10_TS_2e_CH10(172-189).qxp
8/26/10
12:49 PM
Page 188
CHAPTER
10
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RACE AND ETHNICITY? 175
race is the division of people based on certain physical characteristics, but ethnicity
is the classification of people who share a common cultural, linguistic, or ancestral
heritage
WHAT CAUSES RACIST ATTITUDES, AND HOW DO THESE ATTITUDES AFFECT
PEOPLE? 185
color-blind racism, racial stereotypes, belief that segregation is a personal choice,
belief that racism is a thing of the past, which denies its impact on minorities; these
lead to a feeling of double consciousness for minorities
HOW DOES AFFIRMATIVE ACTION HELP MINORITY GROUPS IN THE
UNITED STATES? 187
by allowing employers and educators to use minority status as a deciding factor if
candidates are equal
get the topic: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RACE
AND ETHNICITY?
Racial Stratification in the United States 183
Symbolic Interactionism: Color-Blind Racism 185
Affirmative Action 187
Theory
Chapter 10
188
FUNCTIONALISM
186
• racism has both intended and unintended consequences
• slavery in the South functioned to build wealth and agriculture,
• 1838 relocation of Native Americans for the farmer’s own
personal gain
but it came at the expense of people being treated like animals
CONFLICT THEORY
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
186
• by changing what is acceptable in society, we change reality
• racial slurs that were acceptable 100 years ago are highly
186
• racism is a result of power conflicts among different groups
• the group with more power oppresses the weaker groups, a result
discouraged today
• acceptable terms leads to what is said and thought in society
of which can cause racism to occur
Key Terms
race
hate groups
175
ethnicity
conquest
175
pluralistic minorities
177
secessionist minorities
majority group
176
annexation
minority group
176
voluntary immigration
dominant group
colonialism
racism
176
176
176
genocide
177
178
involuntary immigration
ethnic cleansing
militant minorities
178
178
prejudice
178
179
180
180
discrimination
179
180
scapegoat
segregation
181
182
182
cycle of poverty
color-blind racism
183
184
double consciousness
181
stereotypes
migrant superordination 179
indigenous superordination
ethnic enclaves
institutional discrimination
179
assimilationist minorities
178
185
181
181
MY SEARCH LAB
1. Color-Blind Privilege: The Social and Political Functions of
Erasing the Color Line in Post Race America. Reprinted by permission of Charles A. Gallagher, Professor and Chair, Department
of Sociology, Social Work and Criminal Justice, La Salle University.
INTRODUCTION
In this selection, Charles Gallagher uses interviews and focus groups
with whites across the country to argue that many believe that race no
longer matters in the United States.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. Explain the ”color-blind” or race-neutral perspective. Do you
agree that America is becoming a color-blind nation?
2. According to the author, what are the effects of the color-blind
perspective?
2. Race-Specific Policies and the Truly Disadvantaged by William
Julius Wilson, reprinted from The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner
City, the Underclass, and Public Policy, 1987, pp. 109–124.
Copyright by The University of Chicago.
10_TS_2e_CH10(172-189).qxp
8/26/10
12:49 PM
Page 189
INTRODUCTION
In this excerpt, Wilson presents his argument that social class and economic factors are more damaging to the urban poor than racial inequality.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. Compare/contrast the three philosophies and political
approaches to equality: equality of individual opportunity,
equality of group opportunity, and equality of life chances.
Which do you believe is the best approach and why?
2. The author argues that race-specific policies do not benefit the
truly disadvantaged, while others have argued that the benefits
of race-specific policies will eventually ”trickle down” and help
those at the bottom. Which side do you believe and why?
3. Thoughts on Class, Race, and Prison by Alan Berkman and Tim
Blunk, reprinted from Cages of Steel: The Politics of Imprisonment in
the United States, edited by Ward Churchill, and J.J. Vanderwell,1992,
Maisonneuve Press. pp. 190–193. Reprinted by permission.
INTRODUCTION
In this article, Dr. Alan Berkman, founder of Health GAP (Global Access
Project), and Tim Blunk discuss what they have learned about poverty,
race, oppression, and the prison system.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. What did they learn from their prison experience?
2. The authors take a sympathetic view of prison riots. Why?
Do you agree or disagree with this stance?
THE THINKSPOT
How tolerant are you really? I suspect you think you are very tolerant
and extremely rational when it
comes to race and segregation.
www.thethinkspot.com
Let’s test your thoughts by sending
you to the ThinkSpot where you’ll
find a video called “The Logic of Life: Racial Segregation” in which
Tim Harford, the Undercover Economist, discusses the idea of racial
segregation using a carton of brown and white eggs. What he
the
THINK SPOT
uncovers might surprise you and make you question your own belief
system about race.
It is hard to believe that internment camps were once a fact of
American life, but it is true. As you saw in this chapter, during World
War II, more than 100,000 Japanese men, women, and children were
taken from their homes and forced to live at internment camps. Go to
the ThinkSpot and learn more about why this happened and other
details about this forced internment of American citizens.
Sample Test Questions
These multiple-choice questions are similar to those found in the test bank that accompanies this textbook.
a.
b.
c.
d.
1. What are Joseph Graves’ five pillars of racism?
2. Why does Wilson believe that class-based affirmative action should
White
Black
Latino
Asian
replace our current race-based system?
3. Why do some people have a sort of “double consciousness”?
2. Immigrants who learn their new home’s language and culture while
maintaining their own customs and beliefs are
a.
b.
c.
d.
assimilationist minorities.
secessionist minorities.
pluralistic minorities.
militant minorities.
Ethnocentrism
Ethnic segregation
Color-blind racism
Institutional discrimination
4. A dominant group
a.
b.
c.
d.
always
always
usually
usually
has
has
has
has
the
the
the
the
4. What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination?
5. What are some ways that the United States is trying to break the
cycle of poverty for minority groups?
WHERE TO START YOUR RESEARCH PAPER
3. What are the Jim Crow laws an example of?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ESSAY
most in number and in power.
least in number and in power.
most in number and in power.
least in number and in power.
5. Joseph Graves states that race is a social construct, not a biological
feature.
a. True
b. False
To learn about stopping hate on campus, go to
http://www.tolerance.org/campus/index.jsp
To find more information about race and ethnicity by government
standards, go to http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/inforeg/race.pdf
To take the “Know Your Biases” test, go to
http://www.tolerance.org/hidden_bias/index.html
To learn more about multiculturalism in the United States, go to
http://www.nmci.org/
To read more about what people are doing to stop genocide in the
world today, go to http://www.genocidewatch.org/
For more information about the ways the United States helps immigrants entering the country, go to
http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/
Find out ways people are trying to stop discrimination, go to
http://www.discrimination.com/
To see what people are doing to break the cycle of poverty, go to
http://www.brakethecycle.org/
To find more information on minority groups, go to
http://www.minorityrights.org/
To read about the World Conference against Racism, go to
http://www.un.org/WCAR/
Race and Ethnic Stratification
Bureau?
189
1. Which of the following is not a racial category for the U.S. Census
ANSWERS: 1. c; 2. c; 3. d; 4. c; 5. a