International
System of Units
Mass
Measurement and Matter Vocabulary
System of measurement used by scientists around the world
to minimize confusion.
The measure of the amount of matter in an object
(Use triple beam balance to measure mass) *basic unit for
mass is gram
Weight
The measure of the force of gravity acting on an object
volume
The amount of space an object takes up
 use graduated cylinder to measure volume of a liquid
 Use length X width X height to measure volume of a
regular solid
meniscus
The “curve” in the graduated cylinder
Quantitative
measurement
A measurement based on numerical values
Qualitative
measurement
A measurement based on an object's characteristics such as
shape color smell etc.
density
Measure of how much mass is contained in a given
volume (density = mass divided by volume)
Matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
atom
The smallest particle of an element; the building blocks of all
matter. Atoms have energy: 1. Potential Energy-stored energy
2. Kinetic Energy- energy of motion
compound
two or more elements that are chemically bonded. Identified by
a formula. Ex. H2O = Water
mixture
compounds retain their individual properties. Ex. salt and
water (make ocean water)
Property
How an element/substance is identified
(physically/chemically), that allows us to recognize and
distinguish one substance from another.
physical property
A characteristic that can be observed or measured without
changing the substance.
chemical property
A characteristic that is related to changing the substance into
something else
periodic table
a way of organizing elements according to their atomic number
and properties.
Physical Change
* Matter that can be observed without changing the
composition of the substance. (the molecules are the same).
* No new substance is formed.
* It's appearance may change *It can also change phase
(added heat speeds up molecules, remove heat & molecules
slow down)
* Ice melting: an example of physical change
Chemical Change
Matter is changed chemically and it changes the make-up of
the substance (the molecules change)
After the change a new substance is formed. For Example: A
nail rusting
Sublimation
The process in which something transforms from the solid
phase to gaseous phase without turning to a liquid first.
For Example: Dry Ice
Condensation
A physical change when matter goes from a gas to a liquid.
For Example: water that forms on the outside of a cold cup
vaporization
A liquid becoming a gas
subatomic parts of
protons, neutrons and electrons
an atom
proton? (+)
Positively charged particle of an atom. Number of protons
identifies the element & determines most of the properties of
that element.
electron? (-)
Negatively charged particle of an atom. Electrons move rapidly
around the nucleus in a cloud of energy rings. Each ring can
only hold a certain number of electrons (2,8,18,32,50,72)
solubility
neutron
Neutrally charged particle of an atom (no charge) To find the
number of neutrons take the atomic mass and subtract the
atomic #
The property of a substance to dissolve Examples: salt in
water, sugar in sweet tea. Sand and water are non-soluble.
The sand will sink.
nucleus
The very small center core of atom made up of protons &
neutrons.
melting point
atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of atom (the number of
protons is also the number of electrons-they balance each
other out)
The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid
(The melting and boiling point would not change with more or
less of a substance; only the amount of time it takes would
change.)
boiling point
atomic mass
The sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Measured in AMU's(atomic mass units)
The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas:
(The melting and boiling point would not change with more or
less of a substance; only the amount of time it takes would
change.)
element
Pure, simple substance that can't be broken down into any
other substance by physical or chemical means. Ex. gold,
oxygen, carbon
molecule
two or more atoms bonded together
NOTE: The change is difficult or impossible to reverse.
*A new odor may be noticed, Bubbles of gas can form,
Evidence showing
Corrosiveness (rusting)
a chemical change:
*It's combustible or flammable (heat & light are given off)
*reactivity with chemicals