9.1 The Market Revolution
Paola, Anbella, Shannon
U.S Markets Expand
American workers had depended on
trading with their neighbors and
producing their own goods as a way
to live. Then came a market
revolution, where people bought
and sold goods instead of having to
be self-sufficient.
- The Entrepreneurial
- New Inventions
- Impact on
Household Economy
The Economic Revolution
New inventions mostly developed in the
United States, made mostly to change
American life. Most inventions
transformed manufacturing,
transportation and communication.
- Impact on Transportation
 1807
1. Pennsylvanian Robert Fulton ushered in
the steamboat era.
a. The Clermont, made the 150-mile trip
up the Hudson river from New York City
to Albany, NY in 32 hours.
2. By 1830, 200 steamboats traced the
nations western rivers.
3. Water transportation was more
important in moving heavy machinery.
a. America had a mere 100 miles of
canals. 25 years later – over 25,000 miles
of canals.
4. Erle Canal's success led to dozens of
other canal projects.
Robert Fulton 17651815
- Impact on
Communication
 Telegraph-1837
1. Originally developed by Joseph
Henry
2. Samuel F. B. Morse, a New England
artist, improved on the telegraph to
carry messages, tapped in code
across a copper wire.
3. Railroads employed the telegraph to
keep trains moving regularly and to
warn engineers of safety hazards
4. By 1854, 23,000 miles of telegraph
wire crossed the country
- Emergence of Railroads
1. Heyday of the canals lasted
only until the 1860's, due to the
rapid emergence of railroads
2. 1840's – steam engines pulled
freight at ten miles an hour
3. Railroads grew to be both safe
and reliable, and the cost of
rail freight came down
4. 1850 – almost 10,000 miles of
track had been laid. 1859 –
railroads carried 2 billion tons of
freight a year
New Markets Link Regions
1811 - National roads opened up western travel.
1818 - 1838 The road extended from Cumberland,
Maryland, west to Wheeling, Virginia; It eventually
reached as far west as Springfield, Illinois.
a. By 1840 improved transportation and
communication made America's regions
interdependent.
 The South exported cotton to England, & New
England.
 The West grain & livestock fed workers in
eastern cities and Europe.
 The East manufactured textiles and machinery.
- Southern Agriculture
 The South relied on crops such as
cotton, tobacco, and rice.
 They had difficulties trying to build
factories, do to the capitals doing
a. money was tied up in land and
the slaves required to plant and
harvest the crops.
 Transportation and communication
lines were less advanced
a. helped keep Americans from every
region in touch with one another.
 new markets and
interdependencies created due to
the economic relationships
between the regions.
- Northeast Shipping & Manufacturing
 Heavy investment in canals and
railroads transformed the
Northeast into the center of
American commerce.
 1825 – Erie Canal
a. New York City became the
central link between American
agriculture and European markets.
b. more cotton was exported
through New York City than through
any other American city.
 The rise of manufacturing was the
most striking development in the
era.
- Midwest Farming
Cyrus
McCormick
1809 - 1884
John Deere
1804 - 1886
• In 1837, blacksmith John Deere invented the first
steel plow.
a. Deere’s steel plow enabled farmers to replace
their oxen with horses.
• In 1831, the mechanical reaper, invented by Cyrus
McCormick, permitted one farmer to do the work of five hired
hands.
• Then two ingenious inventions allowed farmers to develop the
farmland more efficiently and cheaply, and made farming
more prof-table.