THE
STORY
OF
THE
RUBBER
IS
RUBBER?
WHAT
INDUSTRY.
Latex is the white sap that comes from the rubber tree. Rubber is made frum
this liquid . Malaysia grows millions of rubber trees, more, in fact, than any other
country in the world.
knife.
trees.
hours. "
the cup '
of latex :
By Helen Richards.
Young rubber plants
+
Whe
poured int
to it.
'.
,' ,'
The­
formic or !
that turns
becomes to.
tank.
The)
A day late­
the
WHAT
ARE
THE
STEPS
IN
RUBBER
MANUFACTURE?
tanks
squeeze
rubber .
. Rubber estates have been established all through Malaysia. The jungle is
cleared. and seedling rubber trees, grown in nurseries, are planted in neat rows . After
nine months, when the seedling is a few feet high, "budgrafting " takes place. Small
pieces of bark from high yield ing rubber trees are grafted onto ordinary seedlings;
and after si x years, the rubber tree is ready to yield latex.
By Stephen Plant.
A
rubber
97
plantation
so that t _
TAPPING .
Tapping is the name given to cutting the bark of the rubber tree with a special
knife. Rubber tappers start work early in the morning. Each tapper looks after 600
trees . They tap 300 trees every second day . The latex drips into the cup for three
hours . At about eleven o 'clock the tapper comes back to collect the latex. He empties
the cup into buckets, which he carries to a collecting station . He is paid for the weight
of latex that he collects.
By Rodney Potts .
HOW
RUBBER
IS
MADE.
When the latex arrives at the factory , it is
poured into a huge tank.
to It.
Some water is added
Then it runs into coagulating tanks where
formic or acetic acid is added.
It is this acid
that turns the latex into rubber.
Before the latex
becomes thick, aluminium divis ions are put in the
tank.
They are about one and a half inches apart .
A day later the sheets so formed are taken from
tho
tanks
squeeze
rubber .
and
the
squeezed
thick
sheets
through
into
rollers
thin
which
sheets
of
The sheets are then smoked for five days
so that they do not go bad .
By Michelle Eaves.
A rubber tapper
CONCLUSION.
Rubber exports are Malaysia's
greatest
money - earner
although
syntheri9
gaining
in
and
rubber
popularity,
is
natural
rubber will always be needed to
make
tyres ,
toys ,
shoes
and
countless other products. There
has been a recent rise in the
price
of
rubber
market and
Rubber
the
on
the world
future
Industry
in
of
the
Malaysia
seems quite bright .
By Deborah Riley.
98
A
Tin is mined by using a dredge.
tin
dredge
Tin is found in rivers by using a scoop and dulang.
can be washed from th e mountains using a monitor. It then goes along a palang.
Tin
Sometimes tin
is taken from underground mines .
SMELTING.
~
The tin ore is smelted and the tin
is taken out of it.
To do this the tin
are has to be put into a very hot fire.
The pure tin are is then poured into a
mould .
When
it
is
taken
out
mould the tin is a brick shape.
tin bricks are called ingots .
99
of
the
These
~
USES
OF
TIN .
Tin can be used for light covers, cars,
buses and many other things.
Tin is some­
times made into toy . cranes , tin cas es or
trains.
pewter
industry.
It is
ware,
used
an
in
the
manufacture of
importont
Malaysian
The price of tin reached a record
high in 1969.
Mining for tin
Panning for tin with dulang
100 FISHING
IN
MALAYSIA
Fishing is carried on extensively in the sha 1I0w water s all round the Malay coast. There are
many methods of catching the fish. When the sea is not too rough drift nets are sometimes used a
mile or two out from the shore. The long nylon net (200 feet or more) is lowered into the water to
drift in an upright position. Light pieces of wood keep it afloat while small weights keep it upright.
After about two hours the net is hau led into the boat where the fish , caught by the gills, are removed.
FISH
OF
MALAYSIA
White Pomfret. This fish is round and
Ikantenggiri. This fish looks like a tuna
Bilis. A small fish , its length is about
Catfish. The catfish has long whiskers
di fferent from other fish. It is delicious .
a nd is Cl well known fish.
th ree or four inches. Its taste is rich.
th at look like feelers, and no scales on its back.
Fishing
in
. ~
r lS HE
P'-! \. \...IN "
Malaysia is a lot
different from fishing in Austra­
lia.
In
fishing
Malaysia
is
done
most .of the
by
hand
nelH
shore with nets, where the men
wade into the water up to their
necks.
Then
they
cast
their
nets and drag them into shore
catching the fish
on the wl!ly.
Other fishing is done by fishing
boats in fleets and these go out
into
the
bigger
ocean
fish .
A
to
lot
catch
of
the
KELONGS
The long
to the trap at t
to swim betw ~
swim II10ng !c·
the trap. W , e­
fis h in the tra p :
people
earn their living by fishing and
selling
,'"
fish
they
catch .
-------~---
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101
NETTING
IKAN
BillS
The fishermen search near the
shore for a shoal of fish. The end
of the net is held by a man on
the beach, while the 200-300 yard
long net is paid out from a boat
in a semi circle. Floats at the top
of the net and weights at the
bottom keep it upright in the
water.
KELONGS
The long line of poles leads
to the trap at the end. Fish, afraid
to swim between the moving poles,
swim !llong towards a light near
the trap. When there are enough
fish in the trap a net is raised.
Pomfr e t
Porang- Parorlg
G ;;
~~fl
B;lis
102 :M
f~~~
POSTAGE
STAMPS
OF
MALAYSIA
\A.'\­
MAL
~
History
The first issue of postage stamps for the Straits Settlements which included Penang and
Province Wellesley was made on 1st September 1867. These nine Provisionals, printed in Great Britain,
all bear the head of Queen Victoria. Clnd are now quite rare and valuable. When printed they ranged in
value from 1.J, c. to 32 c .
~
~
I
~
~
~
One of the most valuable Malayan stamps was issued in 1906. The purple and orange stamp ~
bearing the head c.f King Edward VII was worth $500 when issued and was used for official documents, Ii
deeds etc. In mint condition it is now worth approx. M$80,000. Only a few are known to be in
existence.
,
During the Japanese occupation the stamps of the Straits Settlements, Federated and
Unfederated Malay States were over-printed with J apanese seals. In 1943 the Japanese Occupation
Forces printed theil' own stamps.
Following the re-occupation by British Forces in 1945 the Straits Settlements stamps bearing
the the head of King . George VI were overprinted with B.M.A. (British Military Administration), The overprinting was done in Singapore, Australia and Great Britain.
,
~
"
\
I
,l
;
I
,.
In 1949-51 the then 12 states of Malaya began issuing their own stamps. A special issue was
made on 31st August, 1957 marking Independence Day . This 10c. stamp shows the Chief Minister,
Tengku Abdul Rahman, and the populace greeting Independence.
",
,,
,
, ",
"
,
(
\Nith the exception of one issue printed in Holland and a few printed in Japan , all Malaysian '
postage stamps are printed in Great Britain .
BURONG KUNYET
(BLACK NAPED
Length 10 ~
some black a
encircling the era
This is a rather Icx:a
Island . This is c-"
plumage with a
whistle , 'too-whee, .
tree dnd very d' -:
(5/6H cla'Ss appreciates the co-operation received from M . B. Jinadasa, in the compilation of these notes.)
C' ,
,
I
103
"~~ ~
,
i
~;
MALAYSIA
.,
~
BURONG SIUL
(CRESTED GREEN WOOD PARTRIDGE)
A da rk , glossy b lu e-g reen bird ab o ut 10 inc hes long ,
Wi ngs are dar k brown and it has a long m aroon c rest and
tuft of long b lack brist les on head .
A c omm on bird , it is fou nd in dr ier jungl e si ng ly o r in
pa irs in the und ergrowth up t o 4000 ',
CURRENT
STAMPS
OF
MALAYSIA
BURONG KUNYET BESAR
(BLACK NAPED ORIOLE)
Length 101- inches, Male bright c lear yellow with som e b lack on t he wings and t ail and a black band enc irc lin g th e cro wn of the head at th e lev el of the eyes , T hi s is a ra t her loca l b ird , partic ularl y commo n on Singapore Island . Th is is one of th e f ew bi rds whi ch co m b in es b rig ht pl umage wi t h a p leas in g v oice; its ca ll is a lo ud flute-li ke wh ist le, 'too- w hee-yo u' . Th e nest is usuall y hig h up in a tree and v ery d iffi cul t of access . ~
~~ ~
~~~
~~ ~' I
104
iViERBOK
(BARRED GROUND DOVE)
Common in the more open parts of the low country.
Particularly common in gardens.
Considered lucky by the Malayan country people who
never shoot or molest them. This is probably why it is
so tame . Does not coo like other doves but ca1Js with a
sort of melodious chuckling note.
ENG GANG
(RHINOCEROS
BURONG PACHAT
(BANDED PITTA)
This bird is found locally in th e drier jungles of the
states, appearing to p re"fer t he vicinity of the limestone hills. It has vividl y' colour ed f eather s (black, brown, orange,
yellow) and grows to appro x imately 8" in length.
MURAl EKOR GADING
(PARADISE FLY CATCHER)
The male bild , as it grows older, changes colour. It
can be either chestnut or pure white except for a black
head . A feature is the elongated central tail feather s which
can be up to 10" in length . A fascinating bird to watch
as it appears to float rather than fly when " hawking " for
insects . Found in lowland3 and foothills but does not frequent inhabited country.
105
This is . ­
Hornbills and
not infrequ er-­
clearings and .
The noise o ' ~
loud and ha_
strenuous
c -.
labouring up z
harsh laug h
KUANG
(ARGUS PHE A~
Widely d is :"
4000' in jung.
swampy ref; .: ­
coast. Very
seen but its c _
call "Kwau o ',
in the earl y
dusk . Mak e;;­
ing in the jn
;~~~~~r::o~N~r::oY:i~Y:i~Y;;;~Y;;;~>-:A~~~~~,rJ:i"'~::;'
A:. I ~
~
~
ENGGANG (RHINOCEROS HORNBILL) i~
~
},
"
~
1
MURAl GAJAH
(FA!RY BLUEBIRD)
This is the least rare of the large
Hornbills and, although a jungl e bird, is
not infrequently seen at the edg e of
clearings and flying over open country.
The noise of the wings in flight is very
loud and has been compared to the
strenuous 'chuffing' of a locomotive
labouring up a hill. The call is a loud ,
harsh laugh.
Male :-Above from crown to tail a
shining blue. Bill, feet and rest of body
a velvety black. Female :-dull, greenish­
blue but wings have dark brown edges.
Common up to
jungl e bird but visits
when cenain trees
common on Penang
4000'. Normally a
more open country
are in fruit. Quite
Hill.
~
'~
~
~
~
~
~~
;~
~
\~
~
KUANG (ARGUS PHEASANT) Widely distributed up to
4000' in jungle, except in
swampy regions near the
coast. Very wary and rarely
seen but its loud penetrating
call " Kwauow" is often heard
in the early morning and at
dusk. Makes a small clear­
ing in the jungle.
~
~
~
~~.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
106
PLANTS
OF
MALAYSIA
2
3
ALLAMANDA
1.
The Allamanda is a very attractive and
common shrub. The large yellow flower is an
easy plant to grow.
By Michelle Marrinon
4
RAMBUTANS
5.
A rambutan is red and hairy outside and
it is white Inside with a big white seed and
most Chinese people eat them. They grow on
a tree.
By Susan Mitchell 3J
MANGOSTEENS
BOUGAINVILLEA
6.
In Malaysia you can sometimes get man ­
2.
. The bougainvillea is one of the most gosteens in the market or off trees. They can
attractive shrubs in MalaYd because its flowers stain your clothes. Th ey have some juice and
grow so thick. Many people keep bougain­ have a purple skin and a big white seed inside
villea in pots in their homes.
By Dianne Ford
By Juanita Wei ley
PINEAPPLES
FRANGIPANNI
7. In Malaysia people grow lots of pineapples. "
3.
This large colourful tree is a favourite in They put them in cans and send them to other
Malaya. It has a lovely perfume, and it lasts a countries.
long time in water.
DURIAN
By Donna Holland . 8.
In Malaysia there are durians which are
wrapped up in attap palm baskets to keep bats
MORNING GLORY
away. Malaysians like durians and we don't
because they smell. They have a spiky skin
4.
This plant likes growing on fences around and if you press your finger on it , it will hurt
gardens The morning glory is a very common you. Inside the durian it is yellow and it is
Malayan plant.
smooth.
By Michelle Rodger 3J
By Michelll Hawkes .
r ,I .
107 ROYAL
PALM
9.
The royal palm is a tall tree, with a smooth trunk. We see
these trees planted on each side of tho road or around parks .
By Valerie Mulder .
BETEL
NUT
10.
The betel nut tree is a small palm tree. Some Malays chew the
nut of this tree. Penan9 got its name from this tree, which is called
Pokok Pinang .
By Ian Paris.
COCONUTS
11 .
When the coconuts are cracked open there is milk and the
inside is white. The outside is brown and hairy and the men climb
the coconut tree to cut them down with parangs .
By Ian Townsend .
BAMBOO
12.
Bamboo is uS.ed for tables and cots and it is mostly found in
Malays ia. It is very shiny and looks strong . You can make the top
of a bed with bamboo. Bamboo grows very quickly-more quickly
than you think. It is hollow, too.
By Lisa Dahl. 3J .
THE
PAPAYA
13.
In the jungle you can find papayas and in the 9arden sometimes
too . They are long and fat and orange coloured , and inside there are
lo ts of seeds. You can put sugar on them and have them for tea .
By Stephen Jago. 3J.
10
SUGAR
CANE
14.
Sugar cane is very sweet, and it is very nice.
like it.
Malaysians get sugar out of it, when they squash the sugar cane.
By Gregory Garth . 3J.
BANANAS
15.
When bananClS are green that means they are not ripe . When
they turn yellow they are ri pe . Small bananas ' are not very good .
They are for monkeys.
By N'icholas Johnston. 3J .
PROTECTING
11
FRUIT
16.
The Malays weave long baskets out of attap . These are tied
over the fruit, 9rowing on the trees to stop bats and insects eating
the fruit.
. By Nicholas Johnst0n . 3J.
108
The pumpkin of Malaysia is shaped like this. It may be green or orange in colour with a thin, smooth, hard skin. Inside the flesh is a bright orange. I t is easily cooked and has a fine flavour and soft It texture.
bakes welL Carrots are grown in the gardens of the Cameron
Highlands. . Some are small and sweet but some grow to a giant size. They are bright orange. Carrot
Pumpkin ,
PAD I WORKERS
Unlike eg
six months to g -c
plant needs a loc
planted . The 10
the field is flo oded
must be transpl ar :o
There must be ju :
that the plants w
0
The ric e
may be left. T e
the rice mill in A.lc­
the rice gra,in s.
CUCUMBERS.
THE CHINESE CABBAGE.
Cucum­
bers, being
juicy and
cool, are
a favourite
salad vege­
table, espe­
cially with
hot dishes
Ii k e
curry.
The Chinese cabbage or wombok is longer and more delicate than our cabbages. It is grown exten­ sively in the High­
lands and is on sale at road­
side
stalls, markets and greengrocer carts. Chinese Cabbage
Cucumber
109
PADI WORKERS
Unlike vegetables which grow very quickly and can be grown all year round, rice takes about
six months to grow and can only be planted whe n there is plenty of rain. This is because the rice
plant needs a lot of water to grow well. Buffaloes are used to plou9h the ground before the seeds are
planted. The low mud walls round the padi fields are called bunds. They keep the water in when
the field is flooded to make the rice grow. After Ii tty days the seeds have grown into seedlings and
must be transplanted. The padi field then must be weeded so that the weeds will not kill the plants.
There must be just enough water in the fields ; and pigs, rats and insects must be guarded against so
that the plants will not be destroyed .
The rice must be harvested and threshed .
It is then sifted to get rid of the bits of stalk that
may be left. The brown husk is pounded away so that only the grain is left. A lot of rice is sent to
the rice mill in Alar Star where machines are used t a separate the husks from the grain and also to polish
the rice grains.
VEGETABLE GROWERS
The vegetables sold in town markets
arE) usually grown in gardens just outside
the town. The vegetable grower and his
family live in an attap hut nearby. There
is a well from which they get drinking water
and some ponds from which they get water
for watering the vegetables. Often a few
pigs are kept, and also some chickens. The
vegetable gardens are neatly laid out with
pathways between the beds. The gardens
h(Jve to be watered two or three times a
day, except when it is raining hard. When
the vegetables have grown big enough to
be sold they are cut or pulled from the
ground. This is usually done in the evening
and the cool night air keeps them fresh.
Early next morning they are taken to the
market on a bicycle. More vegetables are
then planted in place of those that have
been sold .
110
~,
~~
~~~~
"J
'~
ANIMAL
LIFE
OF
MALAYSIA
TIGER.
The tiger is found in the jungle. He is known as
Harimau . He is beautiful to look at, about eight feet long
clnd very dangerous .
Peter Bourchier.
5
~
~
~
WATER
5. This an r­
has a red d is
Its face has G
look like a fr o
them as pe s
~
BUFFALO.
2. The water -ba ffalo is a common sight in many padi­
fields. He is very useful for pulling the plough in the
rice fields .
f.,~.
~
"­
I.
Michael Scutts.
~~
6. The ba r
is a goat-like a
like a horse.
f ood. The jun
the barking of I
~
2
~
,
f.
,
f.
",
BULLOCK.
f.
3. A bullock pulling a cart is an every day sight in
Malaysia . It is a large animal with a hump on its back .
Russell West.
,
'
LONG ­
9. The most:
has a green b ~
green patch a
:lcream .
;"
,
H
3
~,
,
ELEPHANT.
4. The elephant is the largest land animal in the Malayan
jungles. Its Malay name is Gajah . Elepharlts feed on
fruits and vegetables .
'
,
"
. Marc Colless .
,
4
111
11 . It builds 13 £
of buildings.
wall with its c;.
cry .
~~~~~'-~'-":'~~~~~~"''''"--':''''-''-~~~~~~~~''''''
...,-,~
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5
6
MASKED
7
TAPIR . .
MUSANG.
~
5. This animal is about three feet long and
has a reddish brown coat, and a bushy tail.
Its face has black and white markings which
look like a mask. Some people like to keep
them as pets. They eat small animals.
~
Meagan Pearce.
~
~
~
i
~
~
BARKING
7. The tapir is a pig that started out ·to be
an elephant and changed his mind . He hides
in jungle where he lives near the river.
Dillnne Clayton .
DEER .
RED - BELLIED
6. The barking deer is known as Kijang. It
is a goat-like animal and its feet are hoofed
like a horse. Plants and bark are its main
f ood . The jungle call of this animal is like
the barking of a de g.
I
~
8
SQUIRREL.
8. Common all over Malaysia especially in
the south. He is known as Tupai . He collects
nuts and berries.
Stuart Cudahy .
G. Wilson .
*
LONG - TAILED
*
*
*
PAROQUET.
FLYING
THE
FOX.
10. The Flying Fox is a bat . It is the only
mammal that flies . When it is not flying it
hangs upside down by its claws. Many lie in
limestone caves in Malaysia.
9. The most common parrot in Malaysia . It
has a green body and a pink head with a small
green patch on top . Its call is an unpleasant
3cream .
Louise Gifford .
HOUSE
SWIFT .
WILD
11. It builds large mud nests under the roofs
of buildings . When it rests it hangs onto the
w all with its claws . It has a sha!p piercing
cry.
12.
PIG.
The wild pig or Babi Hutan lives in the
jungle. It eats the vegetables out of garden~
"
plots . It has a dark brown hairy skin.
Michael Nicholson .
Joanne Ross.
~~ 12
11
10
.&>
112
.D
.D
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~~
f..
~
MONKEY.
13
13. The monkey is widely spread through Millaysia. M<lny
ore kept in Botllnical Gardens or <IS pets in the home.
'~I
~
~
~
~~
~
"
~
~
GREEN
14
~
TURTLE.
14. Found in warm seas around Malaysia. Turtle meat
may be eaten but even more enjoyable are the turtle eggs.
Susan Hoyle.
~
~
~,~
~
~
~
~
KING
15
COBRA.
Kin~
15. The largest poisonous snake is the
Cobra . Its
bite can kill il man. It is green in colour with an orangeyellow throat.
Paul Ferguson.
HOUSE
16
GECKO
OR
CHICHAK.
16. He runs across the ceiling of our home. He likes to
eat insects . When he is chased he throws off his tail
and leaves it behind for his enemy to catch.
~'~
~
~
\
~~
'I
~
~
~
~
~
17. This bea u ,
reefs, but it
:..
has spines wh ic '
19. In Malaysia
are killed by spr
the water in
mosquitoes caTT}
COM
21. Found in '.~,
very poisonous
and catches fis
feet long.
~
K,.io P"koc.
~
~
j
~l'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'
113
19
17
18
BUTTERFLY
ATLAS
COD.
17. This beautiful fish is found among the
reefs, but it must be handled carefully as it
has spines which can inflict a nasty wound .
MOTH.
18. One of the largest
Often seen in Malaysia
rooms at night. It may
across when the w ing s
moths in the world .
flying about lighted
measure ten inches
are open .
Joanne Chaplin .
MOSQUITO.
19. In Malaysia today millions of mosquitoes
are killed by spraying with oil the surface of
the water in which they breed . Not all
mosquitoes carry Malaria .
Phillip Price.
COMMON
SEA
MOUSE
.DEER
20. A small hoofed animal Dbout eight inches
high. It is not like any other deer as it has
no antlers.
Jeffrey Mitton.
SNAKE.
21 . Found in waters around Malaysia. It is
very poisonous. It swims near the surface
and catches fish for its food. It is about three
feet long .
Shelley Anderson.
SELADANG.
22. A very common wild ox known as Gaur.
They usually move in herds in the jungle.
Martin Driver.
MALAYSIAN
BATIK
Batik is a method of dyeing cloth. In Malaysia batik is the name given to two
versions of a craft which although obscure in origin, developed in Indonesia where the
sarong was the traditional dress. It wa s coloured by painting out with molten WiJX
any parts of the cloth which were not required to have a particular colour. A design
could thus be built up in a variety of shapes an:) colours.
The more comm on craft in Malaysian batik IS the dyeing of sarong lengths or
continuous rolls oj material by wh at is virtually a silk screen process, carried out by
hand . The more traditiona l method is used to produce paintings. The wax is removed
by boiling . Another pattern ca n then be applied and the cloth dyed, the process being
repeated until the painting is complete.
A lrip to A Batik Factory.
On Friday the 28th March 3F went to the Batik Factory for a visit. On our
way w e saw the Penang Free School. It wa s a bumpy road. Then sometime later we
saw the Malayan Teachers' College and we sp ied a couple of water buff()loes. When
we arrived at the Batik Factory a man named John took us to the artists ' room. Th.3Y
showed us the screens made of a wooden frame with tightened copper wire . Then he
took us to the washing wom C1nd showed u s the ironing machine as well as a huge
black thing which was a steam pressured iron.
Drying batik cloth
The ir.oning room
fo \ . __
115 MATERIAL
The cotton and tetoron material comes from Japan and
Pakistan. All of the material in Japan and Pakistan comes to
Malaysia by ship. Colton material is the best for printing Batik .
PRINTING BATIK MATERIALS
The people that print Batik, print the Japanese tetoron
cotton on a long tClble 80 feet long and 48 inches wide . First the
material is put on the table so that it is stuck to the table .
The material is 36 inches wide and 81 feet long . The man that
welcomed us was an Indian man called John . He showed us
around the factory
ACID BATH
The acid bath changes the colour of the dyes. First the
material is taken to the sheds where the acid bath is . After the
material has been in the acid the men hang it out to dry.
WASHING
Th e people wash the batik in many different w ays. First
they put it into the acid bath. When they take it out it will have
di fferent colours . After that they wash it with soap. flnd rinse
it in water .
IRONING BATIK
Before the batik is ironed it is washed . After the batik is
dry they take it to a shed to be ironed by machines. The
machin e hil S two large pieces of iron and after the batik has
gone through it the material goes onto a table to be folded into
rolls. After that is finished it goes to a shop outside the batik
factory .
DYES
All the dyes come from Germany or France. The dyes that
have been made are put on to a design. The dyes are pu shed
through a copper screen which has some areas blacked out.
DESIGNS
The designs are made in Thailand . I've been there and there
('Ire some lovely designs. I watched the men print the patterns
on the tetoron material. The tables are 80 or 90 feet long and
about 48 inches wide . I saw the man put the printed material
into the acid and a lot of smoke came up . Everyone coughed
ex cept the teacher. I had a lovely day at the Batik factory.
116
Thailand
where
the designs come
from
,
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Pakist<Jn
which
supplies the cloth
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117
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Plate at left shows a Malay applying wax template to
a piece of cloth In the traditional process of producing
batik material. This photograph was taken at Khcii:<r'
Bahru where batik is a cottage industry.
The plates below show artist Yong Kheng Wah apply-
iog <h' dye
'0
<h' ,"wmd " ' " of 'h' "Ofh.
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118
K.C. Top Row ( L
Hillman Middle Row
K. W ag .
Bottom Row
((.R.
Top Row ( L
J . Tow . -::
Middle Roy
1
D. Mc P- ?'
Botiom Ro '/
M . M o ,,:
119
K.C.
Top Row (l. to R.) :-J. Moore, D. Brook. A . Dacey, C. McKenzie, S. Harrison, J . Gibbon , J .
Hillman. S. Jansen . A . Pryor. C. Goodwin. M . Gra nger, P. McD errmot .
Middle Row (l. to R.) ::.......S . Carde ll , K . Fulloo n, T. Higham . D. Abbott. D , Walsh. J . Hildred.
K. Wag enfeller, J . Oldknow. K. Salmons. T. Yeats. S. Walsh. Bottom Row (l. to R.) :-D . Fellows. J. Grah am. A . Norman. A , · Pas inl. I<.R.
Top Row (l. to R.) :-B . Wooll ey. T. Wode. S. McLoughlin . P. Mitchell. P. Byfield . P. Hobbs.
J . Townsend . P. Wilson . K. Norman. K. Poole.
Middle Row (l. to R.) :-J . Nottage. S. Karpin. I. Bulbrook. J . Weber. F. Miles. S. Drury .
D. McPherson. K. Jon es. C. Sm ith. J . Eich ner.
Bot~ om Row (l. to R.) :-R . Musson, G. Murray . R. Loram . P. Nolan . S. Matthews. N , Guy .
M . Moffat. A . Hughes. G. Hackfath. M. Dah l.
120
K.T.
1 L
Top Row (L. to R.) :-J. Baker, M . Duffy, S. Minter, D. Duncan, S. Carney , D. Bennetts, G.
Kirk, G. Fagan , P. Knight, G. Caldwell, R. Flint, C. Muir, S. Watters .
Middle Row (L. to R.) :-L. Ellem, L. Steer, T. Herd , S. Anthony, B. Leek , J . Callister, A.
Gordon , M . Whitworth, B. Rowland, A. Hibbert, L. Greinke.
Bottom Row (L. to R.) :-A. Brown, S. Forbes, A. Griffin , A. Kidd , D. Ovenden, T . Hill.
Top Row (L. :
McHu{l h
Middle Row (l
Keith R2_
Bottom Row
Tania
_
Karen S
e
10
IS
Top Row (L. to R.) :-Steven Drinkwater, Robert Langsford, Kenny Musson, Graeme Grant,
Gregory Ganter, Andrew Smith, Milrtin Tomlin, Robert Broadstock, Darren Howe.
Middle Row (L. to R.) :-Michael Jeynes, Bruce Caldwell, David Mitchell, Peter Hill, Michael
Pizarro, Todd Bolin, Darren Biglands, Lan ce Santon , Wayde Burden, Jonathon Bugden,
Glen Goodwin .
.
B:9ttom Row (L. to R.) :-Suann Landry , Sue-Anne Hamilton, Michelle Murphy, Tracey We i­
ley, Pauline Plant, Julie Bridge, Mrs . M . Ow en, Venessa Beaumont, Desley Badrick,
Deborah Cardell, Angela Corbett, Jo-Ann e Cross .
121
Top Row (L - ­
M. Le w ,s
Middle Row (
P. Dunce
Bottom Row (L
P. Bu lbroc
1 L
Top Row (L. to R.) :-Ian Kelly. Michael Mild reno Phillip McKenzie, Wayne Beggs. Shaun
McHugh . Steven Legge. Jeremie Johnsto ne. Paul Evans . Damien Wood .
Middle Row (L. to R.) :-Geoffery Pryor, Tony Cameron , Christopher McDermott, Gary Pasini,
Keith Rae, Walter Ripper. Jeffrey Cardell; Mark Brooke, Jason Crake; Trevor McMutrie.
Bottom Row (L. to R.) :-Corinne Doyle, Sandra King , Caroline Cavanagh, Karen Mulder. '
Tania Vigar, Mrs . Jenkins, Brenda Denne!, Robyn Richards, Donna Rodger, Denise Clay,
Karen Stewart. Elizabeth Kinch.
IS
Top Row (L. to R.) :-1<. Horton , A. Hardima n, A . Lawles s. P. White, C. Thomas, M . Taylor,
M. Lewis. S. Jamieson . R. Bray, L. Thorpe, R. Palmer.
Middle Row (L. to R.) :-N . Gifford, M . Manser. V . Bertram . S. Moffat , J . Marrinon, D. Quinn ,
P. Duncan, D. McKinnon , M . Edwards. A. Flack, R. Karpin .
Bottom Row (L. to R.) :-C . Cain , S. Price. D . Watson, J . Salmons, A . Harding . M. Duggan ,
P. Bulbrook, I. Griffiths. S. Dwyer.
122
I J
2 R
Top Row (L. to R.) :-M . Oakley, C. Cummins, C. O'Connor, D. Cahill, S. Dyson, J . Melehan,
D. Deleeuw, L. Wainwright, E. Berlin , G. Crossman, C. McKenzie.
Middle Row (L. to R.) : -T . Garrick , W. Hewitt, K. Pommer, l . Fulloon, S. Spooner, A Brown,
K.. Dean, K Wrig ht, A. Colclough , B. Perry, M . Sherwoo d .
Bottom Row (L. to R.) :--':'M. Dengate, G. Griffiths, D. Dobs on, K. Smith, G. Pryor, J. Oven­
den , C. Sard, G. Pyke, T. Segal.
2W
Top Row (L. to R.) :-Barry Jago, Mrs . Wood man, Patrick Bennett.
Middle Row (L. to R.) :-Stephen Ford , Brett. Coliess, Bryn McGrory , Ken Boggs, Glenn
Campbell , Glen lenn ox, Martin Bulbrook, Mart in Behan, Scott Paton, Peter Williams .
Bottom Row (L. to R.) :-Ronald Wilson , Gregory Evans, Deanne O' Donoghue, Robyn Eyre,
Michelle Sax ton, Shan Mulder, Am anda Sullivan, Helen Roach, Allyson Jarrott, Jennifer
Dennett, Stephen Clay , Clive Bateson.
123
Top Row (l
David Ca­
Middle Row l
Burton, ~.:
Bottom Row
Ryan T- -­
Kidd .'
'''­
2 K
Top Row (L. to
Middle Row (l
Gilderslec. e
lindsa y. : .2:
Bottom Row (L
Ann Dyba
Whall ey, S­
2 R
Top Row (L. to R.) :-Brett Scovell, Scott Smith, Terry Paris, Andrew Poole, Allan Tyler,
David Campbell, Russell Garth.
Middle Row (L. to R.) :-Sh aron We st, Eileen Bulbrook, Darren Wood, Rhoss Wilscn, Roger
Burton, Darron Santon, Shane Milligan, Craig Harding Joann e Oven don, Debra Cox.
Bottom Row (L. to R.) :-Georgina Mann, Gail Kelly, Christine Shilton, T racey Marriot, Mrs.
Ryan, Tracy Quinn, Lynd a Furze, Jennie Cardell, Karyn Huds on VeroniCi;1 Young, Peggy
Kidd.
2 K
Top Row (L. to R.) :-Paul Noonan, P3ter Neale, Miss Kelly, Stephen Jenkins, Ian Potts.
Middle Row (L. to R.) :-Gavan MacKenzie, Clayton Halvorson , Lind a Thompson, Amanda
Gildersleeve, Juli e- Anne Brown, Wendy Wilson, (class captain) Dianne Minter, Darren
Lindsay, David Morgan.
Bottom Row (L. to R.) :-Jennifer Smith, Donna O'Leary, Fiona Forb es, Tracey Weber, Lee­
Ann Dyball, Alison Byfi eld , Caroline Granshaw, Sharon Easton , Sharon Manser, Sharon
Whalley , Shelley Hyland , Stacey Anderson.
124
2 G
Top Row (L. to R.) :-Peter Dacey, Anthony Hewitt, Miss Goodwin, Donald Cook, Shane
Crockett.
Middle Row (L. to R.) :-Brett Leach, Philip Smith, Colin Sermon, 'Glen Richards, Garry
Lowe, Robert Webber, John Piepers, Mic hael Cummins, Ronald Doyle, Robert Nelson.
Bottom Row (L. to R.) :-Ccroline Whitworth, Anne Guymer, Deborah Vigar, Colleen Jefferies,
Vanessa Garrard, Meredith Hart, (Class Captain) Anne Salmons, Leith Townsend,
Theresa McDermott, Lee-Anne Harmer, Jennifer Scutts, Karyn Smith.
3 F
Top Row (L. to R.) :-Mark Dunne, Michael Barnes, Haydon Biglands, Colin Speed ie, Kenneth
Watson, Gregory Wilson, Kim Mulligan, Phillip Melehan, Donald Matthews, Mark Maunder,
Peter Allen.
Middle Row (L. to R.) :-John Kenny, Nalene Manser, Barbara Cavanagh, Tracy Piepers,
Robert Dyball, Glen Richardson, Kaye Webber, Rosemary Rowland, Leanne Higham,
Christine Ellem, Paul Lidster.
Bottom Row (L. to R.) :-Anne Nelson, Mary Avery, Aleata Cassells, Deborah Bray, Christine
Stead, Miss B. M. Flanagan, Debra Whalley, Deborah O'Connor, Susan Coleman, Vickie
Moore, Babara Poole.
125
"3 A.
Top Row (L
Dea r") C:.
Middle Ro •
Step hen
Plant.
Bottom Ro ',
Don na
Deng ale
3 E
Top Row (L I
' Ellem
".
Middle R~w ' (
Cam eroo ~
Denn et1.
Bottom Row
Munson,
3 A
Top Row (L. to R.) :-Stephen Longden, Stephen Mc .Murtire, Garry Bridg e, Dale Burden ,
Dean Coleman, Roderick Drury .
Middle Row (L. to R.) :-Julie Dwyer, Donna Moore Wayne Hamilton , Alexander M ann .
Stephen Saxton, David Fagan, Chris Pommer, Tony Hackfath , Susan Hildred , Cathryn
Pl ant.
Bottom Row (L. to R.) :-Robyn Badrick, Linda Bray , Chri stine Horton, Juli e Sanderson ,
Donna McNe lley, Sandra Frese, Janelle .Nicholson , Cheryl Goodwin, Narelle Yeats, Janine
Dengate, Kim Mitchell.
3 E
Top Row (L. to R.) :-Ian Paris. Daniel Bennetts, Michael Hawkes, Stephen Hawes, Mr. G.
Ellem , Mark Brown, Graham Brown, Jaim e Garrick, Phillip Datson, Brian Langsford.
Middle Row (L.to R.) :-Cory Langham, T ony Evans, Lee Hussey, David Berlin, Nigel Webster,
Cameron Hall, Peter Johnston, Douglas Mitton , Bruce Jones, Gary Colthorpe, Gregory
Dennett.
Bottom Row (L. to R.) :-Juanila Weiley, Donna Holland, Julie Legge, Valerie Mulder, Jane
Munson , Narelle Hyland , Robyn O'Hara, Michelle Marrinon , Patricia Corbett.
126
3 J
4 B
Top Row (L. to R.) :-Stephen White, Michael Kable, Bruce Howe.
Middle Row (L. to R.) :-Nasri Bale, Mark Noonan, Bruce Duncan, Mark O'Donoghue, Ian
Townsend, Keith Smith, Shane Miles, Nicholas Johnston, Stephen Jago, Mark Schultz,
Gre-gory Garth.
Bottom Row (L. to R.) :-Jacqueline Kelly, Susan Mitchell, Cheryl Mitchell, Michelle Rodger,
Miss Jones, Dianne Ford, Tonianne Eyre, Lisa Dahl.
Top Row (
Darryl
Middle R o ~'
Rodne y
Bottom Ro '
Leann e.
Hele ')
:
4 R
4 C
Top Row (L. to R.) :-Shane Langilam, Paul Ferguson, Jeff Mitton, Greg Wilson, Martin Driver,
Russell West, Michael Scutts.
Middle Row (L. to R.) :-Kevin Parker, Peter Bourchier, Stuart .Cudahy, Phillip Price, Michael
Nicholson, Marc Colless.
Bottom Row (L. to R.) :-Shelley Anderson, Meagan Pe'arse, Linda Frese, Mr. Colclough,
Joann Ross, Louise Gifford, Dianne Clayton. Absent:-Joanne Chaplin.
127
Top Row ( L
pen g al e
Middle Row
Hart, K rr
Front Row (L '
Lisa Row 2
Grei nke,
4 B
Top Row (L. to R.) :-Terry Cross, Ricky Lennox, Brian Pizarro, Alan Johnston, Mr. Byfield,
Darryl Ovenden, Dale Eyre, Christopher Gildersleeve, Donald Kidd, Scott Sardo
Middle Row (L. to R.) :-Lisa Murray, Suzanne Thorpe, Wayne Kelly , Christopher Munrowd ,
Rodney Potts, Stephen Plant, Trevor Lid ster, Leesa Caldwell, Marion Stewart.
Bottom Row (L. to R) :-Deborah Riley, Dianne Jarrett, Sharon McKenzie, Karen Young,
Leanne Worth, Kerry Bolin, Susan Richardson, Lynda Roach, Robyn Gell, Catherine Allan .
Helen Richards.
4 R
Top Row (L. to R.) :-Craig Guymer, Tony Murphy, Warren Oakley, John Fisher, Mr. Rip­
pengale, Shannon Doughty, Brady Cumm ins, Grant Odell, David Gell.
Middle Row (L. to R.) : -Thomas Muir, Derek Glenn, Christine Thorpe, Debra Best, Sandra
Hart, Kym Tierney, Rosalind Byfield, Michelle Rands, Ross Dyson .
Front Row (L. to R.) :-Sandra Mackenzie Joa nne Mulligan, Deidre Leppard, Michelle Rowe,
Lisa Rowe, Wendy Webster, Wendy Colclough, Jane Cook, Robyn Hayman, Paullette
Greinke, Mandy Paton.
5/6H
5 S
Top Row (L. to R.) : -Thomas Longden, Jame s Pearce, Jeffrey Howe, Brad Gregory, Russell
Santon, Mark Williams, Russell Highland, Peter Jarrott, Gary Anderson, Peter Pommer,
Craig Buffham.
.
Middle Row (L. to R.) :-Peter Moore, Janifer Lewis, Janine Speedie, Lauraine Muir, Wendy
Nelson, Leigh-Anne Herring, Julie Wade, Suzanne Campbell, Cindy Flint, Annamarie
Kenny, Christine Richardson, Michae
e.
Bottom Row (L. to R.) :-Diane Smith, Toni Crag
Michelle Harvey, Tarni Holland, Kilthy
Nelson, Miss J. Swanton, Shaleen Mc ro
Ise Moores, Susan Old know, Sandra Horton, '
Julie Kidd.
Top Row (L
M. Ke l
Middle Ro
Bottom Ro
D. Da
6 S
5 B
Top Row (L. to R.) :-David Cross, Shaun MacKenzie, Derek Rae, Michael Frese, Vincent
Bennetts, Max Matthews , Cameron Cudahy, Geoffrey Addenbrooke, Stephen Clayton,
Marc Leppard, Ronald Brown .
Middle Row (L. to R.) :-Karen Rands, Annette Pizarro, Janet Webster, Geoffrey Perry, David
Barnes, Glenn Wilson, Gregory Scovell, Jennifer Sermon, Erica Clark, Judith Young .
Bottom Row (L. to R.) :-Judith Ganter, Bronwyn Weller, Jo-Ann Kable , Valerie Lumsden
Rosalind Sermon, Mrs. Sims , Deanne Catts, Joanne Lawless, Sally Munrowd, Susan
Langsford, Karen Smith.
129
Top Row (
m ons
Middle Ro
Roac
Bottom
C rist
M aIT ~ : :
5/6H
Top Row (L. to R.) :-B . Halvorson, W.
M. Kelly , K. Sanderson , M. Rodger.
Middle Row (L. to R.) :-L. Drummond,
Bottom Row (L. to R.) :-L. Ford, L.
D. Dahl, R. Hawes, S. Price .
6 S
Mulligan , S. Halvorson, J. Smith, G. Potts, S. Pizarro,
G. Driver.
K. Dengate .
White, C. Garrick, J . Caldwell, Mr. Hart, T . Frost,
Top Row (L. to R.) :-Keith Rands, Kerry Mitton , Ron Addenbrooke, Peter Brown, Mr. Sal­
mons, Robert Ryan, Anthony Allan, Glenn Santon , Ken Granshaw .
Middle Row (L.to R.) :-Karen Eyre, Greg Hayman, Stephen Yeomans, John Forster, Alan
Roach , Tony Perkins, Paul Mann, Tony Dunne, Michael Hall, Yvonne Mann .
Bottom Row (L.to R.) :-Lee-anne Lewis, Karen O'Donoghue, Zen a Hussey, Julie Bray,
Christine Brown, Valerie Tierney, Glyn is Dally-Watkins, Jul ie Drew, Jenny Francis, Debra
Marriott, Debra Campbell.
130
6 D
FORM 1 Z
Back Row (L. to R) :-0, Alexa nder, p, Gell , J, Watson, G. Abbott, I. Harrison , Mr, Doughty ,
T. Sanderson, S, Watson, p, Harrell , R. VIf hite, R. Cassells,
Middle Row (L. to R.) :-C. Bourchier, S. Hai mes, S. Flint, T. Shilton, P. Poole, S. Worth ,
N. Glenn, J. Haym an, M. Longden, P. Fra ncis, J. Dobson, L. Smith.
Front Row (L. to R.) :-W. Richardson , L. Yeats, S. O'Leary, R. Infield, J. Bugden, G. White,
S. Fisher, C. Baker, M. Wyatt, P. Jones, C. Stead.
FORM 1 S
Back Ro\'
Cats
, Middle R •
M orr
Front Ro
C BrFORM 2 W
Back Row:-M . Lewis, S. Young, G. Edwards, H. Dou-ghty, G, Smith, G. Oakley, P. Jones,
. R.. Matthews, G. Oakley, M . Hudson, W. Ganter, R. Maunder.
Middle Row :-P . Morrison, T. Hyland , A. Nola·n, N. Anderson, L. Moores, M . Kirk, M. Hawes,
0: Jarre tt, L. Sermon, N. Jones, R. White .
Front Row:-D . Heidke, S. Parker, D. Dorian , V . Marriott, S. Speedie, Mr. Sims, J. Lee. J .
Rippengal e, L. W atters, D. Barnes, K. McGrory.
131
Back R
T
Middle
Par.
Front R
Ro
FORM 1 Z
Back Row :-W . Ryan , P. Parker, W . Freder icks, A . Dally -Watk ins, A . Nelson, L. Leighton , S.
Catts, P. Jon es.
, Middle Row :- T . Brighton , P. Ad denb rooke , P. Bray , D . Hawes, S. MacGrego r, J . Best, D.
Morro w D. Nicholson , R. Pearce, C. Eyre .
Front Row :-M . Tay lor, N. Lowe, K. Drummo nd, G. Perkin s, D . Harvey, J. Riley, E. Mil es,
C. Brooke, S. Hall, K . Yeats ,
FORM 2 W
Back Row :-P . Alexander, K. Frost, R. Lowe, D . Furze, Mr. W alsh, P. Richardson , C. Stevens,
T . Bugden , W . Halvorson.
Middle Row :-J. Hesford, E. Hall, G. Sharp, G. Hall, M. Hawe s, E. Larsen, K. Harris on , J .
Paton .
Front Row :-R . Joh nson, C. Hussey , H. Davi s, A . Fi sher, C. Brown, J . Coleman , L. Elli ott,
M . Campbell, D . Murph y, M . Granshaw.
132
FORM 2 C
FORM 4
Back Row:-L. Thompson, K. Docksey, F. Shilton , G. Wade, D. Kirk, S. Anderson, H. Dobson.
Middle Row:-D . Wyatt, A. O'Donoghue: M. King, A . Murray, S. Pluck, K. Lennox, S. Driver,
G. Mann .
.
Front Row:-R . Neilen, G. Lang , L. Rae, D . Jones, C. Matuschka, J. Ganter, R. Scovell, M.
Brooke, D. Longden.
3RD. FORM
•
Back Ro ' ­
G. Lo ' E
Middle Ro
Den Front Ro C. Dr ­
5TH AND 6T
Top Row (L. to R.) :-K. Cragg, G. Rodger, G Fletcher, J . Ganter, L. Henson , M . Harrison,
G. Miles, G. Elliott, G. Parker, P. Maunder.
1st Row (L. to R.) :-A. Hesford , L. Clark, G. Pearce, L. Frost, K. Sullivan, J. Henson, P.
Dally-Watkins, J. Longden , R. Perry.
2nd Row (L. to R,) :-K . Barnes, D. Dorricott, D . Speedie, S. Yeomans , Mr. Thorneycroft , K.
Campbell, K. Stevens, S. Rippengale, M . Nolan.
Bottom Row (L. to R.) :-R. White, J. Ryan , M . Drummond, S. Francis, D. Pluck, G. Cam pbell,
G, Leighton .
133
Back Ro
A :la .
Front Rm
-
ORM 4
Back Row:-L. Doughty, D. Neilen, G. Infield, M. Stevens, D. Murray, J. Furze, M . Matuschka,
G. Lowe, D. Lee.
Middle Row:-N. Taylor, S. Baker, L. Parker C. Ferguson, J. Drummond, A. Morrison , P.
Dent, L. Hudson, K . Parker.
Front Row :-P. Watters, D. Bourchier, M. Rav enscroft, P. Smith , A. Larsen, R. Dally-Watkins,
C. Drummond, L. Sharp, R. Evans.
5TH AND 6TH FORM
Back Row:-J . Lowe, J. Bourchier, B. Clark, G. White, Mr. Mottershead, P. Evans, D. Coleman,
A. Davis, R. Scovell.
Front Row :-L. Currie, D. Yeomans, L. Infield, S. Hawes, R. Lang, L. Forster.
134
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95A, Bishop Street, Penang,
Tel: 62775
BUSINESS HOURS:
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