КСР
Идеальная школа 21 века
Imagining Your Ideal School: Set Your Priorities
A quick exercise will help you identify the qualities that are most important to you and your child when
choosing a school.
Figuring out exactly what you want in a school is not a simple task. When you imagine the ideal school for
your child, you may picture colorful classrooms, dynamic teachers and a variety of extracurricular
programs. But you need to weigh your child's needs, your family's values and practical constraints, as well.
If you have more than one child, you may want them to attend the same school even if they seem suited for
different environments. How do you figure out which qualities are most important when choosing a school?
Step-by-Step Guide
Get a printable worksheet for this exercise here.
Use this guide to consider all these important elements side by side. You might even invite your child to join
you in this brainstorming process, especially if he has already attended school and has some ideas about
what's important to him.
Step 1: Brainstorm.
On a sheet of paper, draw three columns down the length of the page. Title each of the three columns as
follows: Practical, Philosophical, Extracurricular. Using the guidelines below for each column, list the
characteristics and qualities you're looking for in a school. Then continue on to steps two and three.
Practical Elements
Consider:
How far can my child travel to school?
Do I need transportation provided, or can I get my child to school another way?
Do I need before- or after-school care for my child?
Does my child have any physical, emotional, linguistic or learning needs that require special attention?
For high school, does my child want preparation for a skilled trade?
Is college preparation a priority?
Are modern school facilities important to me?
What about technology?
Philosophical Elements
Consider:
Would my child be better suited to a small school environment, or would a large school be better for him?
Do I want a school with several grade levels, such as K-12, where my child can remain for several years?
How important is student diversity?
Do I want a traditional, back-to-basics program or an alternative approach to learning?
Extracurricular Elements
Consider:
How important are music and art programs?
Are sports important? Which ones?
Do I want a school where parents are expected to be very involved with activities and decisions?
How does the school communicate with parents?
Are foreign language classes important?
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КСР для студентов 4 курса (английский язык как второй иностранный); отв. по курсу – Жукова Ю.А.
КСР
Проблемы семьи
Family problems represent a unique, but common, category of adjustment difficulty that causes people to
seek psychological treatment. Problems can develop in a couple relationship because of a medical or
psychological problem in either person, or in one of their children. Parent-child problems can also create
distress within a family. Poor communication and discipline problems are very common. Sometimes there
are constant battles between siblings, and the parents cannot seem to resolve the conflicts. Divorce, and the
creation of stepfamilies, can create difficulties in a family, sometimes for all members of the family.
Sometimes the couple relationship itself is the problem, with poor communication, constant conflict, lack of
closeness, sexual problems, or in-law problems all to be considered possible concerns.
How Can I Improve My Relationships?
People who know themselves intimately well can meet and embrace potential partners much more easily
than those with an unclear vision of themselves.
If you conceal your feelings from the people you speak to everyday, it is likely that you are out of touch
with yourself. Hiding your insecurities from others is almost always a sign that you are hiding those same
issues from yourself.
Does True Love Really Exist?
The question of whether true love really exists cannot be answered without first clarifying what true love
really is. However, the concept of “true love” has already absorbed so many qualities from literature,
television, and magazines that it can no longer be approached with any objectivity. Trying to consider true
love freshly at this point would be like trying to taste a wine while you are eating a hot dog.
The image that comes to mind when someone mentions true love is of two inspired individuals, fatefully
drawn to each other and ready to risk their lives for the other person’s sake - in essence, Romeo and Juliet.
Despite the prevalence of this perception, I have never actually witnessed such a perfect relationship in real
life. The closest thing I can think of is something I term “pure love”: love that contains the boundless
excitement that only a child can experience.
Dealing with Family Problems
Dealing with family turmoil can be one of the most stressful issues facing a college student. Maybe you
grew up in a family with considerable turmoil or dysfunction. Maybe family problems erupted once you left
for school. In either case, trying to deal with these problems can be very disruptive to college life; but
learning to face these issues in a productive way will help you become emotionally stronger and have a
better college experience.
I have family problems - Are there steps for recovery?
Every family has family problems but, there are certain measures you can take for recovery. Whenever you
have a group of people who spend hours with each other there are going to be problems. Personalities clash
and power struggles ensue as parents and children learn how to cope with each other.
The trick to the whole family structure is learning how to identify problems and then deal with those
problems before they get out of hand. Take a moment to think about your family. What you will see is a
tapestry made of people of different ages, different personalities, different likes and dislikes. This is your
family.
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КСР для студентов 4 курса (английский язык как второй иностранный); отв. по курсу – Жукова Ю.А.
КСР Проблема национальных стереотипов
Objectives:
develop cross-cultural awareness and understanding
practice language skills
practice collaborative skills
show students how stereotypes are formed and what they can lead to if not acknowledged and rebutted.
learn how to challenge bias, unfairness and stereotypical views.
A- Warm -up (Pre-teaching vocabulary)
1. Group the following adjectives under categories (taste, attitude, feelings, organization, etc) and indicate
which are positive or negative traits. Ask them to check the meaning or translation in the dictionary if they
are not sure (teachers may substitute these adjectives for easier synonyms according to students' level of
English)
appetizing, aloof, mean, polite, honest, solid, ardent, bland, pleasant, organized, friendly, tedious, sloppy,
methodical, chaotic, systematic, tidy, unpleasant, nasty, passionate, tender, uninterested, cruel, organized,
cold, negligent, horrifying, untidy, refined, insipid, flavourless, tasty, reliable, careless, unstable, romantic,
uninteresting, sophisticated, dull ,disciplined, unresponsive, messy,
B - Introduce concept/practice vocabulary in situation
Fill in the following handout completing the sentences with the adjectives listed above.
" Heaven is where the police are British, the cooks are French, the mechanics are German, the lovers are
Italian and it is all organised by the Swiss. Hell is where the police are German, the cooks are English, the
mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss, and it is all organised by the Italians ".
С - Develop ideas/discuss
One or two students should take notes of the ideas that come up so as to be able to report them back at the
end of the class.
1) Working with two or three people, compare your answers and see if you have come to the same
conclusion. Share with the class.
2 )Choose two or three other nationalities that are participating in the twinning and brainstorm common
stereotypes that you have heard people use about them.
2) Working on your own, write down five or six stereotypes for your own nationality.
3) Was it easy to complete the sentences? Did your answers come naturally? Why? Why not?
4) Did the completed statements make you feel uncomfortable? Why? Why not?
5) In general, were your responses positive or negative?
6) List the stereotypes under positive, negative or neutral. What does this tell us about stereotypes?
7) Fill in the following questionnaire on your own and later discuss it with your teacher and colleagues. You
may use :
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КСР для студентов 4 курса (английский язык как второй иностранный); отв. по курсу – Жукова Ю.А.
КСР Искусственные языки
Artificial Languages
by Robert Isenberg
taH pagh taHbe'. DaH mu'tlheghvam vIqelnIS.
quv'a', yabDaq San vaQ cha, pu' je SIQDI'?
pagh, Seng bIQ'a'Hey SuvmeH nuHmey SuqDI',
'ej, Suvmo', rInmoHDI'?
[To be or not to be, that is the question.
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea or troubles,
And by opposing, end them?]
-William Shakespeare, Hamlet
Translated into Klingon by Nick Nicholas and Andrew Strader
Introduction: The Artificial Language in Context
I: Definition of the Artificial Language
A simple definition of an artificial language is any language whose lexicon and grammar were
developed from an individual source for the sake of itself. Individual source refers to either one creator or a
select body of creators. Unlike an authentic language, the brunt of it emerges with relative suddenness. A
great deal of time might transpire over the course of its development, but when it is released to others the
language must be communicatively functional - i.e. the system can be used to convey many ideas.
II: Identifying the Artificial Language
Three factors determine the authenticity of an artificial language: purpose, originality, and size.
The purpose of the language is the clearest marker. By this definition, Esperanto would not be
considered a true artificial language.
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КСР для студентов 4 курса (английский язык как второй иностранный); отв. по курсу – Жукова Ю.А.
КСР Проблемы молодых учителей
Young teachers struggle with debt
The Problem:
We have a young teacher who tries to be "one of the guys." He doesn't always give a lot of thought to some
of the things he says and does. One example: One day during his planning period he walked into another
teacher's classroom full of students and said, "I am so fed up with that group of students that gets bused
here. They never try in my class." He went on to talk about how he had tried everything to help, but "they
just don't care" and "why should I bother with them…"
The classroom was full of seventh graders who heard every word of the young teacher's frustration
concerning a group of minority kids who happen to be bused to our school. Word of the teacher's
unfortunate remarks soon spread among students, teachers, and parents. Parents -- especially parents of the
students about whom he spoke -- were rightfully upset by the insensitive statements. The remarks were soon
brought to my attention by a couple of concerned parents.
The Solution:
In the case of the remarks above, the first thing I did was to verify that the incident went down the way I
heard it. I wanted to confirm what was said, where were the remarks were made, who was present, in what
context the comments were made… In order to do that, I talked with and took a statement from the teacher
in whose class the comments were made. I got statements from the parents who lodged complaints.
Clearly, the teacher's comments were totally out of line. But what to do? Would a simple discussion of the
situation suffice? I had to consider the teacher involved. I am aware that this young teacher likes his
students to consider him "one of the guys." I know of other times when he did not use the best judgment or
choose the best words when talking with students. I also know he is a good teacher. I didn't want to lose
him, but his immaturity had caused a rift between himself and some students, parents, and other staff
members. I felt I needed to seize an opportunity to make a larger point.
When I felt I had a grasp of the situation, I called in the teacher to get his response to the incident. He
admitted that I had the story straight; in true frustration, he had made those remarks in that class. I let him
know, in no uncertain terms, how I felt about his comments. I told him that I had shared the file about the
incident with our area superintendent. Since no previous complaints about racial matters had been made
about the teacher, the superintendent and I agreed that he should be placed on probation. We put in place a
"success plan" so that we could monitor his behavior -- his ability to keep his emotions in check -- in the
months ahead. We also required that he attend a session with a sensitivity counselor. I also spoke about his
role and responsibilities as a teacher, and about my concerns with his "one of the guys" approach.
The Reflection:
I suppose I could have brushed this incident under the rug. I could have simply talked with the teacher about
it and let it go at that, but I felt the approach we took was more appropriate and would be, in the longer term,
more effective.
So far, so good. This incident happened 6 months ago, and there have been no events since then. Taking an
assertive -- some might even say aggressive -- approach here seems to have had just the effect we hoped.
Even though we cannot tell students, parents, and teachers of the outcome of personnel matters, they know
that there was an investigation and that an action was taken. Most everyone seemed satisfied to know that
we took the concerns seriously and had taken some decisive action.
As a principal, this incident was a reminder that I need to work closely with my inexperienced teachers. I
need to stress to them the need to keep their emotions in check and that "being one of the guys" is not the
best way to gain students' attention and respect. I need to let them know that our district support staff and I
are available to support them as they search for approaches that will help them control their students and
their emotions.
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КСР для студентов 4 курса (английский язык как второй иностранный); отв. по курсу – Жукова Ю.А.
КСР Приоритеты мужчин и женщин
Priorities
The differences between the genders surface in many daily areas of life. It's quite common that couples will
experience conflicts regarding issues such as parenting and the use of discipline, spending money, the use of
their time, and household roles and duties. Also, men and women often feel quite differently about how to
solve problems, what their priorities should be, and what interests them. If you are in a relationship, many of
the differences between the genders in opinion and approach have probably surfaced from time to time. In
this weeks column we'll begin to look at some of the areas that create most of the friction because of a lack
of understanding or acceptance.
One basic difference between most men and women are their priorities, which affects the choices they make
and lifestyles they lead. For example, many men find it more important to work than to spend time with
their children. While some men are getting better at achieving balance, historically this imbalance has
occurred frequently and created many problems. This is especially true when the top priority of a woman is
to be with her man, yet his priority does not necessarily include being with her.
As mentioned, women have historically been more motivated by intimacy, love, and family. Many women
place their relationship and their children as their unquestionable, number one priority. Even though men
tend to appreciate these same things, often they are more motivated by accomplishment, careers, activities,
hobbies, and relaxation.
The man who is always out fishing or the man who works 60-80 hours a week is living proof of a slightly
different philosophy and set of priorities in action. Many of the men who spend great amounts of time at
work say their priority is their family and they are working to provide for them. The difference being in their
definition of what having a priority of family means compared to their wife's, whose includes more time and
active participation with family members.
Couples may find other differences of priorities. Some may revolve around areas such as making, saving,
and spending money, or the amount of time to one's self or together as a couple or family. Instead of listing
every possible difference of priorities between men and women, let's just leave it that what's truly important
is not how we can get our partner to change but how we can live together harmoniously despite our different
perspectives.
Speaking points
1. What should people take into consideration before getting married?
2. What is your attitude to mixed marriages?
3. Do you believe in love at first sight?
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КСР для студентов 4 курса (английский язык как второй иностранный); отв. по курсу – Жукова Ю.А.
КСР Женщина 21 века. Работающие матери.
Time for a promotion? A career change? Returning to work? Our seven-step blueprint will tell you
everything you need to know to land a job you'll really love. (Hint: splurging on a piece of power clothing is
a must.)
Answer the questions:
1. What is Jill’s family background?
2. Did Jill’s parents dream of a business career for their daughter?
3. Why does Jill say that she couldn’t have achieved what she has without her father?
4. Does she take after her mother or after her father in character?
5. What sort of relationship has she had with her father?
6. Has she always had the same sort of relationship with her mother?
7. Why didn’t Jill’s father want her to go into family business?
8. Was Jill happy as a schoolteacher?
9. What was the company like when Jill joined first?
10. In what way does she want to run the business?
Find the words and expression in the text that mean:
1) to increase in size
2) to be closely connected in activities with others
3) to force smb. to do smth.
4) .to have a strong, loving, or sad desire
5) complicated, difficult to explain and understand
6) to encourage smb. to develop
7) to talk with another person or group in order to try to come to an agreement or settle an argument
8) to force a way into smth.
9) someone well suited to a job or certain to succeed
10) a special skill or ability, usually a result of practice
11) a person employed to discover and remove causes for trouble in organizations
12) to regard with disapproval
Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the text.
1) Быть директором фирменной студии звукозаписи –это невероятно тяжелая и напряженная
работа.
2) Без полной поддержки и глубокой преданности своего отца, Джил не достигла бы того
положения, которое она имеет сейчас.
3) Когда оказалось, что Джил- просто находка для бизнеса, отец передал ей акции компании и
назначил ее директором.
4) Джил обладает удивительной способностью привлекать людей на свою сторону.
5) Джил нашла свое призвание в жизни.
Discuss the following questions:
1) What exactly in her family background encouraged Jill to become so successful in her career?
2) What personal qualities does she possess that enable her to do well in running the studio?
3) Is Jill happy managing to balance both her family life and career? Would you be excited to have this sort
of life?
4) Should parents praise and spoil their children telling them that they are the best, the most intelligent, the
most beautiful etc. and thus give them confidence or should they give them the notion that they could do
better?
5) Share your opinion about stereotyped ideas that women cannot combine happy marriage and successful
career.
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КСР для студентов 4 курса (английский язык как второй иностранный); отв. по курсу – Жукова Ю.А.
КСР Альтернативная медицина
The National Institute of medical Herbalists was established in 1864 and is the oldest body of practising
medical herbalists in the world. All members have undergone a rigorous four-year training and adhere to
a strict professional code of ethics. They have the letter MNIMH, or FNIMH after their names.
What is Herbal Medicine?
Herbal Medicine is the use of plant remedies in the treatment of disease. It is the oldest form of medicine
known. Our ancestors, by trial and error, found the most effective local plants to heal their illnesses.
Now, with the advancement of science enabling us to identify the chemical constituents within these
plants, we can better understand their healing powers.
How do herbs work?
People have always relied on plants for food to nourish and sustain the body. Herbal medicine can be
seen in the same way. Plants with a particular affinity for certain organs or systems of the body are used to
'feed' and restore to health those parts which have become weakened. As the body is strengthened so is its
power and ability to fight off disease and when balance and harmony are restored, health will be regained.
What can Herbal Medicine Treat?
Herbal medicine can treat almost any condition that patients might take to their doctor. Common
complaints seen by herbalists include skin problems, digestive disorders. Problems involving the heart and
circulation like angina, high blood pressure, varicose veins etc. can also be treated successfully as can
gynaecological disorders, also conditions such as arthritis, insomnia, stress, migraine and headaches,
tonsillitis, influenza and allergic responses like hay fever and asthma. Qualified herbalists know when a
condition is best seen by a doctor or another therapist.
Answer the questions.
1.What is herbal medicine?
2. What is meant by Holistic approach to illness?
3. How long does a visit to the Herbalist usually last?
4. What else apart from herbal medicine may treatment include?
5. How do herbs work?
6. What are the differences between pharmaceutical and herbal drugs?
Say if the following statements are true or false. Give extensive answers:
1. Medical herbalists are trained in different diagnostic skills than orthodox doctors.
2. Herbal medicine is the oldest form of medicine known.
3. Very few of the pharmaceutical drugs used today are based on plant constituents.
4. Herbal medicine can treat only a few common conditions.
5. Herbal drugs are extracts from a part of the whole plant and contain thousands of plant constituents.
Change the words in capital letters to fit the content of the sentence:
1) A … reaction occurs if you put zinc into sulphuric acid.( CHEMISTRY)
2) The … made up my prescription immediately. (CHEMISTRY)
3) Our local bus and rail services … each other very well.(COMPLEMENTARY)
4) She treated him with … affection and contempt.(ALTERNATIVE)
5) The only …… to being taken prisoner was to die fighting.(ALTERNATIVE)
6) …. you could go later with Mary.(ALTERNATIVE)
7) The … of a prehistoric village shows what it must have looked like.(RESTORE)
8) He is a picture …..(RESTORE)
9) People whose hair is falling out are recommended hair (RESTORE)
10) The treatment of illness of the mind or body without drugs or operations is called……(THERAPEUTIC)
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КСР для студентов 4 курса (английский язык как второй иностранный); отв. по курсу – Жукова Ю.А.
КСР Городская жизнь и её соблазны
CITY LIFE
AT DOVER
(Nigel Balchin)
Answer the questions
1) What is the usual way of travelling from Florence to England?
2) What was the author's way of travelling home from Florence?
3) Who else happened to take the same carriage on that particular occasion?
4) What made him take notice of the other passenger?
5) What did Miss Bradley look like?
6) How did it happen that the author found himself opposite Miss Bradley in the dining car?
7) What language did Miss Bradley use when ordering her food?
8) Why did this seem unusual to the author?
9) What impression did one get of Miss Bradley?
10) When did the author see her again?
11) Why did he really speak to Miss Bradley this time?
12) Why did the author believe it to be his fault that they really began to know each other when they reached
Calais Port?
13) How did the author and Miss Bradley happen to find themselves side by side on the boat?
14) What did Miss Bradley tell the author about herself during the trip?
15) Why did the author decide to take the Golden Arrow to London?
16) Why were the passengers for the Golden Arrow dealt with by the Customs first?
17) What made the author disown Miss Bradley's luggage?
18) What had delayed the porter with the author's luggage?
19) What had Miss Bradley been trying to smuggle into the country?
20) What made the author fairly sure that he had been deliberately chosen by Miss Bradley as the person to
see her through the Customs?
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КСР для студентов 4 курса (английский язык как второй иностранный); отв. по курсу – Жукова Ю.А.
КСР Медицина: проблемы, перспективы
1.
Give English equivalents of:
1) болезнь, недомогание (4)
2) острая боль (2)
3) боль (2)
4) врач, доктор (4)
5) аптека (2)
6) ухудшаться (2)
7) заболеть (4)
8) заразиться болезнью (2)
9) смертельная болезнь (3)
10) период выздоровления (2)
11) вылечить (2)
12) лекарство, средство от чего-л. (4)
2.
Give the opposite of the indicated words:
13) painful
14) curable
15) treatable
16) an in-patient
17) to be well
18) healthy
19) a terrible pain
20) a breathless body
21) a slight cold
22) a serious illness
23) a mild pain
3. Paraphrase the following:
24) prevention and cure of disease (n)
25) bring back to health (v)
26) the state of being ill, lack of health (n)
27) disease, illness (also social, spiritual) (n)
28) air taken into and sent out of the lungs (n)
29) a condition of being very sensitive to food, medicine, dust, etc. (n)
30) a period of rest after being ill (n)
31) to make healthy after wounds of any kind (v)
32) permission to be absent from work because of illness (n)
33) dull, continuous pain (n)
34) determine the nature of a disease by observing its symptoms (v)
35) abnormally high body temperature, a sign of illness (n)
36) to use a needle to put medicine into your body (v)
37) a soft substance you rub on your skin as a treatment (n)
38) a room in a hospital you stay in while you are ill (n)
39) many cases of an infectious disease occurring at the same time (n)
40) an illness of the mind (n)
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КСР для студентов 4 курса (английский язык как второй иностранный); отв. по курсу – Жукова Ю.А.
КСР Перевод герундиальной конструкции
I. State the syntactical functions of the gerund or the gerundial constructions/complexes
1. I had no idea of your being here.
2. All that was after their leaving the place.
3. So, you see, I couldn’t sleep for worrying.
4. I don’t ask any questions in spite of there being a lot of questions to ask.
5. They took her to the station for questioning.
6. I find it strange our going without you.
7. Fancy us having to walk a mile in a wind like this.
8. On hearing the joke everyone burst out laughing.
9. There is no accounting for his strange behaviour.
10.If you want me to help, it’s no good beating about the bush.
II. Supply the necessary prepositions
1. We all agree …. your opening the discussion.
2. Happiness consists largely …. having true friends.
3. Who will help me …. hanging these pictures.
4. You should blame yourself …. getting such a low mark.
5. I had no difficulty …. getting the tickets for the concert.
6. Don’t be sorry …. missing the first scene, it was rather dull.
7. I am not used …. being talked to in that rude way.
8. The idea …. him being in Paris was not a pleasant one.
9. The barometer is an instrument …. measuring the pressure of the air.
10.One day, …. returning to the hotel, he found a note in his room. At first he couldn’t understand. …. thinking it
over he hit upon the explanation.
III. Choose the correct form in italics
1. Darling, did you remember packing/to pack some spare cassettes for the video camera yesterday?
2. I really regret leaving/to leave school so young, it’s ruined my career prospects.
3. We tried pressing/ to press the ‘escape’ key but the programme just wouldn’t respond.
4. I don’t like to drive fast because I’m afraid to crash/of crashing.
5. The school doesn’t allow to smoke/smoking.
6. If we catch the early train it will mean to get up/getting up at 6 o’clock.
7. I stopped eating/to eat sugar years ago.
8. Nothing will stop their enquiries, they mean getting/to get to the bottom of the strange business.
9. Don’t forget recording/to record “East Enders” tomorrow evening.
10. They suggested to postpone/postponing the match to the following weak.
11. After a career in the secret service, Ian Fleming went on achieving/to achieve fame as an author.
12. Transglobe Airlines regrets announcing/to announce the cancellation of today’s service to Istanbul due to air
traffic restrictions.
13. Do you remember seeing/to see the film last summer?
14. If you can’t find the information in the manual, try looking/to look at our website.
15. We were all exhausted so we stopped getting/to get some rest at a motel.
IV. Translate into English
1. Я не могу помешать ему делать ошибки.
2. То, что он сказал стало решающим.
3. Теперь тебе не к чему здесь останавливаться.
4. План нуждается в доработке.
5. У нее не было надежды когда-нибудь поехать в Париж.
6. Одними разговорами делу не поможешь.
7. Она не пропускает ни одной возможности поговорить по-английски.
8. Вреда не будет, если мы скажем ему правду.
9. Повторите, пожалуйста.
10. Слезы вам не помогут.
11. Эти факты не спрячешь.
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КСР для студентов 4 курса (английский язык как второй иностранный); отв. по курсу – Жукова Ю.А.
КСР Синтаксические функции причастных конструкций
I. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the appropriate form of the participle
1. (To arrive) at the airport where he was to change, he had to wait for three hours for the connection.
2. He introduced me to a friend of his, recently (to arrive) after a cruise around Europe.
3. (To finish) their meal, they went for a stroll in the park.
4. She stayed (to lock) in her room, (to refuse) to come downstairs.
5. He looked at the scene (to shake) to the depth of his heart.
6. (To ask) whether he intended to return soon, he replied that he would be away for about three weeks.
7. Books (to publish) for children are usually very well illustrated.
8. Yesterday the professor told us about the experiments now (to carry on) in his laboratory.
9. She averted her eyes every time she found herself (to stare at).
10. He looked at her as if (to ask) something.
11. Then he looked out of the window and saw clouds (to gather).
12. He had several bottles of wine (to bring).
13. The governor wants it (to do) quick.
14. She was wearing (to knit) a cap to be (to pull) low over her eyes.
15. (To tell) to wait, she waited.
II. Translate into English, using participles where possible
1. Так как в комнате было совсем темно, я не смог сначала разглядеть, где она была.
2. Её считали ответственной за всё, что произошло в школе.
3. Когда решение было принято, ничто не могло заставить её отказаться от него.
4. Считалось, что план утерян.
5. Однажды утром он стоял перед витриной, почти прижавшись носом к стеклу.
6. Так как дверь и окно пустой комнаты были открыты, мы заглянули в неё.
7. Если вы хотите, чтобы вас уважали, не выходите из себя из-за пустяков.
8. Мне пришлось прождать два часа в больнице, чтобы запломбировать зуб.
9. О чём ты хочешь меня предупредить? О том, что ты окажешься в положении человека, о котором все
говорят.
10. Когда они подошли к дому, они увидели оставленный перед ним «Бьюик».
III. State the syntactical function of the participle
1. Part of the way we rode in a car driven by a little old lady.
2. When asked to explain his presence he could say nothing.
3. She was delighted to see us.
4. He earns a living playing the violin in the streets.
5. I noticed you looking at this picture yesterday.
6. They were found playing in the garden.
7. This problem once solved, there will be nothing to stop us.
8. You, my dear lady, having led a rather sheltered life, have probably seen nothing of the kind.
9. Of course a clever lawyer would have her contradicting herself in close to no time.
10. In the library Diana, her face flushed, talked to a young dramatist.
IV. Paraphrase the following using participles where possible
1. He went over to the window, he stood there and listened to the hum of voices which was coming from outside.
2. He was deafened by the noise and did not at once notice when it stopped.
3. I couldn’t ring him up as I didn’t know his telephone number.
4. We went to see our friends who had just returned from a far voyage.
5. He hailed the cab and told the man to drive to Park Lane.
6. He was not happy. The thought worried him.
7. From the kitchen came a pleasant smell, some appetizing food was being cooked there.
8. The boy tried to put together the pieces of a gramophone record that had broken.
9. The sidewalks were crowded with people who had come to watch the demonstration.
10. She lay awake all night and thought of what had happened.
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КСР для студентов 4 курса (английский язык как второй иностранный); отв. по курсу – Жукова Ю.А.
КСР Неличные формы глагола
I. Analyze the ‘ing’-forms in the following sentences. State whether they are gerunds, participles or verbal nouns
1. Keeping your skin soft and preventing it from dehydration may become quite a problem in hot weather.
2. Their comings and goings attracted the attention of their neighbours who began watching the house.
3. The long expected breaking of he weather came at last bringing warmth and sunlight.
4. It was a heartbreaking picture. The puppy, his four legs stiff and unyielding, protested with all his might against
being dragged away.
5. The dress was ruined. The red trimming had run.
II. Transform the following sentences or group of sentences by using gerunds, participles or constructions with
gerunds or participles instead of the italicized passages. In one sentence such transformations are impossible. Why?
1. She pushed her roast into the oven and felt her day’s work was done.
2. It is generally considered that people have forgotten the secret of manufacturing ruby glass.
3. The baby giraffe, who was born this August, is the seventh offspring of the happy giraffe family, which is much
admired by the children of London.
4. The woman leant out of the window and called something to the children who were playing in the yard.
5. In stricken silence we watched our team which had lost both the game and the last chance of staying in the upper
league leave the field.
6. Mother strongly suspected that I was wasting my time at school.
7. He counted his money and realized that it would last him for a week or so.
8. When he had counted the money he realized that there was not enough to buy both books.
III. Complete the following, using the gerund or the infinitive. Insert prepositions where necessary
1. When a student I used …
2. He was struck by the beauty of the scenery; he could not stop …
3. On hearing the footsteps he ceased …
4. In spite of the late hour they went on …
5. My job is …
6. The climate seems …
IV. Translate what is given in the brackets, using the infinitive or the participle
1. He raised his head
a) с удивленным видом
b) чтобы посмотреть, кто вошел
c) и увидел, что кто-то наблюдал за ним
2. We have many people
a) которые нам помогают
b) которые могут нам помочь
3. The first party of the goods
a) посылаемых to the fair has arrived.
b) посланных to the fair is ready for transportation.
c) которые будут посланы to the fair is ready for transportation.
V. Translate the following into English using the proper forms of the verbals
1. Написав на конверте адрес, она выбросила открытку в корзину для бумаг.
2. Эта была любовная связь, которая, как полагали, продолжалась так давно, что о ней перестали говорить.
3. Было похоже, что он получал удовольствие от нашей компании.
4. Известно, что он был трижды ранен во время войны.
5. Крису как-то не хотелось, чтобы над ним смеялись.
6. Очень мило с его стороны, что он предложил это.
7. Так случилось, что они обедали у Долли в тот день.
8. Я не могу спать, когда выключено радио.
9. Он лежал на спине с закрытыми глазами.
10. Твой отец настаивает на том, чтобы ты получил образование в Оксфорде. to the fair is ready for
transportation.
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КСР для студентов 4 курса (английский язык как второй иностранный); отв. по курсу – Жукова Ю.А.
КСР Города-мегаполисы и их проблемы
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Where would you prefer to live in the city or in the country?
What are the advantages of living in the modern city?
What brought about the growth of cities over the centuries?
How did towns serve their inhabitants?
Are there any disadvantages of living in the city?
What are other disadvantages of living in a big city?
Is it difficult to find a job in the countryside?
Can this problem be solved?
- Where would you prefer to live in the city or in the country?
- If I could choose where to live I would have the best of both places as each of them has its own advantages to say nothing of
disadvantages.
- What are the advantages of living in the modern city?
- Life in the city is much easier than in the country - developed transport system, sewerage system, information, sports, shopping
malls, etc. Modern men are too sophisticated for simple country pleasures. There is far more entertainment in the city than in the
country. Cities offer high concentration of good things in life: big stores, restaurants, theatres, cinema, art galleries. Life is more
convenient in a city: services are always better here. In the city people are more open-minded. It is possible to go out, make
friends and never be cut off from them by weather conditions. Generally, people do not mind what you do in the city. In the city
people have more chances to be employed, as the range of jobs is greater than in a village. Besides in the city people have more
chances to succeed. Moreover, life is never dull in the city, people always have something to do here. The objections to city living
are not convincing enough. People easily adapt to various inconveniences of city life. For example, noise and traffic are hardly
noticeable to city-dwellers. In the city especially in our country people live in apartments with central heating, telephone, gas,
electricity, radio, TV the Internet. Most people love cities. In 330 BC Aristotle wrote that by nature man belonged to a city. Many
people love the busy city life. It is enough for them to visit a country at week-ends.
- What brought about the growth of cities over the centuries?
- Cities grew over the centuries because they served aims that could not have been served otherwise. Two thousand years ago
most people lived in the countryside. It was not their choice. Today, almost half of humanity lives in cities. It does so because it
wants to. Man has always lived in groups. It makes life safer and easier. Geography - rich soil, a safe harbour or navigable river,
ample fresh water, easy defence, coal - was the start of many towns. In Europe towns grew over the strongholds of a local lord.
Most of them developed as buying and selling centres; trade needed a market, and markets needed people.
- How did towns serve their inhabitants?
- Towns served their citizens very well if they in turn were served by them. During the Middle Ages when harvest failed, the
nearby town offered hope of survival. All successful towns satisfied economic needs. For a peasant town was the only place
where he might make a fortune. In the new industrial order, the city was the nerve centre, brining to a focus all dynamic economic
forces: vast accumulation of capital, business and financial institutions, spreading railroad yards, factories, and armies of manual
and clerical workers. For example, in the USA villages, attracting people from the countryside and from the land across the seas,
grew into towns and towns into cities almost overnight.
- Are there any disadvantages of living in the city?
- Pollution is the greatest disadvantage of the city life of today. Polluted air is hanging like a brown cloud over cities. Dirt and
smoke are pouring from the buildings of cites and factories. Polluted urban air causes respiratory distress, particularly in children,
and elderly people. The increased number of motor vehicles not only jam the city streets but pollute the city air as well. Cars give
a collection of pollutants. In bright, calm weather, sunlight turns the chemicals into a poison smog. All big cities have problems
with air pollution. There was still nothing anywhere like "killer-smog" which caused some 3000-4000 deaths in London in
December 1952. Mexico city's air is famously filthy, as is that of many Indian, Chinese, and East European cities. The exceeding
output of industries and urban communities is harmful to the city aquatic systems. The result is a foul-smelling body of water
running for a bath or dish washing. Noise pollution is the problem of big cities too. Urban garbage - like food, paper, and cans on the ground or in the street is one more problem of cities. People don't always put their garbage in the garbage can. Urban
garbage is ugly. It makes the city look dirty, and it spoils the view.
- What are other disadvantages of living in a big city?
- There are lots of other disadvantages of living in a big city. Today's cities are ballooning. Bombay in 1960 was a jam-packed
city of 4m people. Now Mexico city holds around 18m people. "The rush-hour" with crowded streets, packed trains, full buses
that happens twice a day is one of them. Cost of living is very high in the cities. In addition, people live under constant threat; life
is not quiet in the cities, it causes stresses and heart decease. In the city people loose touch with land, rhythms of nature. Everyone
who cares about his health tries to move out from the city. Cities are not fit to live in, man are born for countryside. Most people
in Europe and America try to live in non-industrial cities, which are set down near big cities and can not be killed by pollution and
traffic.
- Do you like to stay in the countryside?
- Yes, I do. I like to stay in the countryside.
- Why do you like to stay in the countryside?
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КСР для студентов 4 курса (английский язык как второй иностранный); отв. по курсу – Жукова Ю.А.
КСР Экологические проблемы 21 века
Ecological problems - Definition
Is politics responsible for current environmental condition of our planet?
Global environmental condition of our planet is alarming. Reports from different parts of the world suggest
that globally speaking we have created one terrible environmental mess that could soon turn into one big
threat to all life on our planet. I'm not only talking here about climate change that has potential to make life
impossible in some parts of the world by the end of this century, I'm also talking about pollution,
deforestation, and generally speaking total lack of ecological conscience that could lead us to real
environmental disaster.
Why has the world become so immune to ecological problems and why do we care so little for our planet
that is still our only home? Perhaps this lack of ecological conscience has to do with the materialism and
hedonism of our civilization that are mainly responsible for distorted values of our society. In the world
where everything is measured by money it's hard to have any conscience left, especially ecological
conscience because ecology means so little to so many people.
What is climate change doing to our planet?
Climate change has already started affecting our planet, and the most obvious sign is melting of the Arctic's
ice. As the name suggests it climate change, if continues, will change our climate because average
temperature on our planet will rise (global warming phenomenon) bringing all sorts of trouble to our planet,
and of course ourselves. In the worst possible scenario climate change has the potential of even wiping
entire life out of this planet, of course not now nor in hundreds years time but if we and our future
generations fail to do something about it somewhere in the future human race could even disappear from
face of the Earth.
Ecological problems - True crisis of humanity
If we consider Earth as our only home then we must acknowledge the great irony of the modern world,
irony that reveals itself in vast number of ecological problems. Every way you look, starting from your own
town you live in, and all the way to the ice sheets of Antarctica and vast deserts in Africa you can see one
pattern that is repeating itself-ecological problems.
To really make difference you need to have politics on your side, and politicians are only mentioning the
word ecology before their election when they are in need of votes, while after all gets forgotten. Our
countries need more fuel, more energy, more resources, but apparently no environment protection. In 1990
for World peace day, Pope John Paul II said in his message: "The gravity of the ecological situation reveals
how deep is the human moral crisis". And this was almost 20 years ago.
Ecological problems are today far more serious than ever before, and we simply have to do more than hope
that these problems will simply go away after some time. Hope won't be sufficient this time around, mainly
because these problems now occur on global level. Global ecological problems require global action, action
of the whole world. Can this happen?
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КСР для студентов 4 курса (английский язык как второй иностранный); отв. по курсу – Жукова Ю.А.
КСР Природные катастрофы
Most scientists today agree how climate change is mostly happening because of human activity, most
notably industrial activity in form of fossil fuels burning that accounts for large quantity of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere that cause global warming and climate change.
Data from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reveal how global temperatures have
increased by an average of 0.74 degrees Celsius, between 1906 and 2005, and that 11 of the 12 warmest
years on record were in the 12 years before 2007. And the different computer models projected that global
temperatures are likely to rise a further 1.1C to 6.4C during the 21st century. And according to widely
accepted IPCC theory constantly rising levels of greenhouse gases from human activity are mostly
responsible for constant growth in temperatures. This is the reason why world leaders are working hard to
create new international climate deal that would cut greenhouse gas emissions on global level, and stop
further temperature increase that could cause more frequent extreme weather events like floods, droughts,
and hurricanes.
Clean energy - Earth's only chance against global warming
Unfortunately for all of us, Earth is already faced with global warming because of dangerous greenhouse
gases that are result of fossil fuels combustion. Oil, coal and natural gas are still something modern world
can't live with and clean energy (renewable energy sources) are still very negligible on global scale and are
satisfying very small percentage of world's total energy need.
Fossil fuels are traditional and dominant in many countries (especially in US since US emits most
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere) and renewable energy sources which could provide clean energy that
isn't harmful for environment are really lacking necessary attention of world's leading countries like USA,
China and India.
Amazon rainforest – Deforestation
Main and most important reason why tropical rainforests need to be preserved is the fact that they're
enabling life on Earth. Not only do they absorb carbon dioxide and create oxygen in the process, they are
also responsible for regulating temperature, producing important nutrients like nitrogen and phosphor, and
even protecting watersheds from erosion of salt as well. Tropical rainforests can be also quite helpful on
field of pharmacology and new medication researching because between thousands of different plants that
have their habitat here perhaps they are even hiding potential cure for menaces of the modern world like
cancer and AIDS.
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КСР для студентов 4 курса (английский язык как второй иностранный); отв. по курсу – Жукова Ю.А.