Historic Heritage Assessment Figure 6‐2: View of HO283 at the corner of Costello Road and the Northern Highway. 6.1.2
House and Garden 770 Wandong Road (HO294) This place was inspected from its frontage along Wandong Road. The impact area encroaches into the property between 2 and 7 m from the property's front fence. The heaviest encroachment occurs in the northeast. The proposed historic place currently overlooks Wandong Road and the Kilmore Railway to the east. The existing Hume Freeway is located at the rear of the property (to the west). Power lines, services and road signage noted at the front of the property (Figure 6‐3). The front fence of the property consists of both a post and wire, and in places, simple picket fence. The picket fence is located immediately in front of the house. The fence is largely missing from the front of the property and is a non‐contributory element in its current state. A large willow (Salix sp.) was noted in the south front corner of the property. Overgrown roses are also located along the picket fence directly in front of the house. Due to its set‐back from the road, the house itself will not be impacted by the proposed works, however the works may affect the frontage and aesthetic of the house due to increased proximity to the road itself. Figure 6‐3: View of HO294 facing northwest along the front boundary of the place. VR10 Page | 16
Historic Heritage Assessment Figure 6‐4: Façade of HO294 with roses and picket fence 6.1.3
Beuhne Memorial Cairn and Avenue of Gums (HO 243) The memorial and trees on both sides of the Broadford‐Kilmore Road and the Northern Highway (Figure 6‐5) were inspected as part of the survey of the Beuhne Memorial. It is likely that the avenue was planted on both sides of the Kilmore‐Broadford Road (as traditionally avenues are planted on both sides of a road), however the majority of the trees to the west have probably been removed during the construction and/or upgrade of both Kilmore‐Broadford Road and the Northern Highway. The stone cairn is located on the western side of the Kilmore‐Broadford Road (Figure 6‐6). There are a small number of trees located to the north and south of the cairn, however only two are likely to be from the original avenue, as the remainder are younger and not in alignment. Figure 6‐5: View of HO243 facing south from Broadford‐Kilmore Road towards the Northern Highway and Kilmore. VR10 Page | 17
Historic Heritage Assessment Figure 6‐6: View of the Beuhne Memorial Cairn, facing west. Figure 6‐7: Remaining trees on the western side of Kilmore‐Broadford road, north and south of the Beuhne Memorial Cairn. 7
Discussion Historic heritage places are significant for educating communities. Buildings, areas, landscapes and other places of heritage value provide insights into the origins of the Kilmore and Wallan regions. Heritage places can also add character, appeal and interests to regions and thus are irreplaceable and valuable. Respect for heritage includes the retention and management of places that are important to Kilmore, Wallan and the surrounding communities. One of the objectives of planning in Victoria is to conserve and enhance buildings, landscapes or other heritage places which are of scientific, aesthetic, architectural or historical interest, or otherwise of specific cultural value. The Mitchell Shire Council has a significant role in protecting heritage places of value to the local community. VR10 Page | 18
Historic Heritage Assessment In order to adequately assess the potential impact of the proposed bypass options on historic heritage, the following values were considered: 
Impact on registered historic places; and, 
Impact on potential historic places (previously unassessed areas). A total of three heritage places (all listed on the Mitchell Shire C56 proposed planning scheme amendment) have been identified as being potentially impacted by the construction and operation of the proposed alignments. Based on the results of this assessment, the place extents of two of these historic places, "Carlsberg" and "House and Garden at 770 Wandong Road Wandong", are 'partially' within the proposed bypass alignments. The majority of "the Beuhne Memorial" is located within the proposed alignment boundary. Development immediately adjacent to these places may also impact the significance of the recorded places. Finally, VicRoads is aware that Heritage Victoria has received a nomination to include 'Monument Hill' onto the Victorian Heritage Register and the assessment and management requirements will be addressed in an additional heritage report. 7.1.1
Dry Creek Option Two places, the Carlsberg Farm Complex [HO283] and the Beuhne Memorial [HO243] are impacted by this option. Map 3‐1 details the extents of the impact of this option on these two historic places. The eastern extent of the Carlsberg Farm Complex [HO283] is impacted by this option. 'Carlsberg' consists of a farm complex (brick house, outbuildings, stables, coach house, underground tank, orchard and garden). In addition, the remains of the Rising Sun Hotel are on this property fronting the Northern Highway. This property was not surveyed as part of the initial historic survey undertaken as part of the cultural heritage assessment completed by ACHM (Vaskos, Donati et al, 2012). The inspection of the place as part of this assessment noted that the significant buildings are set back from the road. The impact on the heritage place is likely to be negligible. It is noted, however, that the remains of the Rising Sun Hotel may be located fronting the Northern Highway in this location. No footings or other evidence of the place was noted during the inspection, however the remains may still be present and therefore impacted by the option. In addition, the Beuhne Memorial [HO243] is partially impacted by this option. The Beuhne Memorial comprises of an avenue of Mahogany Gums and a bluestone cairn alongside the Kilmore‐Broadford Road. This area was surveyed as part of the cultural heritage assessment completed by ACHM (Vaskos, Donati et al, 2012). It is clear that the memorial cairn will be affected and the Avenue of Trees will be mostly impacted by the Dry Creek Option. VicRoads responded to the Mitchell Shire Council proposed C56 planning scheme amendment regarding the Beuhne Memorial (See Appendix 12.1) and requested that consideration be given to reducing the area of heritage overlay to include only the east side of the Broadford‐ Kilmore Road from the existing fence line to the edge of the road seal. VicRoads also noted that the trees on the west of the Broadford‐ Kilmore Road do not appear to be planted in a formal line and thus seem not to form part of the formal avenue. Clarification as to the extent of this historic place should be sought once the finalised C56 planning scheme amendment is adopted by the Mitchell Shire Council. 7.1.2
Quinns Road Option The Quinns Road Option impacts all three historic places (Carlsberg Farm Complex [HO283], the Beuhne Memorial [HO243] and House and Garden at 770 Wandong Road Wandong [HO294]). The eastern extent of the Carlsberg Farm Complex [HO283] is impacted by this option. 'Carlsberg' consists of a farm complex (brick house, outbuildings, stables, coach house, underground tank, orchard and garden). In addition, the remains of the Rising Sun Hotel are on this property fronting the Northern Highway. This property was not surveyed as part of the initial historic survey undertaken as part of the cultural heritage assessment completed by ACHM (Vaskos, Donati et al, 2012). The inspection of the place as part of this assessment noted that the significant buildings are set back from the road. The impact on the heritage place is likely to be negligible. It is noted, however, that the remains of the Rising Sun Hotel may be located fronting the Northern Highway in this location. No footings or other evidence of the place was noted during the inspection, however the remains may still be present and therefore impacted by the option. In addition, the Beuhne Memorial [HO243] is partially impacted by this option. The Beuhne Memorial comprises of an avenue of Mahogany Gums and a bluestone cairn alongside the Kilmore‐Broadford Road. This area was VR10 Page | 19
Historic Heritage Assessment surveyed as part of the cultural heritage assessment completed by ACHM (Vaskos, Donati et al, 2012). It is clear that the memorial cairn will be affected and the Avenue of Trees will be mostly impacted by the Quinns Road Option. VicRoads responded to the Mitchell Shire Council proposed C56 planning scheme amendment regarding the Beuhne Memorial (See Appendix 12.1) and requested that consideration be given to reducing the area of heritage overlay to include only the east side of the Broadford‐ Kilmore Road from the existing fence line to the edge of the road seal. VicRoads also noted that the trees on the west of the Broadford‐ Kilmore Road do not appear to be planted in a formal line and thus seem not to form part of the formal avenue. Clarification as to the extent of this historic place should be sought once the finalised C56 planning scheme amendment is adopted by the Mitchell Shire Council. The north‐eastern extent 770 Wandong Road Wandong [HO294] is impacted by this option. 770 Wandong Road Wandong comprises of a late Victorian Italianate red brick house and garden. This area was not surveyed as part of the cultural heritage assessment completed by ACHM (Vaskos, Donati et al, 2012). The inspection of the place as part of this assessment noted that the significant building (house) is set back from the road, and the road is already existing at its frontage. The impact of any road construction or improvement in this location is likely to be negligible. 7.1.3
Western Option The north‐eastern extent 770 Wandong Road Wandong [HO294] is impacted by this option. 770 Wandong Road Wandong comprises of a late Victorian Italianate red brick house and garden. This area was not surveyed as part of the cultural heritage assessment completed by ACHM (Vaskos, Donati et al, 2012). The inspection of the place as part of this assessment noted that the significant building (house) is set back from the road, and the road is already existing at its frontage. The impact of any road construction or improvement in this location is likely to be negligible. In addition, the Beuhne Memorial [HO243] is partially impacted by this option. The Beuhne Memorial comprises of an avenue of Mahogany Gums and a bluestone cairn alongside the Kilmore‐Broadford Road. This area was surveyed as part of the cultural heritage assessment completed by ACHM (Vaskos, Donati et al, 2012). It is clear that the memorial cairn will be affected and the Avenue of Trees will be mostly impacted by the Western Option. VicRoads responded to the Mitchell Shire Council proposed C56 planning scheme amendment regarding the Beuhne Memorial (Appendix 12.1) and requested that consideration be given to reducing the area of heritage overlay to include only the east side of the Broadford‐ Kilmore Road from the existing fence line to the edge of the road seal. VicRoads also noted that the trees on the west of the Broadford‐ Kilmore Road do not appear to be planted in a formal line and thus seem not to form part of the formal avenue. Clarification as to the extent of this historic place should be sought once the finalised C56 planning scheme amendment is adopted by the Mitchell Shire Council. 7.1.4
Areas not Surveyed as Part of this Historic Heritage Assessment Since the original historic heritage assessment (Vaskos, Donati et al, 2012) was undertaken, VicRoads have made alterations to the three shortlisted bypass options. As a result, areas within those alignments were not surveyed as part of the original survey. A total of 7.65 ha of the three shortlisted bypass options remains unsurveyed as a result of these alterations (Map 7‐1). An additional field survey must be conducted over these additional areas in order to determine whether historic places occur in these areas. However, this survey can be undertaken at the same time as the survey for Aboriginal cultural material as part of the Kilmore Wallan Bypass Cultural Heritage Management Plan. It is considered that there is a low likelihood that previously unrecorded historic places exist within the unsurveyed areas of the three shortlisted alignments. This is because the majority of registered historic places in the region are located within the urban areas of the major towns (i.e. outside the current investigation area), with only a limited number of agricultural, quarry or private sites located outside the major town centres. As the majority of the activity area has not been subject to development, it is considered that there is a low to moderate likelihood that previously unrecorded historical places or sites may have been preserved within the activity area. Given that the activity area consists of agricultural land, it is more likely that structures that facilitate this land use may be preserved. The following map details the unsurveyed areas. VR10 Page | 20
Historic Heritage Assessment Map 7‐1: Map detailing the unsurveyed areas. VR10 Page | 21
Historic Heritage Assessment 8
Objective Based Evaluation Matrix (OBEM) The following table details the seven tiered rating scale used for the following assessment of each of the three remaining shortlisted options. Figure 8‐1: Options Assessment Criteria. The following Draft Evaluation Objective has been taken directly from the Kilmore Wallan Bypass EES ‐ Final Scoping Requirements: Draft Evaluation Objective: To avoid or minimise impacts on historic heritage. 8.1
Application of the OBEM Matrix Three registered historic places are located within the three shortlisted bypass options. All three registered historic places are considered to be of local significance. Each of the three shortlisted options have varied impacts on the three historic places. Two proposed C56 historic places are located within the Dry Creek option, three proposed C56 historic places are located within the Quinns Road option and one proposed C56 historic place is located within the Western Option. The following table (Table 8‐1) applies the VicRoads assessment methodology to each of the three bypass options. VR10 Page | 22
Historic Heritage Assessment Table 8‐1: Table detailing the VicRoads assessment methodology to each of three bypass options. Option 8.1.1
No. of places within the VicRoads Rating Colour earthworks footprint Code Dry Creek Option 2
Negligible 0 Quinns Road Option 3
Negligible 0 Western Option 2
Negligible 0 Dry Creek Option Two historic places are located within the Dry Creek option, both of which are considered to be of local significance according to the Mitchell Shire Heritage Study (Mitchell Shire Council 2013). Both the Carlsberg Farm Complex [HO283] and the Beuhne Memorial [HO243]) are impacted by this option. The impact on the Carlsberg Farm Complex is negligible. The impact on the Beuhne Memorial is low to moderate. 8.1.2
Quinns Road Option Three historic places are located within the Quinns Road option, all of which are considered to be of local significance according to the Mitchell Shire Heritage Study‐ Amendment C56 Heritage Citations (Mitchell Shire Council 2013). The Quinns Road Option impacts all three historic places (Carlsberg Farm Complex [HO283], the Beuhne Memorial [HO243] and House and Garden at 770 Wandong Road Wandong [HO294]), however the impacts on the Carlsberg Farm Complex and the house and garden at 770 Wandong Road are negligible. The impact on the Beuhne Memorial is low to moderate. 8.1.3
Western Option Two historic places are located within the Western Option, both of which are considered to be of local significance according to the Mitchell Shire Heritage Study (Mitchell Shire Council 2013). The Western option impacts one of the three historic places (House and Garden at 770 Wandong Road Wandong [HO294]), however the impact on the significance of this place is negligible. The impact on the Beuhne Memorial is low to moderate. VR10 Page | 23
Historic Heritage Assessment 9
Management Recommendations The Heritage Act 1995 protects all historic heritage places older than 50 years. If a site is of State Significance it is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register and a Permit from Heritage Victoria is required to disturb it. If an archaeological site is not of State significance it is usually listed on the Heritage Inventory and Consent from Heritage Victoria would be required to disturb it. If a historical archaeological site is uncovered in the course of the activity, under s.127 of the Heritage Act 1995, it is an offence to knowingly damage, disturb or excavate without obtaining the appropriate consent from the Executive Director of the Heritage Victoria. Places listed on the Heritage Overlay (Mitchel Shire Council) are of local significance, and are afforded protection under the planning scheme. Places listed on the Heritage Overlay may require a permit from Council if they are to be impacted by the proposed alignment. 9.1
Historic Heritage Assessment A report detailing the results of the research, survey and management recommendations must be in accordance with Section 131 of the Heritage Act 1995 and submitted to Heritage Victoria and Mitchell Shire Council. As part of this report, brief Heritage Impact Statements (HIS) has been prepared for each of the affected historic places. The HIS describes the significance of each of the historic places and identifies the potential impact of the proposed development on their significance. This HIS may be provided to council to inform on the permit decision, once a preferred option is chosen. All management recommendations will be included within the permit, and are subject to negotiation with the council and the landowner of the property. The HIS for each place is included in the Appendices 12.3, 12.4 and 12.5. 9.2
Specific Management Recommendations 9.2.1
HO283 Mitchell Shire Council Heritage Overlay C56 Planning Scheme Amendment ‐ 'Carlsberg' Farm Complex at 15 Costellos Road Kilmore Confirmation of the exact nature of the impacts to the registered place will be required once amendment C56 is approved. The Mitchell Shire Council Stage Two Heritage Study (2006) recommended that the "Carlsberg" Farm Complex be placed on the Mitchell Shire Council Heritage Overlay. Amendment C56 to the Mitchell Shire Planning Scheme seeks to list the historic heritage place on the Mitchell Shire Council Heritage Overlay. This historic heritage place cannot be impacted without a permit from Mitchell Shire Council. Consultation with Mitchell Shire Council is required in regards to any proposed impacts to the site. The following recommendations assume that the place will be listed on the HO. These recommendations provide guidelines on how the place can be managed during the activity. The final recommendations will be negotiated with Mitchell Shire Council and the landowner and will form part of the required permit for the activity. It has been determined by the investigations that the impact on the place by the proposed Kilmore Bypass is likely to be negligible. The following recommendations are proposed: 1.
The fencing for the activity at HO283 fronting the Northern Highway. Should this area be acquired for the purposes of the Kilmore Bypass, the fencing should be replaced with a similar rural style fence (e.g. post and wire). This would provide least visual impact to the setting of the historic heritage place. 2.
Tree avoidance. Tree controls are proposed for the HO. It is unclear which trees will be covered by this. No contributory trees were located within the proposed impact area. It is considered unlikely that any significant trees will be impacted by the activity. 3.
Monitoring of initial ground disturbing works. Due to the potential impact to the remains of the Rising Sun Hotel, it is recommended that a qualified archaeologist be engaged to monitor the early ground disturbing works directly in front of HO283, between the existing Northern Highway and the boundary fence line (should any be proposed). 4.
No access outside the activity area. No access by machinery, vehicle, or person, should be made to the place during the activity outside the acquired land. VR10 Page | 24
Historic Heritage Assessment 9.2.2
HO294 Mitchell Shire Council Heritage Overlay C56 Planning Scheme Amendment ‐ House and Garden of 770 Wandong Road Wandong Confirmation of the exact nature of the impacts to the registered place will be required once C56 is approved. The Mitchell Shire Council Stage Two Heritage Study (2006) recommended that the House and Garden at 770 Wandong Road Wandong be placed on the Mitchell Shire Council Heritage Overlay. Amendment C56 to the Mitchell Shire Planning Scheme seeks to list the historic heritage place on the Mitchell Shire Council Heritage Overlay. This historic heritage place cannot be impacted without a permit from Mitchell Shire Council. Consultation with Mitchell Shire Council is required in regards to the future of this site. The following recommendations assume that the place will be listed on the HO. These recommendations provide guidelines on how the place can be managed during the activity. The final recommendations will be negotiated with council and the landowner and will form part of the required permit for the activity. It has been determined by the investigations that the impact on the place by the proposed Kilmore Bypass is likely to be negligible. The following recommendations are proposed: 1.
The fencing for the activity at HO294 fronting the Northern Highway. Should this area be acquired for the purposes of the Kilmore Bypass, the fencing should be replaced with a fence with least visual impact to the historic heritage place. 2.
Tree avoidance. While no tree controls are proposed for the HO, it is recommended that the Willow at the front of the historic heritage place is avoided by the activity. 3.
No access outside the activity area. No access by machinery, vehicle, or person, should be made to the place during the activity outside the acquired land. 9.2.3
HO243 Mitchell Shire Council Heritage Overlay C56 Planning Scheme Amendment ‐ Beuhne Monument cairn and Avenue of Southern Mahogany Gums (outside 47) Kilmore ‐Broadford Road Kilmore Confirmation of the exact nature of the impacts to the registered place will be required once C56 is approved. The Mitchell Shire Council Stage Two Heritage Study (2006) recommended that the ‘Beuhne Monument Cairn and Avenue of Southern Mahogany Gums’ be placed on the Mitchell Shire Council Heritage Overlay. Amendment C56 to the Mitchell Shire Planning Scheme seeks to list the historic heritage place on the Mitchell Shire Council Heritage Overlay. This historic heritage place cannot be impacted without a permit from Mitchell Shire Council. Consultation with Mitchell Shire Council is required in regards to any proposed impacts to the site. The following recommendations assume that the place will be listed on the HO. These recommendations provide guidelines on how the place can be managed during the activity. The final recommendations will be negotiated with council and the landowner and will form part of the required planning scheme amendment. It has been determined by the investigations that the impact on the place by the proposed Kilmore Bypass is likely to be moderate. The following recommendations are proposed: 1.
Relocation of the Cairn. If the western side of the HO is to be impacted, and the Cairn itself cannot be avoided by the activity, then the Cairn should be relocated to a place within, or at the southern end of, the eastern avenue of trees. If it cannot be relocated in one piece, the Cairn should be demolished and rebuilt by a qualified stonemason. Appropriate access/parking and landscaping should also be considered. The relocation of the cairn will improve the association between the Cairn and surviving components of the avenue. 2.
Removal of the trees on the western side of Broadford‐Kilmore Road. If the western side of the HO is to be impacted, and the trees cannot be avoided, then it is supported that the two remaining trees be removed. Due to the impacts in the past, the two older remaining trees do not form the corresponding side of the avenue and their removal will not significantly lower the aesthetic or cultural significance of the place. The younger trees appear to be self‐seeded and do not contribute to the significance of the place. 3.
Other mitigation measures may be required or considered by council. Formative pruning of the avenue to the east side would be beneficial to the long‐term viability of the avenue. In‐fill and understory planting may be an aesthetic improvement, however this does not have any positive or negative impact on the cultural significance of the place. VR10 Page | 25
Historic Heritage Assessment 10 Bibliography Australia ICOMOS (1999). Bowdler, S. (1984) Archaeological Significance as a Mutable Quality. In Sullivan, S., and Bowdler, S. (Eds.). Site Survey and Significance Assessment in Australian Archaeology. Pp. 1‐9. Department of Prehistory, RSPS, Australian National University. Canberra. Context Pty Ltd (2012). "Mitchell Shire Heritage Amendment Review of Heritage Precincts". A report for Mitchell Shire Council. Context Pty Ltd (2013). "Mitchell Shire Stage 2 Heritage Study Review". A report for Mitchell Shire Council. Huddle, L (2006). "Mitchell Shire Stage Two Heritage Study (Volume 1‐5). A report for Mitchell Shire Council and Heritage Victoria. Marquis‐Kyle, P., and Walker, M. (1992). "The Illustrated Burra Charter". Australia ICOMOS. Sydney. Mitchell Shire Council (2013). Mitchell Shire Heritage Study ‐ Amendment C56 Heritage Citations. A report to the Mitchell Shire Council. Vaskos, V, Donati, L and Schultz F (2012). "European Cultural Heritage Assessment. Kilmore ‐Wallan Bypass Historical Assessment. Heritage Victoria Report 4066." A report for VicRoads. VR10 Page | 26
Historic Heritage Assessment 11 Glossary Archaeological Context: The situation or circumstances in which a particular item or group of items is found. Archaeological site types: The archaeological site types encountered in Australia can be divided into three main groups: Historical archaeological site: An archaeological site formed since the European settlement containing physical evidence of past human activity (for example a structure, landscape or artefact scatter). Aboriginal contact site: A site with a historical context such as an Aboriginal mission station or provisioning point, or a site that shows evidence of Aboriginal use of non‐traditional Aboriginal materials and technologies (e.g. metal or ceramic artefacts). Aboriginal prehistoric archaeological site: A site that contains physical evidence of past Aboriginal activity, formed or used by Aboriginal people before European settlement. These sites may be: Artefact scatters Scarred Trees Isolated artefacts Mounds Rock shelters Rock art Burial Structures Hearths Shell middens Quarries Ethnographic Items Grinding Patches
Archaeology: The study of the past through the systematic recovery and analysis of material culture. Archaeology relies heavily upon science and cognate disciplines to provide interpretations of the past life ways of the peoples under investigation. Artefact: any movable object that has been utilised modified or manufactured by humans. Artefact scatter: A surface scatter of cultural material. Aboriginal artefact scatters are often defined as being the occurrence of five or more items of cultural material within an area of about 10m x 10m. Australian Height Datum: The datum used to determine elevations in Australia. The AHD is based on the mean coastal sea level being zero metres AHD. Bearing: An angle measured clockwise from a north line of 0° to a given surveyed line. Cadastral: From the Latin, a cadastre is a comprehensive register of the real property of a country, and commonly includes details of the ownership, the tenure, the precise location (some can include GPS coordinates), the dimensions (and area), the cultivations if rural and the value of individual parcels of land. VR10 Contours: Lines joining points of equal height on a topographic map. Contour lines that are relatively close together depict an area of steep terrain on the earth's surface; whereas lines depicted a distance apart represent flat areas on the earth’s surface. Crown land: Technically belonging to the reigning sovereign, is a class of public land, provided for the enjoyment and benefit of the people. Cultural significance: Cultural significance means aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for past, present or future generations (Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter Article 1.2). Cultural Materials: The products of human behaviour, such as stone artefacts or food debris. Datum: In surveying and geodesy, a datum is a reference point or surface against which position measurements are made, and an associated model of the shape of the earth for computing positions. Horizontal datum’s are used for describing a point on the earth's surface, in latitude and longitude or another coordinate system. Vertical datum’s are used to measure elevations or underwater depths. The previous datum used in Australia was known as the Australian Geodetic Datum (AGD). However, this was restricted because it was defined to best fit the shape of the earth in the Australian region only. The change in datum’s had a major consequence to all coordinates. Both latitudes/longitudes and eastings/northings were shifted by approximately 200 metres in a north‐easterly direction. Discard: The movement of an object from its systemic context to an archaeological context. Elevation: The height above mean sea level. Excavation: The systematic recovery of archaeological data through the exposure of buried sites and artefacts. Excavation is a destructive process, and hence it is accompanied by comprehensive recording of every aspect. Excavation Report: Once an excavation has finished, a report outlining the reasons, aims, methods used and findings from the excavation as well as some conclusions drawn from interpreting the artefacts. GDA94: Geocentric Datum of Australia. A spatial reference system which is universally implemented across Australia. The Geocentric Datum of Australia (GDA) is a coordinate reference system that best fits the shape of the earth as a whole. It has an origin that coincides with the centre of mass of the earth, hence the term 'geocentric' Geodesy: The science and mathematical calculations of the shape and size of the Earth. Page | 27
Historic Heritage Assessment Geographic coordinates: a geographic coordinate system enables every location on the earth to be specified, using mainly a spherical coordinate system. There are three coordinates: latitude, longitude and geodesic height. Geographic Information Systems: Is any system for capturing, storing, analysing, managing and presenting data and associated attributes which are spatially referenced to Earth. GIS is a system or tool or computer based methodology to collect, store, manipulate, retrieve and analyse spatially (georeferenced) data. Global Positioning System: GPS is a satellite based navigation system originally developed by the United State's Department of Defence. A GPS receiver calculates a position by measuring distances to four or more satellites of a possible 24. These orbit the Earth at all times. Grid: The division of an archaeological site into small squares that denote different areas of excavation, making it easier to measure and document the site. Grid coordinates: A point on a map given as an easting and northing reading. The values are given in metres. Heritage: The word 'heritage' is commonly used to refer to our cultural inheritance from the past that is the evidence of human activity from Aboriginal peoples through successive periods of later migration, up to the present day. Heritage can be used to cover natural environment as well, for example the Natural Heritage Charter. Cultural heritage can be defined as those things and places associated with human activity. The definition is very broad, and includes Indigenous and historic values, places and objects, and associated values, traditions, knowledge and cultures. Heritage Place: A place that has aesthetic, historic, scientific or social values for past, present or future generations – ‘this definition encompasses all cultural places with any potential present or future value as defined above’. Heritage place can be subdivided into Aboriginal place and historical place, for the purposes of this document. Historic place: A place that has some significance or noted association in history. Homogeneous: Uniform structure and property throughout the material. Hydrology: Is the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water throughout the Earth. VR10 ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites): ICOMOS is a nongovernment professional organisation closely linked to UNESCO, with national committees in some 100 countries with the headquarters in France. ICOMOS promotes expertise in the conservation of cultural heritage. It was formed in 1965, and has a responsibility to advise UNESCO in the assessment of sites proposed for the World Heritage List. Australia ICOMOS was formed in 1976. Its fifteen member executive committee is responsible for carrying out national programmes and participating in decisions of ICOMOS. Interpretation: The process of explaining the meaning or use of an artefact. Latitude: The angular distance along a meridian measured from the Equator, either north or south. Layer: The layer is the level in which archaeologists dig. All excavation sites have different numbers of layers. Archaeologists try to work out when they are moving to a new layer by cultural or man‐made clues like floors, but sometimes they will go by changes in soil colour or soil type. Longitude: The angular distance measured from a reference meridian, Greenwich, either east or west. Magnetic north: The direction from a point on the earth's surface to the north magnetic pole. The difference between magnetic north and true north is referred to as magnetic declination. Map scale: The relationship between a distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the earth's surface. Material culture: A term that refers to the physical objects created by a culture. This could include the buildings, tools and other artefacts created by the members of a society. Mercator projection: A conformal cylindrical projection tangential to the Equator. Rhumb lines on this projection are represented as straight lines. Meridian: A straight line connecting the North and South Poles and traversing points of equal longitude. MGA94: The Universal Transverse Mercator coordinates of eastings, northings, and zones generated from GDA94 are called Map Grid of Australia 1994 coordinates. Overlays: The Victorian Planning Provisions establish a number of different Overlays to show the type of use and development allowed in a municipality. Heritage Overlays will list places of defensible cultural heritage significance. Place: Place means a site, area, land, landscape, building or other works, group of buildings or other works, and may include components, contents, spaces and views. (Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter Article 1.1) Planning scheme: The legal instrument that sets out the provisions for land use, development, and protection in Victoria. Every municipality in Victoria has a planning scheme. Page | 28
Historic Heritage Assessment Pre‐contact: Before contact with non‐Aboriginal people. Post‐contact: After contact with non‐Aboriginal people. Provenance: The location of an artefact or feature both vertically and horizontally in the site. Archaeologists record the provenance of artefacts and features in their field books and on the artefact bag. Provenance is important because it gives archaeologists the history and context of an object, i.e., exactly where it was found on the site. Relic: Deposit, object or material evidence of human past. Reserves: The word 'reserve' derives from the land being reserved for a particular public use. Crown land retained in public ownership, but not reserved is termed unreserved Crown land. Significance: Significance is a term used to describe an item's heritage value. Values might include natural, Indigenous, aesthetic, historic, scientific or social importance. Site: An area designated for archaeological exploration by excavation and/or survey usually due to the presence of a concentration of cultural material. Stratification: Over time, debris and soil accumulate in layers (strata). Colour, texture, and contents may change with each layer. Archaeologists try to explain how each layer was added‐‐if it occurred naturally, deliberately (garbage), or from the collapse of structures‐and they record it in detailed drawings so others can follow. Stratigraphy refers to the interpretation of the layers in archaeological deposits. Usually, the artefacts found on top are the youngest (most recent), while those on the bottom are the oldest. Surface Site: A site where artefacts are found on the ground surface. Taphonomy: The study of the depositional and preservation processes which produce archaeological or paleontological material. Topographic map: A detailed representation of cultural, hydrographic relief and vegetation features. These are depicted on a map on a designated projection and at a designated scale. Transverse Mercator projection: A projection similar to the Mercator projection, but has the cylinder tangent at a particular meridian rather than at the equator. True north: The direction to the Earth's geographic North Pole. Visibility: The degree to which the surface of the ground can be seen. This may be influenced by natural processes such as wind erosion or the character of the native vegetation, and by land‐use practices, such as ploughing or grading. Visibility is generally expressed in terms of the percentage of the ground surface visible for a project area. VR10 Page | 29
Historic Heritage Assessment 12 Appendices 12.1 VicRoads response to the Mitchell Shire Council's C56 Planning Scheme Amendment VR10 Page | 30
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Historic Heritage Assessment 12.2 Additions/Revisions proposed by Amendment C56 to the Mitchell Planning Scheme Heritage Overlay ‐ Extract VR10 Page | 36
Historic Heritage Assessment VR10 Page | 37
Historic Heritage Assessment VR10 Page | 38
Historic Heritage Assessment 12.3 Heritage Impact Statement ‐ HO283 Carlsberg Farmhouse Complex 12.3.1 Current Use and Existing Condition Refer to the Heritage Citation Report for specific details on the item(s) included on the HO and their condition (Mitchell Shire Council 2013: 138 ‐142). 12.3.2 Cultural Heritage Significance The farmhouse and associated outbuildings (stable, dairy, coach‐house, underground tank, orchard and garden) is of local significance as it displays a cultural landscape reflective of the agricultural uses of the Victorian Period. It is associated with the earliest development of Kilmore (from c. 1850). 12.3.3 Impact of the Proposed Works The proposed works (including construction of a new highway, roundabout, curb improvement etc) is unlikely to have any impact on the aesthetic or cultural significance of the heritage place. There will be no direct impact on the heritage buildings, garden/orchard, or historic trees, as these are set back a significant distance from the proposed works. A small visual impact may be discerned, however this will be mitigated against by the replacement of the fence. The proposed works may impact the remains of the 'Rising Sun Hotel', however no remains were noted during the site inspection. 12.3.4 Why the Proposed Works should be permitted The proposed works will improve the road conditions significantly. The impact on the cultural heritage significance is considered to be negligible as the current setting of the place will be maintained. 12.3.5 Planning Scheme Requirements and Provisions A permit is required to complete road works in a heritage overlay (Schedule 43.01‐1). The proposal will not negatively or adversely impact the cultural significance of the place. The proposed works will not adversely affect the significance, character, or appearance of the place (Schedule 43.01‐4). 12.3.6 Proposed measures to mitigate the detrimental impacts If HO283 cannot be avoided, then it is recommended that the fencing be replaced like for like to reflect the rural setting of the place. This will maintain the rural character and farm appearance of the place. No contributory trees or trees of significant age were noted in the location of the proposed works. This will need to be confirmed with council. It is recommended that the early ground disturbing works on the property boundary fronting the Northern Highway be monitored by a qualified archaeologist to mitigate the risk in regards to the location of the remains of the 'Rising Sun Hotel' 12.4 Heritage Impact Statement ‐ HO243 Beuhne Monument Cairn and Avenue 12.4.1 Current Use and Existing Condition Refer to the Heritage Citation Report for specific details on the item(s) included on the HO and their condition (Mitchell Shire Council 2013: 155‐158). 12.4.2 Cultural Heritage Significance The Beuhne Monument Cairn and Avenue of Southern Mahogany Gums is of local significance as it is an aesthetic historical memorial to a founding and long‐serving member of the Victorian Apiarists' Association. The memorial cairn was erected in 1949. 12.4.3 Impact of the Proposed Works The proposed works (including construction of a new highway, roundabout, curb improvement etc) is likely to impact the two remaining (original) trees on the western side of the Kilmore‐Broadford Road. It will also impact the stone cairn and plaque. The prosed works will avoid the trees on the eastern side of the road, and will also give the opportunity to enhance the survivability and interpretation of the remaining trees. VR10 Page | 39
Historic Heritage Assessment 12.4.4 Why the Proposed Works should be permitted The proposed works will improve the road conditions significantly. The impact on the cultural heritage significance is considered to be low to moderate as the current significance of the place will be maintained. 12.4.5 Planning Scheme Requirements and Provisions A permit is required to complete road works in a heritage overlay (Schedule 43.01‐1). The removal of two of the trees is a minor detrimental impact to the place, however the overall significance of the place is not affected by their removal. The proposed works will not adversely affect the overall significance, character, or appearance of the place (Schedule 43.01‐4), as the avenue has been largely destroyed on the eastern side of the road prior to this application. 12.4.6 Proposed measures to mitigate the detrimental impacts If HO243 cannot be avoided, then it is recommended that the stone cairn be relocated to the eastern side of the Kilmore‐Broadford Road, where the majority of the trees planted in 1949 survive. The relocation of the cairn does not affect the significance or aesthetic of the place. Should the two older trees on the western side of the road be removed (the remainder not forming part of the avenue), their loss should be mitigated by the improvements to the western side of the road, including the cairn relocation and formative pruning of the surviving trees. 12.5 Heritage Impact Statement ‐ HO294 House and Garden 770 Wandong Road 12.5.1 Current Use and Existing Condition Refer to the Heritage Citation Report for specific details on the item(s) included on the HO and their condition (Mitchell Shire Council 2013: 520‐525). 12.5.2 Cultural Heritage Significance The house and garden is of local cultural, aesthetic, and scientific significance as it demonstrates the picturesque setting of early Wandong (c.1890). It is of an unusual design and material. 12.5.3 Impact of the Proposed Works The proposed works (including construction of a new highway, curb improvement etc) is unlikely to have any impact on the aesthetic or cultural significance of the heritage place. There will be no direct impact on the heritage buildings, garden, or historic trees, as these are set back a significant distance from the proposed works. A small visual impact may be discerned, however this will be mitigated against by the replacement of the fence. 12.5.4 Why the Proposed Works should be permitted The proposed works will improve the road conditions significantly. The impact on the cultural heritage significance is considered to be negligible as the current setting of the place will be maintained. There will be no harm to the scientific or cultural significance of the place. 12.5.5 Planning Scheme Requirements and Provisions A permit is required to complete road works in a heritage overlay (Schedule 43.01‐1). The proposal will not negatively or adversely impact the cultural or scientific significance of the place. The proposed works will not adversely affect the significance, character, or appearance of the place (Schedule 43.01‐
4). 12.5.6 Proposed measures to mitigate the detrimental impacts If HO294 cannot be avoided, then it is recommended that the fencing be replaced with a fence with least visual impact to the place. This will maintain the rural character and aesthetic of the place. No contributory trees or trees of significant age were noted in the location of the proposed works. No tree controls are proposed for the place. It is recommended, however, that the Willow at the southern boundary be avoided. Mitchell Shire Council (2013). Mitchell Shire Heritage Study Amendment C56 Heritage Citations. VR10 Page | 40