Notes
on
on
the
the
K.U.
present
paper is
of the ferns
May 9th,
intended
and
fern
as
a
such
besides
given,
are
in
ployed
I.
the
The
In
few
a
the
the first
on
in
diversity.
Though
of advance,
Leptosporangiate
of
most
that
felt
to
respect
be
of these
in their
they
are
a
various
of the
show
ferns,
contain
systems
as
in
systems
whole.
a
proposed which,
small
degree
definite
worked
sufficiently
(The
With
interested reader
1959). Conse-
Pichi-Sermolli,
regard
to
the
and has
conservative
old, inclusive circumscription;
entity, but because it
in
which
they
have
family
the
Poly-
the
because he believes
seems
been
treat-
treatment
maintained
not
of
elements
systems has been entirely adopted for the
natural
ways
no
of them has been
acceptable
has been rather
podiaceae
these
none
review of these
a
none
author
em-
the increased interest in fern taxonomy of the
under consideration.
ment
that
the
it is
every
find
quently
notes
principles
notes
especially
may
usually find
not
the
new
published
system
connection with
in
be
nomenclatural
last decades several systems of classification have been
out
STOFFERS’
to
that do
some
remarks
explanatory
the author’s
to
L.
volume
notes
following
A.
Mr.
classification.
Taxonomic
A.
in
flora,
a
introduction
in
Apart from phytogeographical
place in
Utrecht)
1960)
an
allies
Flora of the Netherlands Antilles,
shortly.
Indies
and Herbarium,
(:received
The
West
Kramer
Museum
[Botanical
treatment
Pteridophytes
Dutch
to
him
that
subdivided
is
none
quite
satisfactory.
the
On
level
generic
With
regard
close
agreeance with
stance,
to
treated
are
a
modern
more
the genera recognized
as
Proctor
concept
has
adopted.
been
the writer finds himself in rather
(1953).
distinct from the
The
for in-
Thelypteridoids,
Dryopteridoids,
and
Cyclosorus,
Goniopteris, Meniscium, etc., have been united with Thelypteris (see also
Morton,
1950). It
tidoid and the
strated;
but
the genus
Grammitis
1938,
author
(Proctor,
Trichomanes,
to
that the differences between the Grammi-
Polypodioid
the
Xiphopteris,
1947)
referred
seems
is,
in
rather
l.c.).
the
Polypodium
it),
and
treated in their old,
gates have been
ferns have also
prefers
than
The
very
wide
of
of
are
at
the
an
least
297
a
under
Grammitidoids
(Copeland,
unnatural
artificial
circumscription, but
proposed, and before
provisionally
procedure.
Grammitidoids
perhaps
demon-
sufficiently
Hymenophyllum
opinion,
(exclusive
Lycopodium
all
uniting
splitting
writer’s
been
recognize
to
too
formerly
genera
many
general revision of
the
when
segre-
species
298
is
K.
undertaken
In
the
character”
most
characters
genera
can
Alsophila
of
sequence
be
eventually
transfers
that
of
are
the
that contain
or
instance
one
of the
The
The
but
genus,
is
for
Basionym:
This
or
In
Grammitis
less
is,
This is
a
name
is
FI.
N.
in
of the
present species,
genda
of the first
applies
The last
to
very
kindly
with
a
the
Roll.
in the
to
same
after
from
a
Fee,
the
The
304.
index
as
name.
(p.
300).
128.
1788.
1866.
Lomaria
is, of
160.
Mr.
by
1906
of R.
not
earlier
an
work
lists
J. Smith
and
Raddi
homonym,
two
synonyms
the Corri-
(in
Kaulfuss.
brasiliensis
course,
could
The
F.
a
Museum.
was
1806);
Broadhurst
as
doubtful
a
available under Blechnum
not
Desvaux; it is also very doubtful whether
species.
under
and
Polypodium
Index Filicum where
of
same
name
Lomaria tuberculata,
Ballard,
type
Kew,
was
not
specimen be found
The
type of Lomaria
examined for
me
by
much indebted for this service.
species
of the
Prodr.
under
presence
scrutiny of the description, it differs in
the
1824,
Kaulfuss
only listed
Mem. 64.
lie
Fil.
Syn.
Lomaria tuberculata
nor
British
herbarium
am
85.
guadalupensis (Fee)
var.
in Christensen’s
spite of
name
same
description,
whom I
Indian
1810.
152.
cases
listed
informed
barium of the
is
the
Swartz,
published
Swartz,
because of Blechnum brasiliense
it
species
treatments.
place
transfer
found in
supplement) Lomaria ryani
addition
synonym.
but
Thelypteris.
striata
of several
adopted
in
West
Enum. Fil.
the indicated
serrulatum
only because its basionym is oldest.
(1912)
the
(Swartz) C. Christensen, Index Filicum
Onoclea
one
resem-
the eye
basis.
of the
serrulata Swartz
however,
previously
under
new
Prodr.
Brown,
related
nov.
Blechnum striatum
(basionym:
to
monographic
without actual
Goniopteris guadalupensis
is
that
descriptions of
Kaulfuss,
as
(1952).
Acrostichum
combination,
Dryopteris,
such
spring
the floristics
Thelypteris tetragona (Swartz) Small
comb.
is
natural
a
original
more
species,
combination
basionym
Kramer,
justly
associated
no
only such papers have been cited
usually cited
constituent
valid
believed,
as
Kaulfuss
(Swartz)
Copeland
by
the
mentions
sense.
“single
notes
This combination is
for
the
disagree such
that
without
of the
combinations
serrulata
Xiphopteris
is
long
Polypodiaceae
account
be
to
major importance
Nomenclatural
B.
it
as
by side; where opinions
shown
of the
Pteridophytes
inclusive
an
treated;
are,
pteridologists,
in
genera
found side
Apart from the citations
or
in
are,
has been
Hemitelia
and
contemporary
blances have also been taken into
may
they
as
Cyathea
genus
found.
are
are
better stand
the
way
genera
rejected by
The
they
same
KRAMER
U.
consideration,
Mr. W.
As
was
two
namely,
as
I
was
published
in
the
her-
ryani Kaulfuss
Punt, Utrecht,
already suspected
important characters
the
strongly
falcate
NOTES
and
pinnae
side.
The
author
the
epithet
is
THE
PTERIDOPHYTES
L.
does
ryani
striata
could
THE
DUTCH
therefore
applies
the
recognize
not
OF
of the costae,
pubescence
name
the
name
ON
the
be
used,
genus
nesioticum
in
herb.
species.
Since
Struthiopteris,
under
which
from
Blechnum,
will
be
number of
Kramer,
nom.
well
to
go
but
in
as
sufficient
amendments had
1913), with respect
subject in detail,
may
8
Group”
in 8
species
notes
on
employed
There is
synonymy
Indies
Boldingh’s
to
no
will
and
need
provide
last-named
in
Pteridophytes
32
the number of
genera
are
species found
Curasao, Bonaire) is
they will not further concern
small,
very
here. It
us
passing that in the Dutch Islands the Schizaeaceae
with
Lygodium
of
(one species
of
Indies. As
(Aruba,
genera,
be remarked in
Marsilea)
species
one
are
the
represents
confined
only
the
of
case
and
each)
to
Marsileaceae
the
Leeward
Group;
near-endemism,
the
Marsilea
being apparently only known from Bonaire and the
ernestii A. Braun
of Caracas,
vicinity
made
the nomenclature
to
the
as
species
native
74
“Leeward
(Anemia
be
to
certain
a
West
information.
present
the
only
only
not
of corrections of identifications.
known from the Dutch West
in
Christopher (St.
remarks
the taxonomic treatment,
many
terms
into this
At
new
nov.
hitherto unrecorded from the Dutch
species
(1909,
accounts
as
from
seen
included,
are
a
S-PA!
Phytogeographical
As
on
another
to
Type (the type of Onoclea striata Swartz) from St.
II.
the adaxial
required:
Blechnum
Kitts)
299
INDIES
especially
distinct
as
WEST
The “Windward
Venezuela.
Group” (Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Martin) possesses
species in 28 genera. *) It is somewhat surprising that the smallest
island, Saba, has the largest number: 57 species in 22 genera, whereas
70
St.
Eustatius
Martin, only
by
the
physiography of the islands. Saba reaches the highest elevation
(900 m), and
the
32 species in 18 genera, and the largest island, St.
species in 8 genera. This is, however, readily explained
has
15
a
number of
Mountain. Thus
compares
and also
quite
to
Dominica,
favourably
Box &
on
the
to
1450
ca.
m,
Antilles,
has
a
km
the
in
with
2
in
)
160 km
has 97
the
ca.
Pteridophyte
,
highest peak,
of the fern flora
but
2
over
much
1300
larger
m), which
species of Pteridophytes.
group
730
its
to
terms
neighbouring
(ca.
(1937)
hand,
confined
are
(12
with
Alston
other
islands of the Lesser
(Hodge,
tiny
loftier island of St. Kitts
according
up
species
Saba
of oldest
km 2 and
flora
of
an
and
highest
elevation of
nearly
200
species
1954).
The
genera with the largest number of species are Polypodium (11),
Thelypteris (8), Asplenium (6), Elaphoglossum and Lycopodium (4), Cyathea
(sens, lat.), Hymenophyllum, Selaginella, and Pteris (3). Cyathea is, strangealmost restricted
to Saba;
C. arborea occurs also on St.
ly enough,
Eustatius
2
)
but
Varieties
seems
are
to
be
quite
rare.
The three
disregarded in these and the
species of tree-ferns
following figures.
300
K.
of the Dutch islands
podium
is absent
on
same
St.
the
a
later
with
Hymeno-
and
Lycospecies which
one
rather
old
While
the
collection
unfavourable
Eustatius
of L.
from
setaceum
growth of ferns,
the
to
and
the
communities where
possess plant
terrestrial
species
proximity
there
flourish.
is
such
a
larger number of species
Thus it is difficult
pectinatum
occurs
widespread
to
on
St.
(as well
as
instances
Saba is
on
plumula ;;
of
St.
Martin is
epiphytic
that in
their fern
spite of their
flora,
its
St.
and
the
though
elevation.
higher
widespread species Polypodium
our
equally
its
replaced by
has
Eustatius
St.
species),
incompleteness
island
number of
a
Saba
why
very
volcanoes of Saba and
Saba is
on
and
Saba.
surprising
the
why
is
found among
were
explained by
Eustatius but
P.
other
two
is
difference in
understand
relative
In
Yet it
islands
Colombia,
fragments
some
of the non-volcanic
physiography
Dutch
Lloyd, described from Puerto
Guadeloupe
Suriname;
in
of the
species
Underw. &
from
reported
collected
some
each
Eustatius,
St. Kitts.
on
Trichomanes
Saba;
to
interesting
most
probably Lycopodium wilsonii
recently
those found
as
from Saba.
Floristically
Rico,
KRAMER
confined
are
also present
are
the
are
phyllum and Selaginella
U.
taxifolium
Lycopodium
only L. dichotomum,
knowledge
etc.
of the flora may
account
for the seemingly random distribution of species over these
islands; but collecting has been relatively quite intense on these small
islands and this
such
islands,
as
hardly holds good in all
explanation
the absence of other
that
widespread species
occur
Hypolepis repens and Lycopodium
Likewise,
cases.
on
many
adjacent
is rather
cernuum,
aston-
ishing.
When the 70
their
to
species of the Windward Group
of
pattern
general
distribution,
are
the
arranged according
following
figures
are
obtained:
of
Tropics
the
Throughout
New
the
Circum-Caribbean
South
Antilles
(i.e.,
America,
and
Central
Antilles and
least
at
of
parts
the
Tropics (sometimes
Greater
sometimes
and
also
Lesser
Old
also
World
9
Subtropics)
Antilles,
.
Central
and
Antilles
only *)
>»
and
9
Florida)
America
2
5
Florida
Antilles
species
29
.
.
South America
Antilles
Lesser
and
American
2
9
>>
5
only
>)
70
Species with
a
very
wide distribution form
the fern flora which therefore
Among
the
distribution
than
St.
on
bution
Saba,
2
)
are
are
9
Mainly
Indies
equally
out
in
a
relatively
Eustatius
(West
America)
on
species with
of 32
the
(4
can
limited
more
more
out
and
of
be said
parts
over
Eustatius,
Hymenophyllaceae,
a
than one-half of
lack of
those with
on
Saba
32); species with
adjacent
St.
area
numerous
distributed
on
more
show
to
a
(11
Antillean
out
of
57)
Caribbean distri-
of Central
both islands
that is
peculiarity.
an
and/or
(16
out
approximately
Selaginella, and Elaphoglossum.
South
of
57
2/7 in
NOTES
both
THE
ON
For
cases).
St.
PTERIDOPHYTES
Martin
whether
patterns
impossible
the
floristic
Antilles, South America)
(Lesser
Central
Florida,
DUTCH
the absolute
such calculations. Likewise it is
butional
THE
OF
WEST
numbers
influence
America) is strongest,
certain
a
degree
Stoppers
by
connection with the
in
be
regarded
South
be
may
as
is
matter
possible
islands
or
(see
not
done
was
of interest
problem whether the Lesser Antilles
oceanic
as
The
the
from
this
though
(1956).
for
(Greater Antilles,
when the whole flora of the islands is taken into
account,
to
low
too
are
conclude from the distri-
to
from the West
or
301
INDIES
are
to
and
1948,
Chrysler,
1949).
Beard,
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The
for
author
help with
lum,
is
with
indebted
to
Mr.
C.
V.
Morton, Washington,
identification of problematic specimens, especially
and
Thelypteris,
connection
much
very
the
a
Elaphoglossum ;
to
Mr.
F.
Ballard,
nomenclatural problem, and
of Leiden
and
Stockholm
for
loan
Beard, J.
S. 1949. The
natural
Oxford
Mem.
to
the
in
for
Kew,
Directors
of
D.C.,
Hymenophyl-
assistance
the
in
Herbaria
material.
of
REFERENCES
I.
Boldingh,
For.
1909.
The
1913. Flora
and Leeward
Islands.
Oxford.
21.
Flora
voor
of the Windward
vegetation
of
St.
Eustatius,
de Nederlandsch
Saba
and
West-Indische
St.
Martin.
Eilanden.
Leiden.
Amsterdam.
,
Box,
H.
E. and A.
Broadhurst, J.
H.
America.
M. A.
Chrysler,
Copeland,
E.
C.
40:
Proctor,
G.
R.
Inst.
Stopfers, A.
L.
American
of
Notes
213
R.
Pichi-Sermolli,
Bot.
E.
1953.
Cl.
257;
its
Jo.
species
the ferns
of
75:
in
241.
North
357.
Am. Fern
Waltham,
Xiphopteris.
B.W.I. Part
of the
Bot.
representatives
fern flora.
Chronica Botanica,
Dominica,
on
39:
West Indian
of St. Kitts.
and
Hymenophyllacearum. Philipp.
Filicum.
Flora
1950.
V.
Jo.
The
Struthiopteris
Origin of the
1938. Genera
1954.
H.
1937. Pteridophyta
genus
Torr.
Bull.
1948.
B.
1952.
,
Hodge, W.
Alston.
The
1947. Genera
,
Morton,
G.
1912.
I.
eastern
Am.
Jo.
Sci.
38;
135.
67:
1.
Mass.
Fern
Lloydia
United
Jo.
Jo.
17:
States.
42;
43.
1.
Am.
Fern
sqq.
G.
A
1959. Pteridophyta.
preliminary
Jam.
Sci.
2.
5:
1956.
The
vegetation
Vistas in
Botany,
checklist of Jamaican
London.
Pteridophytes.
Bull.
1.
of the
Netherlands Antilles. Thesis, Utrecht.