AP United States History
Unit Six Study Guide
Directions: In the space provided, identify each of the following with a detailed description
Significant Term, Person,
or Event
Text
Page
George Eastman
471
Isaac Singer
471
Alexander Graham Bell
471
Thomas Edison
471
Jan Matzeliger
471
laissez-faire
471
Thomas Nast
471
518
railroad industry changes
472
Business modernization
due to railroad growth
472-473
“limited liability”
companies
473
monopoly
474
the Grange
474
Description
APUSH Unit 6 Study Guide—Page 2
Andrew Carnegie
474-476
Bessemer Process
475
Vertical integration
475
Horizontal integration
475
“captains of industry” vs.
“robber barons
476
John D. Rockefeller &
Standard Oil
trusts (esp. influence in
government)
Munn v. Illinois, 1876
Wabash v. Illinois, 1886
Interstate Commerce Act
(& Commission)
476-477
476
476
476-477
536
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
477
Holding company
477
Advertising efforts
478
Department stores
478-479
Munn: Supreme Court held that states could regulate interstate commerce in
matters not addressed by the federal government
Wabash: Supreme Court reversed Munn by saying federal government has
EXCLUSIVE power to regulate interstate commerce
APUSH Unit 6 Study Guide—Page 3
Frank Woolworth
479
Montgomery Ward and
Sears & Roebuck
479-480
industrial labor changes
481-484
technological
improvements
481
486
Child labor
482
William Sylvis & National
Labor Union
482-483
Black-lists
483
WBA and Molly Maguires
483
Great Railroad Strike of
1877
484
Chinese Exclusion Act
484
Women and economic
“opportunities”
486
“The Gospel of Wealth”
487
J.P. Morgan & U.S. Steel
Corporation
487
APUSH Unit 6 Study Guide—Page 4
Horatio Alger & “Gospel
of Success”
488
Social Darwinism &
William G. Sumner
488-489
Fifth Avenue vs. Five
Points
489
Henry George & Progress
and Poverty
Edward Bellamy &
Looking Backward
489-490
490
Terence Powderly &
Knights of Labor (KOL)
490-494
Haymarket Square
bombing & riot
494-495
Samuel Gompers &
American Federation of
Labor (AFL)
495
543
Brooklyn Bridge’s
significance
498
“Gilded Age”
498
“push” & “pull” factors
for migration patterns
500-501
Ethnic neighborhoods
(enclaves)
501-502
Tenement houses
502-503
A Yale professor who helped to popularize Herbert Spencer’s “social Darwinism”
within the United States
APUSH Unit 6 Study Guide—Page 5
political machines & city
bosses (esp. Boss Tweed
in Tammany Hall)
504
immigration changes &
Ellis Island
505-506
Reform efforts from
urban governments
506-507
Jacob Riis & How the
Other Half Lives
507-508
Settlement houses (esp.
Jane Addams & Hull
House)
508
“city beautiful”
movement
508
510
Significance of
skyscrapers
511
Significance of early
suburban growth
511-512
“New Woman”
512-513
Ida B. Wells-Barnett
512-513
556
urban leisure &
entertainment
514-516
“mugwumps”
Gold standard v. “free
silver” (coinage of silver)
--518
519
525
Republicans, upset with financial scandals of 1884 presidential candidate Blaine, who
supported Democratic candidate Cleveland in becoming President.
APUSH Unit 6 Study Guide—Page 6
assassination of
President Garfield
519
civil service reform (esp.
Pendleton Act)
519
Farmer’s alliances
519
Populist Party
Homestead Strike
Panic of 1893
Jacob Coxey & Coxey’s
Army
519-522
522
522-523
523
Pullman Strike & Eugene
V. Debs
524-525
526
Election of 1896
525-527
William Jennings Bryan &
“Cross of Gold” speech
Charles Guiteau wrote a speech he believed was vital in helping Garfield win the
presidency and, thus, felt he should be given a diplomatic post to an embassy in Europe
He was told “no” by multiple members of the Cabinet. Believing that Garfield had turned
against him, he waited for Garfield’s scheduled arrival at a train depot and shot him.
525
527
President elected in 1896 known for lots of public appearances/speeches
William McKinley &
Marcus Hannah
---
Triangle Shirtwaist
Factory fire
530
Middle class angst
532-533
McKinley’s close friend & advisor (also a Senator from Ohio) whom many believe
had an enormous amount of secret influence over the President’s decisions
APUSH Unit 6 Study Guide—Page 7
Progressive movement
Josiah Strong and the
“social gospel”
“square deal”
532-534
534
---
Roosevelt & “trust
busting”
535-537
Ida Tarbell & History of
the Standard Oil
Company
535-536
Election of 1912: Taft,
Roosevelt, Wilson, &
Debs
538
“New Nationalism” vs.
“New Freedom”
538
Eugene V. Debs &
Socialism
538
Original primary source
of funding for federal
government
Previous
538
Sixteenth Amendment
539
Federal Reserve Act
539
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
539
Federal Trade
Commission
539
Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic agenda when he assumed the presidency following
McKinley’s assassination
3-C’s: conserve natural resources, control corporations, consumer protection
APUSH Unit 6 Study Guide—Page 8
John Muir
539-540
Roosevelt &
Environmental Protection
539-540
Henry Ford, Model T, &
industrial efficiency
541-543
Industrial Workers of the
World (IWW), aka
“Wobblies”
543
Mother Jones (Mary) &
United Mine Workers
(UMW)
543
544
Muller v. Oregon (esp.
mixed reaction from
women’s groups)
546
Louis Brandeis
546
Woman’s Christian
Temperance Union and
Carrie Nation
“blue laws”
Child labor laws
Impact of “compulsory
school attendance” on
child labor
Frank Norris & The
Octopus
The Jungle & Pure Food
and Drug Act
Brandeis’s legal brief: court document which made greater use of scientific
information and social evidence to prove a legal perspective than by using legal
citations (laws & previous court cases)
546-547
---
laws restricting certain business practices for moral or religious
reasons; it can be either a total ban or a ban limited to certain
days/hours (i.e. alcohol, prostitution, selling on Sunday)
548-551
549
---
552
1901 novel sympathy to wheat farmers in California who felt that railroad companies
ultimately controlled their ability to earn money and actually sought to control their
efforts in selling/transporting wheat
APUSH Unit 6 Study Guide—Page 9
Direct primary elections
553
Initiative, referendum, &
recall
553
Robert La Follette
553
muckrakers
553
Seventeenth Amendment
553
Plessy v. Ferguson
555
Jim Crow Laws
555
Booker T. Washington
555-556
Tuskegee Institute
556
W.E.B. Du Bois
556
National Association for
the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP)
556
D.W. Giffith & The Birth
of a Nation
---
vocational & technological arts school designed by Booker T.
Washington to provide blacks with job skills; blacks would gain a
job & then work hard to prove their “equality” to whites
1st motion picture to be shown in White House (under President Wilson)
Depicting two Reconstruction era families in the South, it stereotyped black men
(played by whites in black make-up) as unintelligent & sexual aggressive toward
white women
Helped bring a resurgence to the KKK in late 19-teens and 1920s
Questions to consider: While it is not required to answer these questions, being familiar with these
topics would be highly beneficial to you.
APUSH Unit 6 Study Guide—Page 10
1. What innovations in technology and business practices helped launch the vast increases in
the size and scale of industrial production?
2. What impact did the changing nature of work and the growth of national corporations have
upon immigrants, the American worker and labor organizations?
3. To what extent would federal policy impact the corporate world?
4. What conflicting social ideologies were present in the Industrial Revolution era?
5. What economic, social, and political factors shaped the ways in which cities changed in the
late nineteenth century?
6. What were the issues of discontent in national politics and agrarian culture and how was this
discontent addressed?
7. To what extent were issues of concern to African Americans addressed by the federal
government and political reform organizations?
8. What economic and social realities associated with the new urban-industrial order prompted
reform and how was such reform addressed at the local, state, and national levels? To what
extent were women involved with reform movements and what success did they obtain?