with all colonial researchin all branchesof the colonial
fieldand would undertakeworkon behalf of the Colonial Officewithoutbeing
could be underrestricted
by departmentalcontrol. Trainingof colonial officers
taken in this centralinstitution,althoughthe officers
should, as at present,continue to be membersof a university. We should then have the meritsof the
French Ecole de la France d'Outre-Mer and the Office de la Recherche
Scientifiqueand those of our present" Devonshire Scheme" with none of the
and
disadvantages. Teachers,researchworkers,and prospectivecolonial officers
thoseon leave would be in one centralorganization,yetwould have the advantages
of universitylife and academic freedom.
One of the top prioritiesforthis or some otherbody to produce would be a
worthycolonial atlas.12 It is a calamitythatwe do not possessa modernpopular
atlas of our colonial empire like the "L'Illustration" Atlas Colonial of the
French Empire, nor an up-to-dateand specialized atlas such as the Atlas des
Colonies Frangaises (Grandidier)or the Dutch Atlas van Tropisch Nederland,
both of which are model productionswith maps of a great varietyof matters.
The FrenchAtlas is also a geographicaland historicaltext-book.13An up-to-date
and well-producedcolonial atlas ought to be regardedas vital for referenceby
those engaged in colonial development. Moreover, since the average adult of
this countryhas never seen a respectableatlas map of any colonial territory,
it is not surprisingthatsuch crude ideas are entertained,or that interestis so low
that colonial debates in the House of Commonsbarelysecure a quorum.
Finally, irrespectiveof whetherwe get a centralColonial Instituteor not,
we must urge that more attentionbe given withinthe universitiesto Colonial
Geography. Colonial Officersare being trainedjointlyby Oxford, Cambridge,
and London. Oxford has appointed a Lecturerin Colonial Geographyin connection with that trainingscheme, and Cambridge and London should do so
as soon as possible. In view of their special location and trade intereststhere
should be similarposts at Glasgow, Liverpool, and Bristoluniversities.In these
of Oxford,Cambridge,and London greateremphasis
and in the otheruniversities
should be given to colonial studies. If theseposts were created,researchcould
be pushed ahead on comparative colonial geography here in England, while
detailed fieldstudiesmightcome mainlyfromthe staffsnow being appointedor
already workingin the new UniversityColleges in the West Indies, West and
East Africa,'1 and Malaya and from the Department of Geography in the
12
Since the reading of this paper, the London School of Economics has made an initial
grant to explore the possibility of produciing such an atlas.
13 We have nothing more recent than Philips' British Empire Atlas (1924), which is
elementary, or the Historical and Modern Atlas of the British Empire, edited by C. GRANT
Both are very old
ROBERTSON and I. G. BARTHOLOMEW (1905), which is a school atlas.
and unworthy of comparison with the French and Dutch Atlases.
14 See Geographical
Journal, 109 (1947),
144-5.
This content downloaded from 194.128.227.202 on Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:10:32 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
THE CASE FOR COLONIAL GEOGRAPHY
25
Universityof Ceylon, which Miss E. K. Cook pioneered and ProfessorLebon
now directs. As Sir Alexander Carr-Saunders,Chairman of the Colonial Social
Science Research Council, said in his PresidentialAddress to the Geographical
Associationin 1948,15thereis a vast amount of researchwaitingto be done by
geographersin the colonies. To him may we say: "Give us some of the
facilitiesand we will do the job."
15
" The
Teaching of Geography in Colonial Colleges," Geography, 33 (1948), 1-7.
This content downloaded from 194.128.227.202 on Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:10:32 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions