Educational
Duffle Bag
Teacher‟s Packet
Korean War
Bag #1
Dear Teacher,
Thank you for participating in our Educational Duffle Bag Program. The Duffle Bag Program
was created to accompany a field trip to complete the learning experience. Your involvement
strengthens our relationship with the schools and the community. We look forward to seeing
you and your students at the Armed Forces History Museum.
.
This bag and guide has been created with you, the teacher, in mind. The items in the bag
have a brief description and history. Teaching tools like timelines and reading lists related
to your subject matter have been included as well.
Please note the Inventory Checklist in your guide. To ensure all artifacts are returned to
the museum, a series of inventory checks accompany the duffle bag. Please read and
follow the instructions carefully. Each checklist is specific to the bag it accompanies. The
duffle bag and artifacts are not to leave the school. Please refrain from taking the
artifacts home. A $50 replacement fee will be assessed for each item that is lost. Thank
you for your help preserving our artifacts.
Once you have finished using the Duffle Bag in your classroom, we encourage you to fill
out our Feedback sheet. Let us know what worked and what didn‟t, what you liked and
didn‟t liked, what you would want to see added. You are on the „front lines‟ for us so
your opinions are key to the success of our program.
Once again, thank you for participating in our Educational Duffle Bag Program. We look
forward to seeing you and your students at the Armed Forces History Museum.
Sincerely,
Armed Forces History Museum
2050 34th Way North
Largo, FL 33771
www.armedforcesmuseum.com
Phone: 727-539-8371
Fax: 727-524-4967
Inventory Checklist
Korean War Duffle Bag #1
To ensure all artifacts are returned to the museum, a series of inventory checks accompany the duffle bag.
Thank you for your help preserving our artifacts.
Drop Off: A museum employee will check the inventory before bringing the bag to your school.
Teacher Check In to Classroom: Once you receive the bag, please check the inventory yourself. Initial
off for each item.
Teacher Check Out of Classroom: When you have finished using the bag, again, check the inventory
before packing the bag for museum pick up. Initial again.
Pick Up: When a museum employee picks the bag up from your school they will check the inventory list
again.
Drop Off
Teacher
Check In
Teacher Check
Out
Pick Up
Mess Kit
Navy Aviation
Life Vest
Navy M-1 Helmet
Grenade
Pouch
Goggles
Cold Weather
Mitten(left hand
only)
BAR Ammo Belt
Timeline
Korea DVD –
History Channel
Book “The Korean
War”(Essential
Histories)
Drop Off Date: _______________________ Pick Up Date: _______________________
Teacher:_____________________________ Contact Email: ______________________
School:_________________________________________________________________
With this signature I take full responsibility for each item in the Educational Duffle
bag. I fully understand that a $50 replacement fee will be assessed for each missing
item and I agree to pay any necessary fees.
_________________________________________________ Date _________________
Mess Kit
An important part of a soldier‟s personal gear was his mess kit. Mess kits were a set of
plates and eating utensils that could be used to prepare and eat food while in the field.
These kits were used through the Vietnam War and were phased out in the 1980‟s with
the distribution of the MRE (Meal, Ready to Eat).
The design of the mess kit is based on the aluminum kits that were in use before WWI,
consisting of a pan with a hinged handle plus a lid that fits over the pan and was held
together as one unit when the pan handle was folded over. Mess kits used from WWII
through the Vietnam War were made of “corrosion resistant” galvanized steel or stainless
steel. The mess kit was nicknamed a “Meat Can” by troops.
Mess kits are almost universally marked „US‟ on the folding handle, along with the date
and manufacturer. This Meat Can was made in 1951, placing it in the Korean War
era. Mess kits also included individual utensils, a spoon, fork and knife, but they are not
included in this artifact.
Navy Aviation Life Vest
Personal floatation devices were NOT part of the equipment issued to naval sailors up to
the early 1800‟s. It wasn‟t until lifesaving services were formed that personal safety of
boat crews heading out in generally horrific sea conditions was addressed.
The modern lifejacket is generally credited to a Captain Ward, a Royal National Lifeboat
Institution inspector in the UK who created a cork vest to be worn by lifeboat crews in
1854. This first life jacket was meant to protect against the weather and create buoyancy
should a sailor find himself overboard.
In the twentieth century, cork was supplanted by pouches containing watertight cells
filled with kapok, a buoyant vegetation. These soft cells were more flexible and
comfortable to wear compared with devices using hard cork pieces. Kapok buoyancy was
used by many navies in WWII. Foam eventually replaced kapok. Kapok and foam life
preservers are only used on sea-going vessels.
The inflatable preserver was invented by Peter Markus in 1928 with improvements in
1930 and 1931. Inflatable life preservers are mandatory on airplanes travelling over
water. They consist of a pair of air cells (bladders) that can be inflated by triggering the
release of a separate carbon dioxide gas canister for each cell. Cells can be inflated by
mouth by blowing into a flexible tube with a one-way valve to seal the air in the cell.
Aircraft devices for crew and passengers are always inflatable since it may be necessary
to swim down and away from a submerged aircraft. Pre-inflated or foam filled devices
would significantly impede a person from swimming downward in order to escape a
vehicle cabin. Upon surfacing the person would then inflate the device by mouth or by
triggering the gas canister release mechanism
The “Mae West” is a common nickname for the first inflatable life preserver because
someone wearing the inflated preserver often looked as physically endowed as the
famous actress Mae West. These inflatable preservers were popular in WWII and the
Korean War with the US Air Force and Royal Air Force servicemen. This is a Korean
War-era inflatable life preserver.
M-1 Helmet and Liner
The M-1 helmet is a combat helmet that was used by the US military from WWII through
the Vietnam War. For over 40 years, the M-1 was standard issue for the US military and
naval forces, and has become an icon of the American Armed Forces, with its design
inspiring other militaries around the world.
Over 20 million US M-1 steel helmets were manufactured during WWII. Like many
pieces of military equipment, hese were reused during the Korean War A second US
production run of approximately one million helmets was made in 1966-1967, for the
Vietnam War. The Vietnam War helmet was different from the WWII/Korean War
version by having a lowered, or less pronounced dome shape at the top forward section,
and was painted in a light olive green.
While no longer used in US service, the M-1 Helmet and international variants are still in
use by other nations around the world. The M-1 helmet liner still occupies a symbolic
niche in the US military. For example, liners are currently worn in training by US Navy
SEALs candidates.
The M-1 is two "one-size-fits-all" helmets: An outer shell, sometimes referred to as the
"steel pot", made of metal, and a hard hat-type liner that is nestled inside the shell which
contains the suspension system that is adjusted to fit the wearer's head.
This helmet is a Korean War-era Navy helmet. The US Navy adopted the M-1 helmet
as protection for its gunners, particularly those engaged in anti-aircraft weapons operation
due to the expectation that gunners would be exposed to hostile machine gun fire from
attacking aircraft and shrapnel from near-misses by ordinance. Notice the hand painted
artwork on the side of the helmet. Many soldiers and sailors would personalize their
helmets and gear with insignia representing their units.
Grenade Pouch
This 3 pocket field gear grenade pouch is designed to hold standard fragmentation
grenades. The pouch was designed to attach onto the ammo belt for men to carry into
field combat. The grenade pouch is made out of OD canvas.
M-1951 Winter Trigger Mittens
The Korean winters were brutal and these were a good choice by the infantry and
included the trigger finger so you didn't have to take them off in battle.
The mitten shells with the trigger fingers are OD cotton canvas with leather palms and
thumbs and the inserts are the standard OD wool and nylon blend style with the trigger
fingers.
BAR Ammo Belt
This Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) ammunition belt was made of a twill type fabric
called Duck and was issued to infantry troops to use with the BAR. The BAR was used to
give more fire power to the infantry troops in WWII and Korea.
Goggles
During World War II, goggles were commonly issued to soldiers in combat roles where
there were eye hazards, ground troops and armored vehicle crewmen. For example,
drivers of open vehicles (jeeps, tanks, motorcycles and others) as well as artillery and
anti-aircraft gunners, and of course flyers and exposed Navy crews. It was very common
for tankers (Armored Forces) to wear goggles with their tanker helmets.
Original goggle sets were developed by Polaroid and delivered with three lenses (clear,
dark polarizing, and red) for dust, wind, and sun protection. These goggles remained in
use until the 1990s.
Pinellas County Approved Lesson Preview
The following pages are excerpts from our Pinellas County Approved Lesson Preview.
We encourage you to print out copies for yourself and use them in your classroom as part
of the Duffle Bag Program and a Field Trip to The Armed Forces Military Museum. We
have also included the Sunshine State Standards Benchmarks that our Lesson Plan meets.
The entire lesson plan is available online at www.armedforcesmuseum.com.
SSS BENCHMARKS
Grade
K
SS.K.A.1.1
SS.K.A.2.5
1st
SS.1.A.2.4
SS.1.C.3.2
2nd
SS.2.A.2.5
SS.2.A.2.6
3rd
SS.3.A.1.1
SS.3.G.1.2
SS.3.G.4.4
4th
SS.4.A.6.4
SS.4.A.7.3
SS.4.E.1.2
SS.4.G.1.4
5th
SS.5.A.1.1
SS.5.A.5.3
SS.5.C.1.2
SS.5.C.3.3
SS.5.G.1.1
6th
SS.6.G.1.2
SS.6.G.4.4
SS.6.W.1.4
SS.6.W.1.5
SS.6.W.1.6
7th
SS.7.C.2.10
SS.7.C.2.13
SS.7.C.3.1
SS.7.C.4.1
SS.7.C.4.2
SS.7.C.4.3
8th
SS.8.A.1.6
SS.8.E.2.3
SS.8.G.1.1
9th – 12th
SS.912.A.4.5
SS.912.A.4.6
SS.912.A.4.7
SS.912.A.4.8
SS.912.A.4.9
SS.912.A.6.1
SS.912.A.6.12
SS.912.A.6.14
SS.912.A.7.3
SS.912.C.4.2
SS.912.E.3.1
SS.912.E.3.3
SS.912.G.1.1
SS.912.G.1.3
SS.912.G.2.4
SS.912.G.4.7
SS.912.G.4.9
SS.912.W.1.1
SS.912.W.2.1
SS.912.W.6.6
SS.912.W.7.1
SS.912.W.7.2
SS.912.W.7.3
SS.912.W.7.6
SS.912.W.7.7
SS.912.W.7.8
SS.912.W.7.9
SS.912.W.7.10
SS.912.W.7.11
SS.912.W.8.2
SS.912.W.8.3
SS.5.G.1.2
The Korean War
Reading and Discussion
During World War II, the Japanese military destroyed much of the Korean landscape
and population. After the war, the Japanese surrendered to United States and Soviet
Union forces located in Korea. After Japan surrendered, the Soviet Union controlled the
northern Korean territory. The United States controlled the territory known as South
Korea. The United States and the Soviet Union tried to rebuild Korea. They each supplied
weapons and training to the people located within their territory. Eventually, the Soviet
and American forces left Korea, but because they split the country into two parts, Korea
was a country divided and on the brink of war.
The United States withdrew their troops from Korea to try to avoid another war. They
thought that their continued presence in Korea might seem like an aggressive action
against North Korea and other interested parties. The United States had a strong military
presence in Japan and the Philippines. They assumed that their presence in these
neighboring countries would enable them to address any hostilities that arose in the area.
The United States' Secretary of State, Dean Acheson, declared Korea to be outside of the
United States' defensive perimeter. This left South Korea without protection from the
United States.
After the American troops withdrew, South Korea was in a vulnerable position. The
leader of North Korea, Kim Il-Sung, increased his strength through assistance he
received from the Soviets. Once his military strengthened, he sent North Korean troops
into South Korea on June 25, 1950. The North Korean military was better equipped and
better trained than the South Korean soldiers. As a result, the South Korean troops were
driven further south to the town of Pusan, which was near the southern coast of Korea.
Prior to the invasion of South Korea, the US National Security Council proposed an
increase in US military spending. The proposal was in a policy paper known as NSC-68
and was proposed in April of 1950. The purpose of the proposal was to ensure that the
US containment policy in Korea (and other areas) was able to be enforced. At the time of
the proposal, there was no immediate military crisis. Since enacting the proposal was
expensive, Congress did not act on the recommendation. After North Korea entered
South Korea, President Truman resurrected the proposal. He wanted a 350% increase in
the military budget. He also wanted the number of troops to be increased to 3.5 million.
The US went on to condemn North Korea's invasion of South Korea. The US created a
United Nations Security Council proposal that pledged UN support to restore peace in
South Korea. The proposal was passed unanimously by all nine nations that attended the
meeting. President Truman feared that North Korea's actions would start another world
war. Because of proposal passed, Truman was able to use the military to try to end the
conflict in Korea. Without consulting Congress, Truman told American Air Force and
Naval units to support South Korea. The UN resolution permitted Truman to appoint a
commander of the UN forces. General Douglas MacArthur and his troops were ordered
to leave their post in Japan and support the South Korean troops. While the operation was
under the control of the United Nations, 90 percent of the troops, supplies, and money
were American.
General Douglas MacArthur's troops joined the South Korean troops in Pusan.
MacArthur knew that facing the North Korean troops at Pusan would be hard. On
September 15, 1950, MacArthur launched an assault on the North Korean troops near
Inchon. The North Koreans did not anticipate MacArthur's move and were unprepared.
The North Koreans suffered heavy casualties were driven back into North Korea.
MacArthur and the South Koreans wanted to pursue the North Korean troops and put an
end to the war. Truman was reluctant because he feared that such actions would be seen
as a potential attack on the Soviet Union or China. Truman and the United Nations
decided to allow MacArthur's troops to invade North Korea on the condition that they
would not fight any Soviet Union or Chinese forces. MacArthur did not think that the
Soviets or the Chinese would aid North Korea, so the invasion proceeded.
MacArthur moved quickly and overextended his troops. Over 300,000 Chinese joined the
fight against MacArthur's forces. After many casualties the South Korean troops were
driven back into South Korea. Angered by China‟s involvement, MacArthur wanted to
retaliate against China. Truman did not want the war to escalate by attacking the Chinese.
Truman and the United Nations ordered MacArthur to fight a “limited war.” They now
wanted only to reestablish the border between North and South Korea.
MacArthur disagreed with the limitations and began to publicly question Truman's
judgment. As a result, Truman relieved MacArthur of his command. Informal peace talks
finally began in Korea in July of 1951. Talks continued sporadically for the next two
years, but little was accomplished. Fighting on both sides continued until the Armistice
Agreement was signed in 1953.
Copyright 2009 LessonSnips www.lessonsnips.com
Activities
Activity A: Fill in the Blanks
1. The __________________ controlled the northern Korean territory after World War II.
2. The _________________ controlled the territory in the south of Korea.
3. This man was president of the United States during the Korean War:
_________________.
4. The United States' Secretary of State, _______________, declared Korea to be outside
of the United States' defensive perimeter.
5. Prior to the invasion of South Korea, the ___________________________ proposed
an increase in US military spending.
6. The leader of North Korea during the Korean War was _________________________.
7. After World War II, this country surrendered in Korea: ________________________.
Activity B: True or False
____ 1. On September 15, 1950, MacArthur launched an assault on the North Korean
troops near Inchon.
____ 2. The United States pulled their troops out of Korea because they were at war in
Vietnam.
____ 3. General Douglas MacArthur and his troops were ordered to leave their post in
Japan and support the South Korean troops.
____ 4. The US created a United Nations Security Council proposal that pledged UN
support to restore peace in South Korea.
____ 5. The North Korean military was better equipped and better trained than the South
Korean soldiers.
____ 6. Truman and the United Nations ordered MacArthur to fight a “limited war.”
___ 7. Without consulting Congress, Truman told American Air Force and Naval units to
support North Korea.
Answer Key
Fill In the Blank:
1. Soviet Union
2. United States
3. Harry S. Truman
4. Dean Acheson
5. National Security Council
6. Kim Il-Sung
7. Japan
True or False:
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True
6. True
7. False
Recommended Reading for Middle School
Korean War
Balgassi, Haemi Peacebound Trains
A Korean girl, missing her single-parent mother who joined the Army to support her,
hears a story from her grandmother of her flight to freedom during the 1950‟s Korean
War.
Choi, Sook Nyul Echoes of the White Giraffe
Set in Korea during the Korean War, this book describes the fabric of a mother/daughter
relationship. Sookan, knowing she would bring shame on herself and her family,
nevertheless agrees to be photographed with her friend- a privilege permitted only to
engaged couples. When her mother learns of this deception from the young man‟s
parents, she prohibits Sookan from participating in activities that would put the two
young people together.
Halliday, Jon and Bruce Cummings Korea: The Unknown War
Non-fiction overview extensively illustrated with photographs.
Meader, Stephen W. Sabre Pilot
A young Air Force pilot is sent to Korea where he is downed in battle but rescued and
reunited with a WAC with whom he has fallen in love.
Michener, James A. Bridges at Toko-Ri
Harry Brubaker reluctantly leaves his family to fight in Korea. Following his activities as
a fighter pilot, his division of jets, stationed on an aircraft carrier, is ordered to destroy
the bridges at Toko-Ri, to cut off enemy supply lines and to isolate them.
Tomedi, Rudy No Bugles, No Drums: an Oral History of the Korean War
Veterans speak and remember Korea. Non fiction.
Recommended Reading for High School
Korean War
Balgassi, Haemi Peacebound Trains
A Korean girl, missing her single-parent mother who joined the Army to support her, hears a story
from her grandmother of her flight to freedom during the 1950‟s Korean War.
Choi, Sook Nyul Echoes of the White Giraffe
Set in Korea during the Korean War, this book describes the fabric of a mother/daughter
relationship. Sookan, knowing she would bring shame on herself and her family, nevertheless agrees
to be photographed with her friend- a privilege permitted only to engaged couples. When her mother
learns of this deception from the young man‟s parents, she prohibits Sookan from participating in
activities that would put the two young people together.
Halliday, Jon and Bruce Cummings Korea: The Unknown War
Non-fiction overview extensively illustrated with photographs.
Meader, Stephen W. Sabre Pilot
A young Air Force pilot is sent to Korea where he is downed in battle but rescued and reunited with
a WAC with whom he has fallen in love.
Michener, James A. Bridges at Toko-Ri
Harry Brubaker reluctantly leaves his family to fight in Korea. Following his activities as a fighter
pilot, his division of jets, stationed on an aircraft carrier, is ordered to destroy the bridges at Toko-Ri,
to cut off enemy supply lines and to isolate them.
Potok, Chaim I Am the Clay
Three refugees thrown together be chance learn about love in a world torn by war.
Tomedi, Rudy No Bugles, No Drums: an Oral History of the Korean War
Veterans speak and remember Korea. Non fiction.
Korean War Timeline for Middle School
1950
- June 25: North Korean People‟s Army invade South Korea- UN calls for an end of
aggression
- June 27: UN calls for members to aid Republic of Korea (South Korea)
- US announces intervention
- North Korea attacks Seoul, South Korea airfield
- June 28: North Korean army captures Seoul
- June 30: Truman orders ground troops into South Korea and authorizes USAF to bomb
North Korea
- July 5: Battle of Osan, South Korea
- July 14: Battle of Taejon, South Korea begins
- July 18: US Cavalry land at Pohangdong, South Korea
- July 22: Battle of Taejon ends with heavy US losses and retreat
- August 1-3: Pusan perimeter established in southeast South Korea
- August 5: 1st Battle of the Naktong Bulge, South Korea begins with North Korean
Offensive
- August 13: 1st UN counter attack collapses
- August 19: 1st Battle of the Naktong Bulge ends- UN forces hold back North Korean
offensive
- September 15: Inchon, South Korea landing of UN forces
- September 16-19: UN breaks Puson Perimeter cordon
- September 29: UN troops re-capture Seoul
- September 30: South Korean troops cross 38th parallel
- October 7: UN Forces cross 38th parallel- UN sanctions defeat North Koreans and
attempt reunification
- October 14: Chinese communist troops (CCF) cross Yalu River into North Korea to
support North Korean Army
- October 19: UN captures P‟yongyang, North Korea‟s capital
- October 25: Battle of Unsan, North Korea begins
- November 1: Battle of Unsan- CCF attacks unprepared US Cavalry in what has been
called "one of the most devastating US losses of the Korean War"
- November 4: Battle of Unsan ends
- November 25: General MacArthur launches „Home by Christmas‟ Offensive to push
CCF out of Korea
- November 27: Battle of Chosin Reservoir, North Korea begins- US troops nicknamed
the „Frozen Chosin‟
- November 30: Truman threatens use of atomic bomb against CCF
- December 13: Battle of Chosin Reservoir ends with complete withdrawal of UN troops
from North Korea
1951
- January 4: CCF captures Seoul
- February 11: CCF counteroffensive begins north of Hoengsong, South Korea
- February 14: CCF stopped at Chipyong-ni, South Korea- successful defense is a turning
point
- March 18: UN forces re-take Seoul
- May 10: May Massacre- start of CCF spring offensive
- June 5: end of CCF spring offensive with UN victory
- June 13: UN Forces dig in at 38th parallel
- July 10: Truce talks begin at Kaesong, North Korea
- August 17: Battle of Bloody Ridge, South Korea begins
- August 23: Communist Forces break off truce talks
- September 5: Battle of Bloody Ridge ends in UN victory
- September 13: Battle of Heartbreak Ridge, South Korea begins
- October 15: Battle of Heartbreak Ridge ends in UN victory
- October 25: peace talks resume in Kaesong, North Korea
- November 27: Truce talks continue in Panmunjon on the border between North and
South Korea- ceasefire line agreed on
1952
- June: vicious localized fighting along main line of resistance as truce talks drag on
- August 29: largest air strike of the war- 1400 UN aircraft hit Pyongyang, North Korea
- October: localized fighting along main line of resistance lessens
- October 6: Battle of White Horse Hill, North Korea begins- mostly fought by South
Korean and Chinese troops
- October 8: truce talks halted
- October 15: Battle of White Horse Hill ends in South Korean victory thanks to info
from CCF deserters
1953
- March 30: truce talks resume at Panmunjon
- April 16-18: Battle of Pork Chop Hill, South Korea- UN victory despite heavy
casualties
- June 14: Communist Forces offensive pushes South Korean troops south
- June 18: Communist Forces break off truce talks
- June 25: „Little Truce Talks‟ secure South Korean acceptance of armistice
- Chinese launch massive attacks against South Korea
- July 10: Communist Forces return to peace negotiations
- July 27: ceasefire signed- fighting ends 12 hours later
Korean War Timeline for High School
1950
- June 25: North Korean People‟s Army invade South Korea- UN calls for an end of
aggression
- June 27: UN calls for members to aid Republic of Korea (South Korea)
- US announces intervention
- North Korea attacks Seoul, South Korea airfield
- June 28: US bombers attack troops in Han River area, South Korea
- North Korean army captures Seoul
- June 30: Truman orders ground troops into South Korea and authorizes USAF to bomb
North Korea
- July 5: Battle of Osan, South Korea- Task Force Smith troops fight for first time and
suffer heavy casualties
- July 7: UN command created under General MacArthur
- July 14: Battle of Taejon, South Korea begins
- July 18: US Cavalry land at Pohangdong, South Korea
- July 22: Battle of Taejon ends with heavy US losses and retreat
- August 1-3: Pusan perimeter established in southeast South Korea
- August 5: 1st Battle of the Naktong Bulge, South Korea begins with North Korean
Offensive
- August 13: 1st UN counter attack collapses
- August 19: 1st Battle of the Naktong Bulge ends- UN forces hold back North Korean
offensive
- September 15: Inchon, South Korea landing of UN forces
- September 16-19: UN breaks Puson Perimeter cordon
- September 29: UN troops re-capture Seoul
- September 30: South Korean troops cross 38th parallel
- October 7: UN forces cross 38th parallel- UN sanctions defeat North Koreans and
attempt reunification
- October 14: Chinese communist troops (CCF) cross Yalu River into North Korea to
support North Korean Army
- October 15: President Truman and General MacArthur meet on Wake Island
- October 19: UN captures P‟yongyang, North Korea‟s capital
- October 25: Battle of Unsan, North Korea begins
- November 1: Battle of Unsan- CCF attacks unprepared US Cavalry in what has been
called "one of the most devastating US losses of the Korean War"
- November 4: Battle of Unsan ends
- November 25: General MacArthur launches „Home by Christmas‟ Offensive to push
CCF out of Korea
- November 27: Battle of Chosin Reservoir, North Korea begins- US troops nicknamed
the „Frozen Chosin‟
- November 30: Truman threatens use of atomic bomb against CCF
- December 13: Battle of Chosin Reservoir ends with complete withdrawal of UN troops
from North Korea
1951
- January 4: CCF captures Seoul
- January 14: General Ridgway stabilizes UN lines along 37th parallel
- January 25: UN forces resume offensive
- February 11: CCF counteroffensive begins north of Hoengsong, South Korea
- February 14: CCF stopped at Chipyong-ni, South Korea- successful defense is a turning
point
- March 1: UN reaches between 37th and 38th parallels
- March 18: UN forces re-take Seoul
- April 11: General MacArthur relieved from post- command given to General Ridgway
- May 10: May Massacre- start of CCF spring offensive
- June 5: end of CCF spring offensive with UN victory
- June 13: UN Forces dig in at 38th parallel
- July 10: Truce talks begin at Kaesong, North Korea
- August 17: Battle of Bloody Ridge, South Korea begins
- August 23: Communist Forces break off truce talks
- September 5: Battle of Bloody Ridge ends in UN victory
- September 13: Battle of Heartbreak Ridge, South Korea begins
- October 15: Battle of Heartbreak Ridge ends in UN victory
- October 25: peace talks resume in Kaesong, North Korea
- November 27: Truce talks continue in Panmunjon on the border between North and
South Korea- ceasefire line agreed on
- December 18: exchange of POW lists
1952
- January 2: UN POW exchange proposal
- January 3: Communist Forces reject POW exchange proposal
- February 18: CCF and North Korean POWs riot at the UN‟s Koje-do prison camp
- March 13: more CCF and North Korean riots at Koje-do
- May 27: South Korean president Syngman Rhee declares martial law at Pusan
- June: vicious localized fighting along main line of resistance as truce talks drag on
- August 29: largest air strike of the war- 1400 UN aircraft hit Pyongyang, North Korea
- October: localized fighting along main line of resistance lessens
- October 6: Battle of White Horse Hill, North Korea begins- mostly fought by South
Korean and Chinese troops
- October 8: truce talks halted
- October 15: Battle of White Horse Hill ends in South Korean victory thanks to info
from CCF deserters
1953
- January 20: General Eisenhower becomes president of US
- March 5: new USSR Premier Malenkov speaks of peaceful coexistence
- March 28: North Korean and Chinese leaders agree to POW exchange
- March 30: truce talks resume at Panmunjon
- April 16-18: Battle of Pork Chop Hill, South Korea- UN victory despite heavy
casualties
- April 20-26: exchange of sick and wounded POWs
- April 23: full peace talks resume at Panmunjon
- June 14: Communist Forces offensive pushes South Korean troops south
- June 18: South Korea releases 27,000 POWs who refuse repatriation
- Communist Froces break off truce talks
- June 25: „Little Truce Talks‟ secure South Korean acceptance of armistice
- Chinese launch massive attacks against South Korea
- July 10: Communist Forces return to peace negotiations
- July 27: ceasefire signed- fighting ends 12 hours later
- September 4: processing of POWs for repatriation begins at Freedom Village,
Panmunjon
The Armed Forces History Museum
Field Trips
The Duffle Bag Program was to accompany a field trip to complete the learning
experience. We look forward to seeing you and your students at the Armed Forces
History Museum.
The objective of your visit to the Armed Forces History Museum is to experience various
aspects of military history. Every generation must realize the freedom we take for
granted does not come without a sacrifice.
At AFHM, you will learn about World War I, World War II, Pearl Harbor, Korea,
Vietnam, Desert Storm, and Iraqi Freedom. You will have the opportunity to view
military vehicles used in war (tanks & jeeps, and artillery). You will also see, firsthand,
weapons, uniforms, and personal items used during these wars.
View the display created with a life size replica of Saddam Hussein, clothed in one of his
original uniforms captured by a US soldier in Iraq. In addition, you will see the original
Japanese model ships used in the 1970 movie, “Tora! Tora! Tora!” a movie that depicts
the historic Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941.
Teachers may choose to have students record in their student journals prior to the
museum visit.
Areas to view:
 Salute to Service Gallery (uniforms)
 Weapons and Ordnance
 WWI Dioramas and Displays
 Pearl Harbor and Japanese Gallery
 USMC South Pacific Gallery
 WWII US Navy Display
 D Day Diorama
 Korean War
 Vietnam
 Desert Storm
 Iraq/Operation Freedom
 Tanks, military vehicles and artillery