World History Unit 5 Study Guide Why were children hired? What kind of dangerous conditions did they work under? Child Labor Laws Passed: 1841 Mines Act ­ No child under the age of 10 to work underground in a coal mine. 1847 Ten Hour Act ­ No child to work more than 10 hours in a day. 1874 Factory Act ­ No child under the age of 10 to be employed in a factory Pyramid of Capitalist System ­ Who is at each level? Why does it give that description? What perspective is given with this cartoon? Whigs are trying to cut down “rotten boroughs” while Tories are trying to keep the “tree” up. Explain the context of this cartoon. German Unification ­ what year? Where was this event? Who are prominent people pictured? What were important results of German unification? Industrial Revolution 1. What were effects of the Agricultural Revolution? 2. When did the Industrial Revolution begin? Why Britain? 3. Define: labor, capital, monopolies. 4. What impact did the steam engine have? 5. How did machines affect work during the Industrial Revolution? 6. What were working conditions like in a factory? 7. How did industrialization impact the lives of people (good and bad)? 8. Define: laissez faire (Adam Smith). 9. What is the purpose of a Union? Strikes? 10. Who is Karl Marx? 11. What is the difference between socialism and communism? 12. Give two examples of how inventions/developments impacted life (examples: electricity, automobiles, smallpox vaccine, pasteurization, social sciences, etc). Reform/Revolution 13. Who were the Chartists (Britain)? What were some of their demands? 14. What were effects of the Irish potato famine? 15. Why wasn’t there a Communist Revolution in Britain? 16. What were common themes in the Revolutions around 1848? 17. Define nationalism. How can it be positive and negative? 18. Who was the heart, the brains, and the sword behind Italian unification? 19. Define Realpolitik. 20. How did German and Italian unification alter the balance of power? Why is this important? 21. What were steps to German unification? What role does Otto von Bismarck (OVB) play in all this? 22. What is the significance of “blood and iron?” 23. What was the importance of the Franco­Prussian War?