An American Profile:
The United States
and Its People
1
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An American Profile: The United States and Its People
Table 1
Census
3
Population, Percentage Change, and Racial Composition for the United States, 1790–2006
Population of
United States
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960†
1970
1980
1990
2000
2006
Increase over Preceding Census
3,929,214
5,308,483
7,239,881
9,638,453
12,866,020
17,069,453
23,191,876
31,443,321
39,818,449
50,189,209
62,979,766
76,212,168
92,228,496
106,021,537
123,202,624
132,164,569
151,325,798
179,323,175
203,302,031
226,542,199
248,718,302
281,424,603
301,505,316
Number
Percentage
1,379,269
1,931,398
2,398,572
3,227,567
4,203,433
6,122,423
8,251,445
8,375,128
10,370,760
12,790,557
13,232,402
16,016,328
13,793,041
17,181,087
8,961,945
19,161,229
27,997,377
23,978,856
23,240,168
22,176,103
32,706,301
20,080,713
35.1
36.4
33.1
33.5
32.7
35.9
35.6
26.6
26.0
25.5
21.0
21.0
15.0
16.2
7.3
14.5
18.5
13.4
11.4
9.8
13.1
6.7
Racial Composition, Percent Distribution*
White
80.7
81.1
81.0
81.6
81.9
83.2
84.3
85.6
86.2
86.5
87.5
87.9
88.9
89.7
89.8
89.8
89.5
88.6
87.6
85.9
83.9
81.0
80.1
Black
19.3
18.9
19.0
18.4
18.1
16.8
15.7
14.1
13.5
13.1
11.9
11.6
10.7
9.9
9.7
9.8
10.0
10.5
11.1
11.8
12.1
12.7
12.8
Latino
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.5
6.4
9.0
12.5
14.8
Asian
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.7
1.5
2.9
3.8
4.4
*Not every racial group included (e.g., no Native Americans). Persons of Latino origin may be of any race. Data for 1980, 1990, 2000,
and 2006 add up to more than 100% because those who identify themselves as “Latino” could still be counted as “White.”
†First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
(Sources: Census Bureau, Historical Statistics of the United States, updated by relevant Statistical Abstract of the United States.)
Figure 1 Population Density and Distribution, 1790–2000
% Urban*
% Rural
80
24.8
70
30.1
26.5
26.3
73.5
73.7
21.0
36.0
Population per square mile
60
54.3
64.9
50
40
94.9
93.9
92.8
92.8
91.2
89.2
84.7
80.2
75.1
48.8
43.8
43.5
60.3
71.8
30
69.9
51.2
20
56.5
79.0
64.0
45.7
35.1
10
0
56.2
75.2
5.1
6.1
7.2
7.2
8.8
10.8
15.3
19.8
24.9
39.7
28.2
1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960† 1970 1980 1990 2000
*The Bureau of the Census defines “urban” as communities of 2,500 or more inhabitants.
†First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
(Sources: Census Bureau, Historical Statistics of the United States, updated by relevant Statistical Abstract of the United States.)
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An American Profile: The United States and Its People
Figure 2 Changing Characteristics of the U.S. Population
Birthrates per thousand women ages 15 – 44
35
Globally, 2008
Rate
30
25
20
15
10
1900
1920
1960
1940
1980
China
13.7
France
12.7
India
22.2
Japan
7.9
Mexico
20.0
United Kingdom
10.7
2000 ’08
Median age of population (years)
40
Globally, 2008
Age
30
20
10
1820
1850
1900
1950
2000
China
33.6
France
39.2
India
25.1
Japan
43.8
Mexico
26.0
United Kingdom
39.9
’08
Average number of household members
Household size
6
Globally, 2008
5
China
3.5
4
France
2.4
3
India
5.3
2
Japan
2.6
Mexico
4.3
United Kingdom
2.3
1
0
1790
1850
1880
1910
1940
1970 ’90 2008
(Sources: B. R. Mitchell, International Historical Statistics, 4th ed. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2003; The Economist, Pocket World in Figures,
2008 ed. London: Profile Books Ltd., 2007; CIA World Factbook; Historical Statistics of the United States; and Statistical Abstract of the United
States, relevant years.)
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An American Profile: The United States and Its People
5
Life expectancy at birth
80
Globally, 2008
70
Age
60
50
40
30
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
China
73.2
France
80.9
India
69.3
Japan
82.1
Mexico
75.8
United Kingdom
75.9
2000 ’08
Infant mortality
Per 1,000 live births
150
Globally, 2008
120
90
Total
Black
60
White
30
0
1920 1930
1950
1970
China
21.2
France
3.4
India
32.3
Japan
2.8
Mexico
19
United Kingdom
4.9
1990 2000 2008
Median age at first marriage
30
28
26
Age
Male
24
22
20
1890
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Female
1910
1930
1950
1970
1990 2000
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An American Profile: The United States and Its People
Figure 3 Energy Use
Energy Sources Among Countries
France, 1960
Natural Gas
5.32%
Nuclear
0.19%
France, 2004
Oil
Coal
1.03% 5.04%
Oil
3.55%
Hydroelectric
10.53%
Natural gas
3.24%
Coal
36.47%
Hydroelectric
54.47%
Nuclear 79.05%
Japan, 1960
Japan, 2004
Oil 9.18%
Oil
17.06%
Natural gas
0.09%
Coal
32.21%
Coal
27.45%
Nuclear
26.37%
Hydroelectric
50.65%
Natural gas
22.79%
India, 2004
Hydroelectric
8.78%
Mexico, 2004
Oil 5.39%
Coal
10.66%
Nuclear 2.55%
Natural gas
9.48%
Hydroelectric
11.25%
Oil
31.06%
Hydroelectric
12.69%
Coal
69.05%
Natural gas
38.85%
Nuclear
4.1%
United Kingdom, 1960
United Kingdom, 2005
Oil 1.25%
Nuclear
1.6%
Hydroelectric
2.27%
Oil
15.04%
Coal 81.09%
Nuclear
20.35%
Natural gas
40.59%
Coal
34.06%
Hydroelectric
1.25%
(Source: The World Bank.)
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An American Profile: The United States and Its People
United States, 1960
7
United States, 2005
Oil 3.35%
Oil 6.42%
Nuclear 0.07%
Natural Gas
21.14%
Nuclear
19.61%
Coal
53.91%
Coal
50.4%
Natural gas
17.64%
Hydroelectric
18.44%
Hydroelectric
6.54%
Energy Consumption Among Countries
15,000
14,000
13,000
12,000
United States
11,000
kWh per capita
10,000
9,000
Japan
8,000
7,000
6,000
United Kingdom
5,000
4,000
3,000
France
Mexico
2,000
China
1,000
India
0
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
CO2 Emissions Among Countries
24
22
20
United States
Metric tons per capita
18
16
14
12
United Kingdom
10
8
France
6
Japan
Mexico
4
China
2
India
0
1960
1053641_EM_AmPro.indd 7
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2003
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An American Profile: The United States and Its People
Figure 4 Characteristics of the U.S. Labor Force, 1900–2007
Gender composition of labor force, 1900–2007
(percentage of men and women in civilian labor force)
Total labor force (age 16 or over, employed and
unemployed seeking work)
100
160
farm
75
120
Men
Percentage
Millions of persons
140
100
80
60
manual* white collar† service
Rank
1
2
3
1900
50
1920
1940
Women
25
40
1960
20
0
1870
Top three occupational categories
(rank based on total numbers) for
workers age 14 and older
1980
1900
1930
1960
1990 2007
0
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980 2000 ’07
2007
*Manual workers = operators, fabricators, and laborers plus precision production, craft, and repair.
†White-collar workers = managerial and professional plus technical, sales, and administrative support.
(Sources: Historical Statistics of the United States and Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years, and Department of Labor,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Handbook of Labor Statistics, relevant years.)
Figure 5 Leading Economic Sectors (various years)
Percentage of value
added contributed
1849
Construction
7.9
Construction
12.6
Manufacturing
32.1
Agriculture
59.3
Agriculture
33.3
1949
Communication 1.6
Agriculture
7.6
Manufacturing
49.3
Mining
4.6
Mining
1.4
Government
8.7
1899
Trade
18.7
Services
8.9
Manufacturing
28.0
Transportation 5.7
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate 10.8
Mining
3.2
Construction
4.4
2006
Agriculture 0.9
Mining 1.9
Government
Utilities 2.0
Services
11.7
Transportation 2.8
25.6
Communication 4.4
Construction
4.9
Manufacturing
12.2
Trade
12.6
Finance,
insurance, and
real estate
21.0
Sources: Historical Statistics of the United States, Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years, and Bureau of Economic Analysis.)
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An American Profile: The United States and Its People
Figure 6 Gross Domestic Product Per Capita by
Country, 2008
United
States
United
Kingdom
Figure 7 Comparative Tax Burdens (percentage
of gross domestic product paid as taxes in major
industrial countries, 2006)
$41,640
Sweden
50.1%
$36,830
Japan
$35,390
France
$35,150
Belgium
44.8%
France
44.5%
Italy
Mexico
42.7%
$7,180
Netherlands
China
India
$1,700
39.5%
United
Kingdom
$730
37.4%
Germany
(Source: The Economist, Pocket World in Figures, 2008 ed. London:
Profile Books Ltd., 2007.)
35.7%
United
States
28.2%
Japan
27.4%
(Sources: Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years, and
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.)
Figure 8 The Federal Budget Dollar and How It Is Spent, by Major Category
1960
Health
0.9¢
National
Defense
49¢
1980
Education
Interest
1.1¢
7.5¢
Income
Security*
19.8¢
Other
21.7¢
Health
10¢
2006
Education
5.4¢
Interest
8.5¢
Interest
11.2¢
National
Defense
23.1¢
Income
Security*
33.9¢
Other
16.4¢
Education
4.5¢
Other
8.8¢
National
Defense
19.7¢
Income
Security*
36.6¢
Health
21.9¢
*Includes Social Security payments to the elderly and disabled, unemployment compensation, and welfare. Note the shifting emphasis in the budget
from defense spending to health and income security, and to interest payments on the national debt.
(Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years.)
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An American Profile: The United States and Its People
Figure 9 The U.S. Balance of Trade, 1900–2006
Billions of dollars
2.60
4.89
1.42
1.40
0.78
2.95
0.19
0.55
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
100
–191.00
– 165.83
–248.22
–200
– 96.90
–300
–580.00
–400
–500
–600
–838.27
–700
–669.58
– 454.69
Status of the balance of trade
–100
– 111.04
– 25.50
0
–800
–900
(Sources: Historical Statistics of the United States and Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years.)
Figure 10 Tariff Levies on Dutiable Imports, 1821–2005 (ratio of duties to value of dutiable imports)
ey
inl
60
Percentage
Ta
ils
rif
o
f,
18
Di n - G
ng o
90
le rm
Pa y T an
yn ar Ta
e iff
r
Un - Ald , 18 iff,
ric 9 18
de
94
rw
h 7
Em oo Tar
iff
d
er
,
1
Fo ge Tar
rd nc iff, 909
19
19 ney y T
1
22 - M ari
cC ff, 3
Sm
um 19
oo
be 21
trT
Re Haw
ar
iff
cip
le
,
y
Ac ro
Ta
t, ca
19 l T riff,
Ge 3 ra
n 4 de 193
Ta era
0
Ag
rif l A
re
fs g
19
em
& ree
62
en
Tr m
Ke Tr
ad en
ts
e, t
nn ad
ed e E
19 on
y
xp
47
Tr
ad Rou an
e
nd sio
Re
,1 nA
Tr
No
ad form 96 ct
7
e
rt
19 &
Ac
Fr h A
84 T
ee m
ar t, 1
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9
Ag Tra eric
Ac 74
r d a
t,
19 eem e n
93 en
t,
70
50
W
18
80
cK
90
M
28
Co Tar
m iff
pr of
om A
ise bom
Ta
Ta ina
rif
rif
f
t
W of
f, ion
alk 1
18 s
er 84
33
Ta 2
rif
f,
Ta
18
rif
46
M f of
or 1
ril 85
lT 7
ar
iff
,1
86
1
100
40
30
20
10
0
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000 ’05
(Sources: Historical Statistics of the United States, Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years, and United States International Trade
Commission.)
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An American Profile: The United States and Its People
11
Figure 11 Gross Domestic Product in Current and Chained 2000 Dollars*
14,000
13,000
12,000
11,000
U.S. dollars (in billions)
10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
Chained 2000 dollars
3,000
Current dollars
2,000
1,000
0
1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
*Chained dollars based on U.S. Department of Commerce measure for expressing real dollars adjusted to inflation. Uses year 2000 as
base year.
(Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years.)
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