Beauty
Therapy
Contents
AIMS OF THE COURSE ............................................................................................ 3
ASSIGNMENT 1 ........................................................................................................ 4
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INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 5
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UNIT 3 ........................................................................................................................ 7
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UNIT 9 ...................................................................................................................... 10
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AIMS OF THE COURSE
This course is for those who wish to enter the beauty industry. You will
learn the skills and knowledge required to carry out main treatments,
including: facials, eyelash and brow treatments, make-up application,
removing hair using waxing techniques, manicures and pedicures.
It includes the relevant background information to provide you with
anatomy and physiology theory, health & safety and professionalism
within the salon (including how to carry out consultations and
successfully communicate with your clients). There is also a section
concentrating on starting your own business within the industry.
After completing this course successfully, you will be able to work as a
beauty therapist and look into working freelance either from home or as a
mobile therapist.
We advise you to read through the content before completing the
assignments. This will allow you to gain understanding and knowledge of
the subject. Wider reading is also encouraged. You will find assignments
1-7 in the next few pages. We hope you enjoy your course!
ASSIGNMENT 1
1.
Describe the therapist’s responsibilities under the following acts: (You will have
to research this section on the internet).
a. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974.
b. COSHH – Control of Substances Hazardous to Health.
c. RIDDOR – Reporting of Injury, Disease and Dangerous Occurrences
Regulations 1995.
2.
Discuss the implications of chemical over-exposure and how it should be
prevented in the context of the COSHH regulations.
3.
Describe the main principles of safely working with a client.
4.
Discuss why it is essential to have salon policies and procedures, and to maintain
accurate records.
INTRODUCTION
Beauty Therapy
Beauty therapy is a term used to identify therapy and treatments that involve the human
appearance. Normally, beauty therapy includes matters of the face, skin, nails and hair. The idea of
beauty therapy is thought to have begun in ancient Egypt in early 3000 B.C. There, natural minerals
and residue from insects, fruits, and plants were used to enhance the eyes, lips, and skin. In fact,
Queen Cleopatra of Egypt invested in beauty therapy by building a cosmetic factory (mostly for her
personal use and access). Beauty therapy continued to develop through history after Egypt in:
1600 B. C
The Chinese enhanced beauty by using a mixture of gum Arabic, gelatine, beeswax
and egg whites on their nails.
500 B.C The Greeks enhanced hair styling, skin, and nail care by applying lead to their faces, kohl to
their eyes, and vermillion to the cheeks and lips.
500 B.C The Romans enhanced their faces with facials that could include milk, bread, wine, corn,
flour, and fresh butter. Like the Greeks, they would also use chalk and lead on their faces.
476 A.D Beauty was enhanced throughout Europe with large headdresses, exuberant hairstyles, and
bold colours on the cheek and lips.
The Renaissance - The eyebrows were shaved and hair lines pushed back to exaggerate the size of
the forehead.
1837–1901
vegetables.
(Victorian Age) Skin care included facials of honey, eggs, milk, oatmeal, fruits, and
1901–2000
Marks a period of major changes in beauty therapy that include:
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Hollywood makeup (Max Factor – born Faktorowicz; 1904)
The curling iron (Charles Nessler; 1906)
Hair conditioner (Madame C.J. Walker; 1906)
Preheat perm (Ralph L. Evans, Everett G. McDonough; 1932)
Nail Polish (Charles Revson of Revlon; 1932)
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Permanent hair colour (Lawrence Gelb; 1932)
Texture perms (1941)
Tube mascara, home hair care and nail products (1951)
UNIT 3
Function
Anatomy is the study of the human body and its structures. Anatomy has subcategories in
physiology and histology. Physiology is the study of the activities the body performs and histology is
the study of the small structures found in tissue (microscopic anatomy).
Structure
Anatomy is made up of cells, tissue, organs and body systems, the skeletal system, the muscular
system, the nervous system, the circulatory system, the endocrine system, the digestive system, the
excretory system, the respiratory system, and the integumentary system.
Cells
Cells are the foundation of all living things. They are made of protoplasm which is described as a
jellylike substance that has no colour. Protoplasm contains some of the same elements found in food
like protein, fat, carbohydrates, mineral salt, and water. The “brain” of the cell that promotes cell
reproduction and metabolism is called the nucleus. Metabolism in cells refers to the process of cells
being nourished and completing their task. Metabolism is broken down into two subcategories:
anabolism (building up larger molecules from
smaller molecules) and catabolism (breaking down complicated compounds in the cell to smaller
compounds). Around the nucleus is cytoplasm that serves as a protective barrier. It also promotes
growth, reproduction and repair. The cell membrane is the wall around the cell that filters which
beneficial substances to let in and which harmful substances to keep out. When a cell reproduces, it
divides into two new identical cells through a process called mitosis. We will now explore cytoplasm
in more detail as the cytoplasm surrounds the nucleus and contains organelles, (little organs), which
perform different functions:
Mitochondria - Sometimes referred to as the “power houses” of the cell since they supply the cell
with energy. Cell survival depends on the chemical reactions that take place within the
mitochondria, these results in the release of energy, and the formation of ATP (Adenosine
triphosphate), the main energy transporter within the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum - A network of membranes that forms a system of canals through the
cytoplasm of a cell, thus, it forms the circulation of the cell allowing movement of different
substances.
Ribosomes - “Protein factories” of a cell. They produce enzymes and other protein compounds.
Protein is used for the growth and repair of a cell.
Lysosomes - These organelles break down parts of food, allowing them to be used for energy
transfer within a cell. Since they contain digestive enzymes, they destroy worn out parts of a cell and
bacteria.
Vacuoles - These are empty spaces within the cytoplasm and contain the waste materials formed by
the cytoplasm. They are used for storage and digestion purposes in different cells.
Golgi Apparatus - This is viewed as the communication network from deep within the cell to its
membrane; it combines polysaccharides (carbohydrates) with protein compounds and secretes
these in order to send them to other parts of the cell for use as energy.
Centrioles - These organelles play an important part in mitosis (cell reproduction), they are paired
rod-like organelles that lie at right angles to each other and are made of fine tubules.
Centrosomes - Dense area of cytoplasm containing centrioles.
Nucleus - As explained earlier, this is the very centre of the cell and viewed as the brain of the cell.
The nucleus controls every organelle within the cytoplasm and the processes of cell growth, repair
and reproduction. Contained within the nuclear membrane, its special protoplasm is called
nucleoplasm. It contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which carries the cell’s genetic code and
chromatin which is the material needed to form chromosomes. Chromosomes are made up of
connected strands of DNA molecules known as genes, so one gene is part of the length of a DNA
molecule. Chromosomes carry inherited information, so that when cells divide during mitosis, the
daughter cells are identical to the parent cells.
Chromatids - Two strands of chromatids held together by a centromere form a chromosome.
Centromere - This is the point where the chromatids join in the chromosome.
Nucleolus - This is a small body situated within the nucleus that programmes the formation of
ribosomes. This then moves into the cytoplasm of the cell and produces protein.
Cell Reproduction
Cells grow and reproduce through mitosis. It is vital for living things to reproduce themselves in
order to continue life. As the human body is made up of cells, these cells must reproduce for the
body to continue living; as old cells die, new cells must be reproduced constantly. This continues
throughout life and the process is faster in children but slows down in the later stages of life. The
process takes approximately two hours. If cells continue to divide and multiply, they can create
tumours and sometimes cancer. There are four
UNIT 9
Beauty therapy professionals serve in different capacities and in different organisations. Most
people associate beauty therapy professionals with salons, but they can also be in places where
people find leisure, relaxation, or overall enjoyment.
Some locations and facilities that beauty therapy professionals can work and provide services for
clients include:
Beaches
Beauty therapy professionals like message therapists can sometimes be hired to work on beaches
where clients have the opportunity to request and take advantage of the relaxation that massage
therapy can provide.
Elite Beauty Therapy Services
Beauty therapy professionals can provide services to elite clients like celebrities and royals. With
elite clients, the beauty therapy professional will likely need to travel with the client, or provide
services to the client in the privacy of their home. Often times, elite clients require contracts of
confidentiality from professionals that provide services to them.
Luxury Spas
Luxury spas are normally found in facilities like “five-star” hotels that boast the availability of
customised and personalised services to their guest.
Cruise Ship
Beauty therapy professionals may also be hired to provide services on cruise ships. Most cruise ships
try to have many different activities and amenities on the cruise to attract potential guests and
visitors.
Health Centres
Some health centres may have a beauty therapy professional to provide treatments that improve
the overall health of its clients. Since beauty therapy professionals may treat skin disorders, nail
disorders, hair disorders, or any other health issues that are related to appearance and beauty
therapy.
Surgery Clinics
Beauty therapy professionals may work in a surgery clinic to provide support in treatments
associated with cosmetic surgery. For example, a beauty therapy professional may treat the skin of a
client before and after cosmetic surgery that manipulates or changes the skin like a face lift.