Historic Environment Study
2. The Transitional South
November 2012 Final Draft
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Contents
Page No
Copyright Data Protection Notice ......................................................................... 2
Contents ............................................................................................................. 3
List of Figures ..................................................................................................... 4
General Overview ............................................................................................... 5
1. Geology and Topography ............................................................................. 7
2. Listed Buildings ............................................................................................ 9
3. Buildings At Risk ........................................................................................ 11
4. Conservation Areas .................................................................................... 13
5. Scheduled Monuments ............................................................................... 19
6. Historic Environment Record....................................................................... 21
7. Historic Landscape Character Assessment ................................................. 27
8. Parishes within the Transitional South......................................................... 31
8.1 Calow ................................................................................................. 31
8.2 Clay Cross ........................................................................................... 34
8.3 Grassmoor, Hasland and Winsick......................................................... 36
8.4 Heath and Holmewood......................................................................... 39
8.5 Morton ................................................................................................. 42
8.6 North Wingfield .................................................................................... 45
8.7 Pilsley.................................................................................................. 47
8.8 Shirland and Higham ........................................................................... 50
8.9 Stretton ............................................................................................... 54
8.10Sutton-cum-Duckmanton...................................................................... 57
8.11Temple Normanton .............................................................................. 60
8.12Tupton................................................................................................. 62
8.13Wingerworth ........................................................................................ 64
9. Conclusions .................................................................................................. 68
References ....................................................................................................... 72
Acronyms.......................................................................................................... 72
Appendices ....................................................................................................... 74
Appendix A Conservation Areas at Risk 2012 .................................................... 75
Appendix B Calow Maps.................................................................................... 83
Appendix C Clay Cross Map .............................................................................. 84
Appendix D Grassmoor, Hasland and Winsick Maps .......................................... 87
Appendix E Heath and Holmewood Maps .......................................................... 88
Appendix F Morton Maps................................................................................... 91
Appendix G North Wingfield Maps ..................................................................... 95
Appendix H Pilsley Maps ................................................................................... 97
Appendix I Shirland and Higham Maps .............................................................101
Appendix J Stretton Maps.................................................................................103
Appendix K Sutton-cum-Duckmanton Maps ......................................................105
Appendix L Temple Normanton Maps ...............................................................108
Appendix M Tupton Maps .................................................................................109
Appendix N Wingerworth Maps.........................................................................111
Appendix O HER Sites .....................................................................................113
3
List of Figures
Figure
Page
Figure 1 Listed Buildings ......................................................................................... 9
Figure 2 Table of Listed Buildings by Grade and by Parish .................................... 10
Figure 3 Table of DCC Buildings at Risk in the Transitional South.......................... 11
Figure 4 Map and Table of Listed Buildings at Risk................................................ 12
Figure 5 A Map and Table of Conservation Areas in the Transitional South ............ 13
Figure 6 Conservation Area Character Statements ................................................ 14
Figure 7 Chart of Conservation Area statistics adoption and review dates .............. 14
Figure 8 No of Planning Applications by Conservation Area ................................... 16
Figure 9 No of Applications received by Conservation Area ................................... 17
Figure 10 Table to Show the Size of Each Conservation Area ................................ 17
Figure 11 English Heritage Conservation Areas at Risk Assessment 2012 ............. 18
Figure 12 Scheduled Monuments .......................................................................... 19
Figure 13 Table of Scheduled Monuments in the Transitional South....................... 20
Figure 14 Historic Environment Records................................................................ 21
Figure 15 The number and type of HER sites by Parish ......................................... 22
Figure 16 Churches recorded in the HER in the Transitional South ........................ 23
Figure 17 Approximate number of Cruck Buildings in Derbyshire by District ........... 24
Figure 19 Arkwright Railway Station 1955 ............................................................. 25
Figure 20 Back to Back Terraces 1995 .................................................................. 25
Figure 21 Table of HERs in the Transitional South by type, number and parish
compared to District totals..................................................................................... 26
Figure 22 Historic Landscape Characterisation Map .............................................. 27
Figure 23 Calow Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map ...................... 31
Figure 24 Clay Cross Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map ............... 34
Figure 25 Grassmoor, Hasland and Winsick Parish – Historic Landscape
Characterisation Map ............................................................................................ 36
Figure 26 Heath and Holmewood Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map
............................................................................................................................ 39
Figure 27 Morton Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map ..................... 42
Figure 28 North Wingfield Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map ........ 45
Figure 29 Shirland and Higham Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map 50
Figure 30 Ancient field systems around Shirland, Higham and Stonebroom ........... 52
Figure 31 Stretton Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map.................... 54
Figure 32 Sutton-cum-Duckmanton Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation
Map...................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 33 Temple Normanton Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map .. 60
Figure 34 Tupton Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map ..................... 62
Figure 35 Wingerworth Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map ............ 64
4
General Overview
The Transitional South contains the 13 Parishes of Calow, Clay Cross, Grassmoor,
Hasland and Winsick, Heath and Holmewood, Morton, North Wingfield, Pilsley,
Shirland and Higham, Stretton, Sutton-cum-Duckmanton, Temple Normanton,
Tupton and Wingerworth. With a high number of settlements the Transitional South
contains 46% of the total population of the district however it contains only one major
town that of Clay Cross.
Early history of this area prior to the Industrial Revolution and the development of the
railways to exploit coal found in the area revolve around Clay Lane. This was a small
hamlet within the larger Parish of North Wingfield. Clay Lane is not mentioned in the
Domesday Book and Clay Cross as a settlement, in its own right, rapidly established
as an industrial town during the second half of the 19th Century. North Wingfield,
together with many of the other settlements in the area, is a village recorded in the
Domesday Book of 1086. North Wingfield is recorded as Winnefelt. Similarly the
village of Calow was recorded as ‘Kalehal’ meaning the bare corn of the land.
Grassmoor in the Parish of Grassmoor, Hasland and Winsick is recorded as Grey
Copse. Where the village of Heath is now situated is recorded in the Domesday
Book as two settlements ‘the two Lunts’ which is the Danish word meaning a clearing
in the woodland. The evolution of the name to Heath went from Lunt to Lund, to
Lound alias Heth and finally to Heath. Morton, noted as Mortune, is mentioned in the
Domesday Book as being one of the Manors of Walter D’Aincourt and it is known to
be in existence prior to the Norman Survey as it was mentioned in a will by Wulfric
Spott of 1002. Pilsley is recorded as Pinnesleig. Whilst the name Higham is of
Saxon origin and not mentioned in the Domesday Book, Shirland, recorded as
Sirelunt, is mentioned as belonging to William Perverel (illegitimate son of William the
Conqueror) and being in existence prior to the Norman Conquest.
Stretton was
recorded as Stratune and owned by Ralph Fitzhubert and also in existence prior to
the Conquest. Sutton Scarsdale is noted as Sudtune in the ownership of Roger de
Poitou, Finally Temple Normanton recorded as Normantune, Tupton, recorded as
Topetune and Wingerworth, recorded as Wingreurde are all noted as being part of
the Land of the King.
The fact that a town is recorded in the Domesday Book is simply a means of
surveying, and thus valuing it, along with all settlements in England (south of the
5
rivers Ribble and Tees which defined the boundary with Scotland), but the context is
such that, at the time, these were established settlements. This record gives no
indication of how long the settlement may have been in existence prior to this.
6
1.
Geology and Topography
This area witnessed the expansion of many small villages and settlements during the
19th Century due to the underlying geological characteristics. This area falls within
the Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire Coalfield. Described in Derbyshire
County Council’s Landscape Character of Derbyshire as an area of densely settled
and industrial lowland characterised by mining settlements, mixed farming and
woodland.
Although all of the coal mines have now ceased operation and the
mined landscapes are now green, the widespread industrialisation through coal and
mineral extraction has had a significant impact on the landscape. The A61 main road
running south to Alfreton and Derby is a natural ridge of high land that separates the
coalfield area from the wooded farmlands to the west.
The underlying geology was formed by extensive swamps on the edge of a warm
tropical sea around 350 million years ago. The bands of sandstone, shale, mudstone
and coal are collectively known as Coal Measures which have been formed by a
process of vegetation growth and sediment deposition that have become fossilised,
uplifted and folded. This forms the characteristic ridges and valleys of this area.
The Transitional South is made up of both Pennine Middle Coal Measures and
Pennine Lower Coal Measures Sandstone.
It has a gently undulating landform
reflecting the alternating bands of sandstone, shale, mudstone and coal. Visually
prominent medieval strip fields occur around the urban fringes of North Wingfield,
Pilsley, Shirland and Higham.
Older properties are built out of characteristic local sandstones however the primary
period of development has taken place since the 19th Century and as such red brick
Victorian buildings are dominant in places like Clay Cross.
As noted in the
Landscape Character of Derbyshire “this is a settled landscape characterised by
towns, many villages and a moderate dispersal of farmsteads. The historic cores of
villages are constructed in local coal measures sandstone.
Later extensions of
terraces in brickwork to house colliers and their families give a clear indication of how
the landscape has developed over time”.
Whilst the geologically similar constrained north is richer in post-medieval industrial
archaeology as noted in Chapter 1, the higher levels of coal in the south has resulted
in extensive mineral extraction. As a result much archaeological potential has been
7
removed following significant areas of opencast mining. Little sustained history of
research and investigation has lead to a lack of information of earlier periods for this
area.
8
2.
Listed Buildings
There are 124 listed buildings in the Transitional South which is 25% of the District
total. Out of this there are 2 Grade I, 4 Grade II* and 118 Grade II listed buildings.
The map below in Figure 1 shows the spread of Listed Buildings in the Transitional
South.
Other than settlements like Higham and Sutton Scarsdale which contain
smaller clusters of listed buildings there is no distinct pattern and the spread of listed
buildings is fairly even across this area from Wingerworth down to the southern
boundary.
Sutton Scarsdale
Higham
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Figure 1 Listed Buildings
9
The highest concentration of listed buildings can be found in the Parish of Shirland
and Higham, whilst this does not have any Grade I listed buildings it does have a
Grade II* listed building, that of the Church of St Leonard in Shirland that dates back
to the 15th Century. It also has almost 8% of all listed buildings in the District and just
over 30% of all listed buildings in the Transitional South. Only 25% of all Grade I
listed buildings are within the Transitional South, as highlighted in the table at Figure
2 below.
Parish
Calow
Clay Cross
Grassmoor
Heath and
Holmewood
Morton
North
Wingfield
Pilsley
Shirland and
Higham
Stretton
Sutton-cumDuckmanton
Temple
Normanton
Tupton
Wingerworth
Total
Grade I
This
District
Area
0
0
0
Grade II*
This
District
Area
0
0
0
Grade II
This
District
Area
2
12
1
Total
This
Area
2
12
1
0
0
7
7
0
1
(12.5%)
0
1
4
5
0
10
11
0
1
(12.5%)
0
1
(4.34%)
0
1
(4.34%)
3
37
(8.09%)
9
3
38
(7.80%)
9
0
0
0
8
23
0
457
9
11
0
0
0
5
5
1
0
19
20
(4.34%)
2
4
118
124
(25%)
(17.39%)
(25.82%)
(25.46%)
Figure 2 Table of Listed Buildings by Grade and by Parish
10
District
487
3.
Buildings At Risk
On the Derbyshire County Council’s 2012 ‘Buildings a Risk’ (BAR) register there are
8 buildings recorded for this area, all of which are listed buildings. Out of the 35
buildings for the District, this represents 22.8% of the total. The National ‘Heritage at
Risk’ Register held by English Heritage records 1 Listed Building for North East
Derbyshire as ‘at risk’, however this does not fall within the ‘Transitional South’. The
County BAR register requires regular updating and where some buildings are no
longer at risk there are likely to be others that are not recorded.
Parish
Calow
Clay Cross
Grassmoor, Hasland and Winsick
Heath and Holmewood
Morton
North Wingfield
Pilsley
Shirland and Higham
Stretton
Sutton-cum-Duckmanton
Temple Normanton
Tupton
Wingerworth
Total
2012 DCC Listed Buildings ‘At Risk’
This Area
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
0
0
0
8 (22.8%)
District
35
Figure 3 Table of DCC Buildings at Risk in the Transitional South
As highlighted in Figure 3 above the Transitional South contains over 22% of all the
DCC Buildings at Risk in the District. The map and table in Figure 4 below show the
location of and grades of the listed buildings on the local ‘at risk’ register.
11
LB/420
LB/419
LB/299
LB/360
LB/365
LB/411
LB/350
LB/382
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Ref
LB/299
Building
Address
Parish
Grade
Owlcotes Farm
Shire Lane, Heath
Heath and Holmewood
II
II
Main Road, Morton
Morton
LB/360
Miners Welfare, Morton
Manor
The Elms
Bright Street, North Wingfield
North Wingfield
II
LB/365
Farmhouse
Morton Road, Pilsley
Pilsley
II
LB/382
Mill, Higham Dairy Farm
Bumpmill Lane, Higham
Shirland and Higham
II
LB/411
Boundary Wall & Pigeoncote
Garden wall & gate piers
(Scarsdale to Hall)
Icehouse, Sutton Scarsdale
Crow Lane, Ogston
Stretton
II
Sutton Lane, Sutton Scarsdale
Sutton Scarsdale
II
Sutton Lane, Sutton Scarsdale
Sutton Scarsdale
II
LB/350
LB/419
LB/420
Figure 4 Map and Table of Listed Buildings at Risk.
12
4.
Conservation Areas
There are 6 Conservation Areas within the Transitional South. The map and table
below in Figure 5 shows the general spread and location of Conservation Areas in
this area.
CA/25
CA/15
CA/21
CA/30
CA/16
CA/19
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No
CA/16
CA/15
CA/21
CA/19
CA/25
CA/30
Conservation Area
Higham
Heath
North Wingfield
Morton
Sutton Scarsdale
Clay Cross
Adopted
1968
1976
1987
1990
1990
2010
Figure 5 A Map and Table of Conservation Areas in the Transitional South
13
All of the Conservation Areas in the Transitional South fall partly within settlements,
none are wholly within the countryside. Sutton Scarsdale falls part within the defined
settlement of Sutton Scarsdale but all the others are within settlements. Only 3 have
Character Statements, as seen in Figure 6 below, which provide a level of detail and
assessment of their historical importance, however only Clay Cross is fully up to date.
Both the Higham and Heath Character Statements are now 11 years old. North
Wingfield is the only Conservation Area to have been assessed for buildings worthy
of an Article 4(2) Direction. The current Conservation Areas predominantly cover the
oldest or most historically important and best preserved areas of each Parish with the
notable exceptions of Wingerworth and Shirland, which, as identified above, have a
history at least as long as most of the main settlements.
Figure 6 Conservation Area Character Statements
2010
Year
2000
1990
1980
1970
1960
Higham
Heath
North
Wingfield
Adopted
Morton
Sutton
Scarsdale
Clay Cross
Reviewed
Figure 7 Chart of Conservation Area statistics adoption and review dates
14
The pressure for change in Conservation Areas comes from a number of sources.
Where buildings are not listed then Permitted Development Rights, in terms of private
dwellings, and permitted Changes of Use for businesses or Deemed Consent for
Advertisements, for example, can erode the original character and appearance of
Conservation Areas. The removal of Permitted Development rights for potentially
unsympathetic alterations can ensure the Local Planning Authority retains control
over original architectural details.
This can be achieved through seeking formal
designation through the listing process, if they fulfil the listing criteria, or through an
assessment for an Article 4(2) Direction. Where new development is proposed then
high quality architectural details could be protected through conditions (providing they
meet the relevant tests for conditions), which could remove some of the buildings’
Permitted Development Rights. Only the North Wingfield Conservation Area has
been assessed for Article 4(2) Directions. Figure 7 above shows adoption dates for
each Conservation Area together with review dates for those which have previously
been reviewed
In addition to authorised changes there is also change occurring through
unauthorised development and all Conservation Areas in the Transitional South have
known enforcement issues.
Because the Conservation Areas have not been
regularly reviewed it is likely that there are a far greater number of both authorised
and unauthorised changes that have taken place since the Conservation Area was
adopted or last reviewed.
A third aspect of change comes from proposed new development which may seek to
demolish or infill within or adjacent to Conservation Area boundaries. As the Local
Planning Authority has a shortfall of housing land this pressure often comes from
sites which could potentially come forward for housing development. The Strategic
Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA), a study which seeks to identify
potential housing land, has identified a number of sites that could potentially affect
the character and appearance of Conservation Areas. Where such pressures are
known then there may be sufficient justification to prioritise a review of the
Conservation Areas affected.
As part of the process of establishing a priority list for Conservation Area review it is
necessary to assess whether certain Conservation Areas generate higher numbers
of planning applications and whether a review is justified ahead of other
15
Conservation Areas, where there is little or no development pressure. Figure 8
below, shows the amount of planning applications received per Conservation Area.
Higham is a relatively compact Conservation Area boundary focused on an urban
area. It covers just over 11 hectares and contains a high proportion of listed
buildings, however the Sutton Scarsdale Conservation Area covers 143 hectares of
which only a relatively small part is urban and it contains only a small number of
Listed Buildings.
Conservation
Area
Morton
Sutton
Scarsdale
Heath
Higham
North
Wingfield
Clay Cross
Total
2009
This
Area
Transitional
South Total
2010
Percentage
This
Area
0
0
0
5
1.17%
6
9
1.41%
2.12%
5
1.17%
0
25
0
5.8%
424
Transitional
South Total
2011
Percentage
This
Area
0
1
0.2%
6
1.27%
0
0%
10
11
2.13%
2.34%
6
4
2
0.42%
7
1.7%
3
32
0.63%
6.8%
6
1.4%
24
5.9%
469
Transitional
South Total
Percentage
1.4%
0.9%
405
Figure 8 No of Planning Applications by Conservation Area
As can be seen in the table in Figure 8 above and the chart in Figure 9 below in 2009
a total of 424 applications were received for the Transitional South of which just 5.8%
related to development in Conservation Areas.
In 2010 469 applications were
received of which 6.8% related to development in Conservation Areas. In 2011 the
total number of applications received for this area dropped to 405 of which only
around 5.9% were applications that related to Conservation Areas.
This
Conservation Area that generated the highest number of applications was North
Wingfield.
12
10
Number
8
6
4
2
0
Morton
Sutton
Scarsdale
Heath
Higham
Conservation Area
2009
16
2010
2011
North
Wingfield
Clay Cross
Figure 9 No of Applications received by Conservation Area
Whilst the number relating to each Conservation Area is not particularly significant, it
is interesting to compare the size of each Conservation Area to the number of
applications received and to the ratio between the numbers of properties compared
to the number of Listed Buildings.
Figure 10 below shows the size of each
Conservation Area in the Transitional South. Whilst Clay Cross has a high proportion
of properties and covers the 3rd largest area, it was only established in 2010.
Whereas Sutton Scarsdale covers by far the largest area, it is distinctly rural in
character with only the settlement of Sutton Scarsdale within its boundaries. Whilst
this may due to the size (counting the number of applications in a larger area will
inevitably be higher than if you count the number of applications in a smaller area), it
is important to understand whether this higher number of applications is due to the
Conservation Area designation or just because it covers such a large area.
Conservation Area size (hectares)
160
140
No of Hectares
120
100
80
60
40
20
Clay Cross
North
Wingfield
Higham
Heath
Sutton
Scarsdale
Morton
0
Conservation Area
Figure 10 Table to Show the Size of Each Conservation Area
It is recommended that this could be monitored for the purposes of future
assessment of Conservation Area review. However in the meantime it is considered
that the English Heritage Conservation Areas at Risk, which is an annual return
completed by the Local Planning Authority, is used as an indicator of those areas
currently in decline.
In addition studies such as the Strategic Housing Land
Availability Assessment (SHLAA) along with areas identified as having high
development pressure, through the emerging Local Plan, should be used to
17
determine those Conservation Areas most at risk, in decline or likely to see
development pressure in the near future. The full 2012 assessment of ‘Conservation
Areas at Risk’ for North East Derbyshire is attached at Appendix A; however Figure
11 below shows the basic risk assessment of Conservation Areas in this area.
Conservation
Area
Article
4(2)
Direction
Current
Condition
Vulnerability
Initial Risk Assessment
(condition/vulnerability,
pre-trajectory/trend)
Trajectory
Final Risk
Assessment
Final Risk
Assessment
2012
Final Risk
Assessment
2011
Clay Cross
Town Centre
No
Very bad
Medium
At Risk
Improving
At Risk
At Risk
Not at Risk
Heath
No
Optimal
Medium
Not At Risk
No
significant
change
Not At Risk
Not at Risk
Not at Risk
Higham
No
Optimal
Low
Not At Risk
No
significant
change
Not At Risk
Not at Risk
Not at Risk
Morton
No
Poor
Medium
Not At Risk
No
significant
change
Not At Risk
Not at Risk
Not at Risk
North
Wingfield
Yes
Poor
Medium
Not At Risk
Improving
significantly
Not At Risk
Not at Risk
Not at Risk
Sutton
Scarsdale
No
Optimal
Medium
Not At Risk
No
significant
change
Not At Risk
Not at Risk
Not at Risk
Figure 11 English Heritage Conservation Areas at Risk Assessment 2012
18
5.
Scheduled Monuments
There are 33 monuments recorded on the National Schedule of Monuments in North
East Derbyshire. The map in Figure 12 below shows the 3 locations of Scheduled
Monuments in the Transitional South.
SM/33
SM/31
SM/32
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copy, sub-license, distribute or sell any of this date to third parties in any form. Use of this data is
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Figure 12 Scheduled Monuments
Scheduled Monuments are not ranked or graded for importance in the same way as
Listed Buildings. The current legislation, the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological
19
Areas Act 1979, supports a formal system of Scheduled Monument Consent for any
work to a designated monument. The table in Figure 13 below lists all the Scheduled
Monuments in the Transitional South.
No
Site Name
Parish
SM/31
Sutton Scarsdale Hall
Sutton-cum
Duckmanton
SM/32
SM/33
Section of Ryknield Street Roman road 220m north east of
Tupton
Pear Tree Farm, Tupton
Section of Ryknield Street 80yds (70m) long north of Red lead
Wingerworth
mill Brook, Wingerworth
Figure 13 Table of Scheduled Monuments in the Transitional South
The remains of a stretch of the Roman road known as Ryknield Street in the Parish
of Wingerworth was identified on the English Heritage at Risk Register 2010. This
notes that it is declining with extensive and significant collapse under plough. It is
located on private land and used for arable crops which are ploughed annually.
Cultivation is undoubtedly one of the biggest threats to the archaeological heritage,
and it is, of course, not subject to regulatory control by the planning process. In order
to attempt to reverse the decline of these sites English Heritage work closely with
DEFRA (Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), Natural England
and the farmers to incentivise a more benign land use. This is often sought through
arable reversion, or minimum tillage techniques typically through Natural England’s
Environmental Stewardship scheme. Such negotiations have been undertaken with
the land owner for this ‘at risk’ stretch of Ryknield Street and as a result this site has
been removed from the 2011 update of the Heritage at Risk register.
20
6.
Historic Environment Record
The Historic Environment Record is an information service that seeks to provide
access to comprehensive and dynamic resources relating to the historic environment
of a defined geographic area. There are approximately 194 HER sites within the
Transitional South, just over a 25% of all HERs within North East Derbyshire. The
map in Figure 14 below shows the location within this area.
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are not permitted to copy, sub-license, distribute or sell any of this date to third
parties in any form. Use of this data is ‘subject to terms and conditions’
Figure 14 Historic Environment Records
As the HER is a dynamic resource it is updated annually as further information is
discovered and added. This can happen when previously unknown heritage assets
21
are uncovered or the significance of a site is revealed through archaeological
watching following development. The number of individual records for any particular
area does vary considerably. It may depend on many factors including the amount of
development and therefore investigation below ground, or lack of, as well as the
underlying geology which may either preserve or mask archaeology.
The main source of evidence for their understanding is the fabric and content of the
remains themselves, their ‘evidential value’.
It is important therefore that this is
understood and taken into account when considering development proposals or
allocating land for future development of the district.
The National Planning Policy
Framework makes it clear that all heritage assets, whether designated or not, are a
material consideration in the planning process. The NPPF requires Local Planning
Authorities to use the HER as evidence to assess the type, numbers, distribution,
significance and condition of heritage assets and the contribution that they may make
to their environment now and in the future. The term heritage asset includes both
designated and non-designated assets. The chart in Figure 15 below breaks down
the HER sites within this area by parish. A full list of HER sites in the Transitional
South is attached at Appendix O.
30
Number
25
20
15
10
5
Sh
i rl
an
d
an
d
H
ig
Su
ha
tto
m
nSt
cu
re
m
tto
-D
n
uc
Te
km
m
an
pl
to
e
n
No
rm
an
to
n
Tu
pt
W
on
in
ge
rw
or
th
Pi
ls
le
y
ld
W
in
gf
ie
or
to
n
M
No
rth
oo
d
Ho
lm
d
an
th
He
a
ew
sm
oo
r
C
ro
ss
G
ra
s
C
la
y
C
al
ow
0
Parish
Monuments
Buildings
Findspots
Figure 15 The number and type of HER sites by Parish
The types of Buildings recorded can assist in understanding the development of a
place. Over all the Parishes within the Transitional South there are 8 churches on
the HER.
These include St Bartholomew’s Church in Clay Cross and All Saints
22
Church in Heath both by the notable Derby architect H. I. Stevens and date to the
mid 19th Century. St Lawrence’s Church in North Wingfield and All Saint’s Church in
Wingerworth are both Grade I Listed Buildings that are significantly older dating back
to the 12th Century. St Leonard’s Church in Shirland dates back to the 15th Century
and is a Grade II* Listed Building.
St Peter and St Paul’s Church in Long
Duckmanton is not a listed building. It dates back to the 19th Century but is situated
on the site of a former medieval church. The chart in Figure 16 below shows the
dates of churches on the HER.
25
Century
20
20
19
19
19
15
15
14
12
12
10
5
0
All Saint s
All Saint s
St
St Pet er and St
St Leonar d's
St Mary's
All Saint s
St Lawrence
Chur ch, Temple
Church, Heat h
Bar t holomews
Pauls Chur ch,
Chur ch,
Church, Sut t on
Church,
Church, Nor t h
Church, Clay
Duckmant on
Shirland
Scar sdale
Winger wor t h
Wingf ield
Normant on
Cross
Church
Figure 16 Churches recorded in the HER in the Transitional South
In addition to churches there are 5 cruck-framed buildings these include the
Thatched Cottage at Heath, a Grade II Listed Building, which dates back to the 17th
Century or earlier.
Bull Farmhouse and Well Farm with attached Barn both in
Higham and Grade II Listed Buildings that date back to the 15th Century. A barn with
attached walls at Hurst Lane, Ogston is a 17th Century cruck barn in the Parish of
Stretton and a barn at Egstow Hall in Tupton Parish is a 15th Century cruck barn.
In 1981 the Vernacular Architecture Group (VAG) compiled a study that highlighted
over 3,000 cruck building in England. For Derbyshire this identifies that there are
approximately 161 cruck buildings including true crucks, upper crucks and possible
crucks. Further assessment of this database identifies there are a significantly high
proportion of cruck buildings in North East Derbyshire.
Accounting for known
demolition and excluding possible duplications there are approximately 62 cruck
frame buildings remaining in the District (39.75%).
Out of these 41 are now
recognised for their importance and are listed buildings. The chart below in Figure
23
17 sets out the distribution of cruck buildings in Derbyshire per District. Out of those
identified for North East Derbyshire 5 are within the Transitional South.
District
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
or
th
Sh
ef
fie
ld
er
by
sh
ire
D
N
So
ut
h
Ea
st
D
er
by
sh
i re
Pe
ak
ig
h
H
Er
ew
as
h
al
es
D
er
by
D
er
by
sh
ire
D
he
st
er
fie
ld
Bo
ls
ov
er
C
Am
be
rV
al
le
y
0
Demolished (1981)
Remaining
Figure 17 Approximate number of Cruck Buildings in Derbyshire1 by District
In addition to cruck buildings and churches and particularly
notable for this area are several sites of workers villages
that were associated with collieries and railway workers.
Whilst this area has been dominated by industry in the
same way as the north of the district this analysis suggests
that later 19th and 20th Century coalfield and opencasting
in the south has had a far greater influence resulting in
wholesale landscape changes. Development of ‘ideal’ or
Figure 18 Memorial
Plaque at Arkwright
‘model’ villages is characteristic of the coalfield areas of
North Derbyshire. In the Transitional South the HER identifies a number of sites
many of which still exist. In particular at Bonds Main, Temple Normanton which is a
colliery workers village of the late 19th Century and early 20th Century. Similarly at
Holmewood there is a colliery workers village of the same period.
Also at
Holmewood there is a row of terraced railway workers cottages that date back to the
early 19th Century. These were built to house workers of the Great Central Railway.
At Arkwright an entire colliery town was demolished in the 1990s due to emissions of
methane gas. The original Arkwright Town including all the houses, village school,
1
At the time the VAG study took place the boundary between Derbyshire and Sheffield was further north than the
present boundary line. Those identified as Sheffield were in Derbyshire at the time.
24
working men’s institute, Methodist chapel, railway station and a hotel were
demolished and a new town was built on the opposite side of the road to the north of
the old Town. The original village site is now planted with trees and a memorial
plaque marks the site, as seen in Figure 18 above. It is recorded on the HER as a
workers village and the photos in Figures 19 and 20 below show historic images of
the village.
Figure 19 Arkwright Railway Station 1955
Figure 20 Back to Back Terraces 1995
The Monuments on the HER within the Transitional South highlight a high proportion
of industrial related sites relating to ironworks, brickworks, collieries, mine shafts,
mills, waterwheels, iron smelting, foundries and blast furnaces. This suggests that a
large amount of development is likely to have taken place during or around the time
of the Industrial Revolution. However there are 122 monuments on the HER which
highlight a long history of occupation in this area that pre-date this period. These
include crop marks of ridge and furrow ploughing in Grassmoor. Ridge and furrow is
a medieval farming method dating from the post-Roman period up to the 17th
Century. In Heath there is a deserted settlement that is thought to date back to the
medieval period and a linear feature and ring ditch, which is likely to be significantly
older. There is a record of a rectangular enclosure and a medieval moated site in
North Wingfield. The monuments recorded on the HER provide significant evidence
that highlights a long and varied occupation of the landscape of this part of North
East Derbyshire.
The record of findspots on the HER adds further evidence to an occupation of the
landscape for a period in excess of 2000 years. Ranging from a Bronze age coin
hoard to a Roman coin hoard of over 1300 coins. From a Viking silver coin and
smaller collections of coin finds to lead tokens. The discovery of coins provides
datable evidence of occupation and gives a good indication of trade taking place in
25
the area.
The record of quern stones (stone tools for hand grinding crops) may
suggest an arable economy but also trade and exchange.
Earlier occupation is
evidenced through numerous finds of flints, axes and arrowheads including microliths
which suggests occupation back to the Mesolithic (middle stone age) period.
As noted in Brightman and Waddington 2010 “The scale of post-medieval and
modern industrial activity has undoubtedly had a detrimental effect on the
archaeological remains of earlier periods, but the limited fieldwork undertaken on this
landform has illustrated that there are surviving remains” (Brightman and
Waddington, 2010).
Figure 21 shows a table of HERs by Parish within the
Transitional South compared to the District total.
400
350
Wingerwo rth
300
Tupto n
Temp le Normant on
Sutto n-cum-Duckmanton
Number
250
Stret ton
Shirland and Higham
200
Pilsley
No rth Wingfield
M orto n
150
Heat h and Holmewo od
Grassmoo r, H&W
100
Clay Cross
Calow
50
0
This Area
District
Monuments
This Area
District
Findspots
This Area
District
Buildings
Figure 21 Table of HERs in the Transitional South by type, number and parish compared to District
totals
26
7.
Historic Landscape Character Assessment
The County Council’s study of the Historic Landscape was undertaken in 1996 and
produced maps identifying ‘dominant’ historic character retained in the landscape to
the present day.
The map in Figure 22 below shows the historic landscape
characterisation for the Transitional South.
© Crown Copyright and database right 2013. Ordnance Survey 100019665. You
are not permitted to copy, sub-license, distribute or sell any of this date to third
parties in any form. Use of this data is ‘subject to terms and conditions’
Figure 22 Historic Landscape Characterisation Map
27
It is primarily based on the evidence of historic maps from the 17th Century, where
available, to the present day. Outside the settlements the ‘dominant’ character areas
for the Transitional South have been set out below. Whilst much of this has been
undateable (bright pink) there are pockets of significant historical interest particularly
relating to industrial practices (yellow) and small areas that retain ancient fossilised
strip systems (red).
The towns and villages (pale pink) are identified as urban. In
overlaying the Historic Landscape Character data with the underlying geology it
appears that the pink land ‘enclosures of unknown date’ roughly tie up with the
Pennine Lower Coal Measures bedrock. Generally land that was enclosed is likely to
have been of a high value.
The industrial side of the Transitional South has taken place primarily to the east
side. This landscape lies over the Pennine Middle Coal Measures bedrock. This
continuous working of the landscape has resulted in a noticeable patchwork of
historic landscape characteristics.
The pre-industrial landscape appears to have
been largely a landscape of hamlets and scattered farms rather than big nucleated
villages. However it has subsequently been much altered by industrial development
and housing linking older settlement cores, for example between Clay Cross, Tupton,
North Wingfield and Holmewood. There is also a relatively neat split between the
south and the west of the area, dominated by medieval and other early enclosure,
and the north and east, where ‘post 1650’ enclosures dominate. In many cases
these ‘post 1650’ enclosures represent rebuilding of field systems in the 19th and 20th
Centuries following industrial activity and development including the construction of
the M1 motorway. The split appears therefore to reflect a difference in the more
recent intensity of industrial and development activity within the south, between the
south and west and north and east.
Enclosure of unknown date with irregular fields
This is the dominant classification of land found across this area but principally to the
west and south. It is generally of irregular shaped or sub-rectangular fields for which
there is no historical map reference by which to date its enclosure. The assumption
is that these are likely to be early in date and probably pre-date the period of
Parliamentary Enclosure. The ‘unknown date’ simply stems from the fact that there is
no historic map evidence for the date of enclosure, either because there was no
Enclosure Act for a parish or because an area does not appear within an Enclosure
28
plan (thus suggesting that it was already enclosed). Most of these areas therefore
represent early enclosure, either fossilisation of earlier medieval strip fields or
piecemeal early post-medieval enclosure. This area appears to be dominated by
early piecemeal enclosure with only a few areas specifically identified ‘Parliamentary
Enclosure Act’ landscape.
Post-1650 Enclosures with irregular fields
At the end of the medieval period much of the open ‘common’ land became enclosed
by Act of Parliament. This land was enclosed privately either in a piecemeal fashion
without formal agreement or where the enclosure was planned but no enclosure map
survives. There are many pockets of this classification throughout the district but
principally to the east and north.
Ancient Enclosure fossilised strip systems
The larger areas of land under this classification can be found to the south around
Shirland and Higham, to the east of North Wingfield with smaller areas of land
scattered throughout the district. Generally this land has been identified as medieval
in origin but has been classified as land enclosed or farmed as open cultivation
strips, prior to 1650. These fossilised strips area clearly defined narrow parcels of
land enclosed by boundaries, each field with a distinctive narrow shape, with
bounded sounds that retain the characteristic reserve-S form.
Industrial
Mainly covering transportation routes, industrial estates and colliery sites this land is
found in small patches throughout the district with a few larger sites to the centre and
north side of this area.
Reclaimed Land
South of Clay Cross this is a large area of land identified as ‘reclaimed’ which is used
to describe areas of opencast mining.
Described as common land enclosed by
parliamentary act with the enclosures removed by mining operations after 1835.
29
There are two smaller areas to the north of Grassmoor which are also noted as being
opencast mining sites.
30
8. Parishes within the Transitional South
8.1
Calow
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permitted to copy, sub-license, distribute or sell
any of this date to third parties in any form. Use
of this data is ‘subject to terms and conditions’
Figure 23 Calow Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map
31
1.
Post-1650 Enclosures with irregular fields
This is the predominant land classification in Calow Parish.
There are very few
heritage designations within this Parish and the HER is also limited. The only record
within this landscape type lies to the west side and close to the boundary with
Chesterfield Borough.
This is a small HER polygon identifying an earlier road
surface that was discovered during coal extraction in 1956. It is noted that it was 3
metres wide by 4 metres in length and discovered 300mm below the surface. No
details are given as to what period this road dates from.
2.
Enclosures of unknown date with irregular fields
There are 3 main areas under this classification; to the south, east and north-west of
the Parish. To the north west there is a HER site recorded as a findspot of 5 lead
tokens. These were found at the side of a footpath before 2000 and are noted to be
possibly of 17th or 18th Century origin and of unknown function. Running through the
Parish from east to west and cutting through both the north-west and eastern area of
land is a HER site recorded as the route of the Lancashire, Derbyshire and East
Coast Railway. It is noted as a railway that mostly carried coal, opened in 1897 and
closed by 1957, now dismantled.
3.
Industrial
The most obvious designation is the route of the Lancashire, Derbyshire and East
Coast Railway, as noted above, this runs through the Parish. A smaller designation
can be found to the south-west of the centre which is recorded as an electricity substation that was established after 1900. Further towards the south-west boundary is
a smaller industrial designation which is the site of Calow iron foundry which is
marked on maps from the 19th Century.
This is also recorded on the HER as
appearing on maps from 1835 but probably used for housing by 1997.
4.
Ancient Enclosures fossilised strip systems
There are three areas identified as having ancient enclosures. To the south along
the south-west boundary noted as a surviving area of enclosed open field the internal
boundary of which was removed during the 20th Century. Centrally and to the west
32
boundary there is a small area of land noted as a surviving fragment of open field
established at some point between 1682 and 1835. Similarly a slightly larger area
can be found towards the centre of the Parish which is noted as a surviving area of
open enclosed field showing only minor changes between 1835 and 1997.
5.
Managed plantation/woodland
There are multiple areas of small managed woodlands throughout Calow.
The
largest one lies to the north of the district on the boundary with Chesterfield Borough.
This is known locally as West Wood and it first appears on maps from 1835
extending further north-west by 1900. The most notable wooded site is that towards
the west boundary which surrounds an industrial site of the Calow Iron Foundry,
recorded on the HER. The record notes that the woodland was established between
1835 and 1900 and by 1990 maps were recording it as the location for the target for
the rifle range immediately to the south-west. Other than West Wood none of the
other areas of woodland are named.
6.
Recreational
There are two adjoining fields under this classification. To the southern boundary of
the village envelope for Calow with one within the boundary, Eastwood Park, and one
to the south outside the boundary, a sports/recreation ground. These are both noted
as being established after 1900.
Appendix B contains a map of HER sites within Calow Parish and a full list of HER
features for this area is attached at Appendix O.
33
8.2
Clay Cross
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are not permitted to copy, sub-license, distribute or sell any of this date to third
parties in any form. Use of this data is ‘subject to terms and conditions’
Figure 24 Clay Cross Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map
1.
Post-1650 Enclosures with irregular fields
To the north-east corner is a concentration of this land classification stemming from
the centre of the parish between the two main settlements. This contains a number
of HER sites including the route of the Ashover light railway which ran between 1925
and 1950 and was established by the Clay Cross Company. Running from north to
south is the route of the Derby to Sheffield turnpike road which is noted as being one
of the earlier turnpike roads in Derbyshire, authorised in 1756. To the far north,
along the boundary with Tupton Parish is a HER site of a mound noted as a possible
site of a gazebo or windmill. Also running from north to south is the line Ryknield
Street, Roman Road. This runs from the south boundary to the north boundary of the
Parish.
2.
Enclosures of unknown date with irregular fields
The majority of the west half of the parish has been classified as having enclosures
of an unknown date. When you look at geology maps of this area the split between
34
the east and west appears to follow the change from the Pennine Lower Coal
Measures to the west and the Pennine Middle Coal Measures to the east.
The
Middle Coal Measures containing larger seams of coal. The enclosed land to the
west is likely to have been enclosed as it was better for farming compared to the east
which is likely to have been subject to greater amounts of coal mining. There are
surprisingly few HER sites within this large area of land. However there is a record of
early mine shafts and mounds to the north of Oxclose Farm and at Henmoor Mill
there is a further HER site of a watermill/cornmill which was present by the 1760s but
out of use by the 19th Century.
On the boundary close to the point where the
Parishes of Stretton, Ashover and Clay Cross meet, there is a further HER
monument site of a medieval deer park.
3.
Industrial
Stretching out from the centre of Clay Cross Town in a north easterly direction is a
large collection of industrial sites. The largest, where a site joins North Wingfield
Parish, is a large HER designation that is recorded as the site of the main works of
the Clay Cross Company. It includes former ironworks, brickworks and a colliery
which were developed over the 19th and 20th centuries. This site has been known in
recent years as the Biwaters site and is now known as Silkston and is the subject of
a major planning application. This is one of the Council’s strategic sites for future
development that could yield new housing and employment.
However it is also
highly significant in terms of it historical importance, particularly to the development of
Clay Cross town and surrounding areas. An industrial site closer towards the town
centre contains a HER site of a Roman coin findspot.
Passing through these
industrial sites are a number of historical transportation routes. In particular linking
into the Class Cross works was the Ashover light railway, which was a mid 20th
Century narrow gauge commercial and passenger railway.
The line of Ryknield
Street Roman road runs through the centre of Clay Cross through the industrial
designations to the north of the town. This is also the route of a toll road which is one
of the earliest turnpike roads in Derbyshire being authorised in 1756. An industrial
designation to the south of the Parish and close to the Stretton boundary, contains a
HER findspot of Hunsbury-type beehive quern stone.
Appendix C contains a map of HER sites within Clay Cross Parish and a full list of
HER features for this area is attached at Appendix O.
35
8.3 Grassmoor, Hasland and Winsick
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sell any of this date to third parties in any
form. Use of this data is ‘subject to terms and
conditions’
Figure 25 Grassmoor, Hasland and Winsick Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map
36
1.
Post-1650 Enclosures with irregular fields
There are a few areas of land under this classification, particularly to the periphery of
the Parish. To the northern boundary there is a HER site of a bank with ridge and
furrow earthworks to the south east of Manor House Farm at Hasland. To the south
of this the site of the former Hasland brickworks and brickyard, close to which is a
findspot of Roman Coins.
2.
Enclosures of unknown date with irregular fields
The majority of this landscape area falls to the western boundary where there has
been opencast mining. This area contains a HER landscape feature, to the northern
boundary of the Settlement of Grassmoor. Identified as ridge and furrow earthworks
to the south east of Avenue Farm. Along the route of the A61 (line of the Roman
road Ryknield Street) and close to the Parish Boundary with Wingerworth there are a
number of HER features recorded as a 2nd Century Roman coin, a second Roman
coin further north and a barbed and tangled arrowhead found to the south west of
Manor House Farm.
3.
Industrial
There are surprisingly few industrial landscape areas but those recorded are
primarily limited to transportation routes. These include the Chesterfield Loop of the
Great Central Railway to the north east corner which is now the route of the A617
dual carriageway to the M1 motorway from Chesterfield.
A 19th Century colliery
branch railway to the west side that goes down through North Wingfield Parish
through to Holmewood to a site which would have once been Williamthorpe Colliery.
This is the Midland Railway branch line to Grassmoor and Williamthorpe Collieries.
4.
Post-1650 Enclosure parliamentary enclosure award
There are only two landscape areas known to be as a result of the parliamentary
enclosures post 1650s. The land to the west boundary contains a HER site of former
coal mining remains at Mill Lane Farm with parch marks in the fields indicating
possible shaft heads or mounds. The field to the southern boundary is noted as
being unchanged between 1899 and 1997.
37
5.
Recreational
The largest landscape designation in this Parish is classified as recreational. It is
located along the eastern boundary with Temple Normanton Parish.
This is
Grassmoor Golf Club and Grassmoor Country Park. The Midland Railway branch
line to Grassmoor and Williamthorpe Collieries runs through this landscape, however
there are no other HER sites or other heritage designations.
6.
Reclaimed Land
To the north west boundary there is a large area of land that has been previously the
subject of opencast mining. This is shown on maps from 1997 but is now completely
returned to a natural state and there is little evidence to suggest opencast mining
took place here.
Appendix D contains a map of HER sites within Grassmoor, Hasland and Winsick
Parish and a full list of HER features for this area is attached at Appendix O.
38
8.4
Heath and Holmewood
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2013.
Ordnance Survey 100019665.
You are not permitted to copy, sublicense, distribute or sell any of this date
to third parties in any form. Use of this
data is ‘subject to terms and conditions’
Figure 26 Heath and Holmewood Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map
1.
Post-1650 Enclosures with irregular fields
A large portion of the Parish has been identified as being enclosed Post-1650 with
irregular fields, particularly to the south east, east and central areas and around
Heath Village. To the south east corner this is noted as appearing in 1899 maps as
various regular and irregular enclosures rebuilt at some point between 1899 and
1997 but probably as a result of the construction of the M1 motorway. This area also
contains a HER site of crop marks in the fields east of the M1 which are noted as a
linear feature and ring ditch. In addition to this running from the east across the
motorway and up through Heath Village is the route of an early Chesterfield to
Mansfield turnpike road which is datable back to 1759.
Between the dual
carriageway of the A617 and the north bound carriageway of the M1 motorway is a
further HER site of a deserted settlement of known as Lowne, Lune or Lund which is
a suspected depopulated settlement. This settlement is immediately adjacent to a
listed building which is the ruins of Heath Old Church.
39
2.
Industrial
Excluding the M1 motorway the other areas of land assessed as industrial include
Holmewood Industrial Estate to the south east of the settlement of Holmewood and
Williamthorpe Industrial Park towards the north side of Holmewood. Both of these
sites are former colliery sites of Holmewood and Williamthorpe Collieries. There are
no other HER sites located within these areas.
4.
Reservoir
There are a couple of reservoirs to the west of the Parish enclosed by wooded areas
and to the north of Williamthorpe Industrial Park. These are known as Williamthorpe
Ponds, noted as a nature reserve built on former colliery ponds and support a mosaic
of habitat types, in particular a large area of reed beds to the south. There are no
other HER sites located in this area.
5.
Ancient Enclosures fossilised strip systems
There are three sites identified as ancient with fossilised strip systems. The largest
to the west of Heath Village, a similarly sized one to the south and a smaller area of
land to the east.
The fields to the west of the village retain the clearest field pattern
still visible in the landscape through which runs the HER site of the Chesterfield to
Mansfield Toll road that dates to 1759.
6.
Managed plantation/woodland
To the west of the Parish is a large area defined as woodland and runs to almost the
entire length of the north boundary of the settlement of Holmewood stretching in a
northerly direction. The large wood to the north west corner of the district runs over
the boundary with Temple Normanton Parish.
This land is former spoil heaps
associated with the surrounding collieries. The emerging woodlands now surround
the Williamthorpe Ponds Nature Reserve and provide part of the route of the 5 Pits
Trail. Further west is the route of the main line of The Great Central Railway through
Derbyshire which was fully opened by 1893.
40
There is now no obvious feature
remaining in the Parish of this railway line but it originally ran from Pilsley through
Holmewood to Stavely, Renishaw and Killamarsh up into South Yorkshire, where
evidence of it can still be seen.
7.
Ancient Enclosures with irregular fields
To the north of the Parish is a large area of land identified as ‘ancient’.
This
landscape forms the northern boundary of the parish and contains surprisingly little in
the way of heritage assets. With the exception of two listed buildings at Owlcotes
Farm and High House Farm there are no other HER or other heritage designations in
this rural landscape, comprising mainly of agricultural fields.
Appendix E contains a map of HER sites within Heath and Holmewood Parish and a
full list of HER features for this area is attached at Appendix O.
41
8.5
Morton
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100019665. You are not permitted to
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Figure 27 Morton Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map
1.
Post-1650 Enclosures with irregular fields
A large swath of land running from the north east to the south west corners of Morton
Parish has been classified as post-1650s enclosures. Part of this land, to the west of
the Parish, is shown as large irregular enclosures on the 1835 and 1843 maps and
has remained significantly unchanged during the 20th Century. Moving further east
and north areas of land are noted as having fossilised strips in the Sanderson Map of
1835. These were enlarged during the 20th Century and now no longer have this
characteristic landscape pattern. This is possibly due to the surrounding coalmining
or just changes in farming practices and the mechanisation of agriculture. To the far
east side of the Parish this is noted as appearing as large and irregular enclosures
on the 1835 and 1943 maps. From the tithe map of 1843 the names given to these
enclosures suggest that this area was likely to have been cleared from woodland at
some point prior to 1835. There are no HER sites within these areas.
42
2.
Enclosures of unknown date with irregular fields
There are a few areas of this type of landscape to the south west, east side and
towards the north of the Parish. To the north it is noted that the names from the tithe
maps suggest that the area was likely to have been cleared from woodland prior to
1835. Further towards the east and to the east side of the railway line there is a
significant HER site known as Morton coin hoard. An area of land to the west of the
settlement boundary up to the boundary with Sitwell Villas is noted as regular and
irregular enclosures that are likely at some point prior to 1835, to have formed part of
a Medieval open field.
There are no significant changes to enclosures over the
period 1835 – 1997.
3.
Industrial
The primary industrial areas are located towards the centre of the southern boundary
with a former railway leading up from this area through to the north of the Parish. A
large area forms part of a modern industrial estate on the site of the former Morton
Colliery. A branch line of the Great Central Railway through Derbyshire runs through
the Parish which is recorded as a HER site. This is the Pilsley branch colliery railway
and dates back to the mid 19th Century. A major route running through the Parish
from north to south is the line of a now dismantled railway.
4.
Reservoir
There are a series or regular rectangular ponds under this classification to the north
of the former Morton Colliery site. Old maps of this area show them appearing in the
1970s after the colliery had ceased operation. A large HER site covers the former
colliery site and it is recorded as 19th Century colliery with 1930s pithead baths,
which have now been incorporated into the industrial estate.
Morton colliery closed
in 1965 and as such the ponds may have formed as part of a landscape restoration
scheme. Surrounding these ponds is a Derbyshire Wildlife site.
5.
Ancient Enclosures fossilised strip systems
There are three areas of land identified as ancient enclosures within the Parish. To
the north side of Stretton road to the west of the parish and to the north of Sitwell
43
Villas there is an ‘L’ shape field that is noted as being an open enclosed field that has
no significant changes since the 1835 Sanderson Map. Further south and to the
south west of the settlement of Morton is a larger area of land which is now largely
opened up but it was noted from the Sanderson maps of 1835 that they were clear
fossilised strip systems. The area of land that is most clearly discernable is the area
directly to the southern boundary of the settlement of Morton. Whilst a number of
fields have been enlarged the fields show this pattern running down towards the
settlement of Stonebroom. This area could potentially be medieval burgage plots of
the early settlement of Morton.
6.
Reclaimed Land
To the northern boundary there is a large area of land that has been previously the
subject of opencast mining. This is shown on maps from 1997 but is now completely
returned to a natural state and there is little evidence to suggest opencast mining
took place here.
Appendix F contains a map of HER sites within Morton Parish and a full list of HER
features for this area is attached at Appendix O.
44
8.6
North Wingfield
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Survey 100019665. You are not permitted to copy, sublicense, distribute or sell any of this date to third parties in
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conditions’
Figure 28 North Wingfield Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map
1.
Post-1650 Enclosures with irregular fields
Primarily to the north and to the eastern boundary running up from the settlement of
North Wingfield. Within the north east corner there are two HER sites the first was
identified on an aerial photograph as a rectangular enclosure located 100m east of
Lings Farm. The second was a hoard of 1374 roman coins which have been dated
to a period between AD 317-340. Running through a field further to the south of this
site is the line of the Midland Railway Branch to Grassmoor and Williamthorpe
collieries, which was part of the Midland Railway Pilsley extension.
Along the
western boundary this is a large area of land that is the site of a HER findspot. This
is recorded as a flint but no other information is provided on its date.
2.
Enclosures of unknown date with irregular fields
There are a handful of sites under this landscape designation.
Towards the
boundary with Heath and Holmewood Parish there is a HER site noted as the site of
45
a 17th Century iron smelting furnace and ironworks. Today there is no evidence of
this in aerial photographs.
3.
Industrial
There are only a few small areas of land classed as industrial the main and largest
site being noted as Clay Cross Colliery no 4 which is now disused. To the south
there is a site noted as a brick and tile works that was dismantled at some point.
Both sites are located close to the railway and the site of the former Clay Cross
Railway Station where there is a HER site of the former engine shed and workshop
of Clay Cross Company. Further north east is the site of the former Alma and Lings
Collieries. A HER site is located close to this area which is noted as an inclined
plane, Tupton. This straight line runs from Clay Cross up to the site of Alma Colliery.
5.
Ancient Enclosures fossilised strip systems
There is a significantly large area of land to the southern boundary of the settlement
of North Wingfield that retains the distinctively reverse ‘s’ field pattern that denotes
ancient enclosures. There remain clearly discernable in the landscape today. There
are no HER sites within this area.
Appendix G contains a map of HER sites within North Wingfield Parish and a full list
of HER features for this area is attached at Appendix O.
46
8.7
Pilsley
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of this data is ‘subject to terms and conditions’
Figure 27 Pilsley Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map
1.
Post-1650 Enclosures with irregular fields
There are several sites within Pilsley Parish under this landscape type. To the north
there is an interesting HER site recorded as the site of Wingfield Mill near Parkhouse,
Pilsley. This notes that the site dates from the early 17th Century as a blast furnace
that was in use as a cornmill by the 18th Century. One of the properties at this site
today is known as Mill Cottage. To the east of this site along Pilsley Road is a HER
site recorded as the site of a windmill that appears on maps of 1880 but does not
appear on earlier or later maps of this area. The 1889 Godfrey Map of Chesterfield,
Mansfield and Matlock show a windmill on this site but on maps produced around
1899 the windmill no longer appears and today there is no visible sign on aerial
photographs that there was a building at this site.
2.
Enclosures of unknown date with irregular fields
Primarily around Lower Pilsley to the north of the Parish and the southern tip. HER
sites in these areas are sparse with the major site, which runs through the Parish,
47
being the Pilsley Branch of the Midland Railway. Whilst this is now disused and
dismantled the route is still clearly defined in the landscape.
Here towards the
western boundary, to the eastern corner of the settlement of Pilsley, it runs adjacent
to the route of the main line of the Great Central Railway. Both railway lines are
recorded on the HER.
3.
Industrial
There are two industrial sites within Pilsley Parish. To the east there is the site of the
former Pilsley Colliery and associated railway. Through this site is the route of the
Derbyshire Branch of the Great Central Railway, which is noted as being fully
opening by 1892. This is recorded on the HER as a mineral railway. To the west
side of the Parish is the site of a disused colliery that ceased operation and was
dismantled during the 20th Century. A HER site is recorded here as a suspected iron
working site following the discovery of slag at some depth in 1918. This record notes
that this could potentially represent pre-Conquest iron smelting but is more likely to
be 17th Century from a nearby mill. Both sites appear to have returned to a natural
state and are not used for modern industrial uses.
4.
Ancient Enclosures fossilised strip systems
There are a number of sites identified with fossilised strips primarily to the centre of
the Parish and around the south of the settlement of Pilsley. To the south east side
of the Parish there are clear remains of the narrow strip systems that are cut through
by the Pilsley Branch of the Midland Railway, now dismantled but recorded on the
HER as a mid19th Century colliery railway. This HER railway feature runs north into
further fossilised strips to the south of Lower Pilsley to the north.
This site has
remained significantly unchanged since 1835 but the characteristic strips are minimal
in modern aerial photographs.
Further to the west of this site is a smaller field
system identified as ancient. There are no HER features but there are clear remains
of former field boundaries that mark the former narrow field system. There are large
areas of land to the west and south-west of Pilsley that are identified as ancient and
retain strong characteristics of their former narrow field strip systems. There are no
known HER sites or other designated heritage assets within these fields.
5.
Reclaimed Land
48
A large area of land to the far west of the Parish is identified as reclaimed land which
joins the land identified in Morton, Stretton and Clay Cross forming a large area of
land. This is shown on maps from 1997 but is now completely returned to a natural
state and there is little evidence to suggest opencast mining took place here.
6.
Managed plantation/woodland
There are a number of small sites identified as managed woodlands.
Many run
adjacent to the former route of the main line of the Great Central railway to the east
side of the Parish. Similar smaller strips can be found to the west side along the
route of a dismantled railway.
Other smaller sites are scattered throughout the
Parish but there are no known designated heritage assets to note.
9.
Recreational
There are 4 small sites identified as recreational. The largest and most significant
being to the south of Lower Pilsley in the centre of the Parish. This is an existing
cricket ground but neither this nor any of the other recreational sites have HER sites
or other known designated heritage assets associated with them.
Appendix H contains a map of HER sites within Pilsley Parish and a full list of HER
features for this area is attached at Appendix O.
49
8.8
Shirland and Higham
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Figure 29 Shirland and Higham Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map
1.
Post-1650 Enclosures with irregular fields
Primarily to the western boundary and to the south of Shirland are areas identified as
post-1650 enclosures. Running parallel with the western boundary of the Parish is a
HER site denoting the route of the North Midland Railway which is identified has
being opened in July 1840 which remains in operation today. Situated close to the
railway line and to the south west of the village of Higham is a HER designation
known as Higham Dairy Farm. This is a mill complex dating back to around 1750
and contains the remains of a water corn mill and restored mill pond. The main mill
building is Grade II listed. This site is located close to the River Amber which flows
from Ogston Reservoir in neighbouring Stretton and Brackenfield Parishes. To the
south of this site is a further HER site noted as an early 19th Century candlewick or
‘bump’ mill and the road is also known a Bumpmill Lane. To the south of Shirland is
a large area of land encompassing several fields which include a number of HER
sites. In particular a milepost on the A61 road which is a Grade II Listed Building. It
is made of cast iron showing the distances from Chesterfield, Sheffield, Alfreton and
Derby. Further south east is a record of a possible Drove Road on Park Lane. A
50
drove road is a route for droving cattle from one place to another. South of this is a
HER identifying Shirland Park but there is no information regarding dates of either
the Drove Road or Shirland Park. Along the southern boundary with Amber Valley
Borough Council is a HER site noted as a supposed medieval burial ground and the
remains of ridge and furrow.
2.
Enclosures of unknown date with irregular fields
There are large areas of land throughout the Parish identified as enclosures of an
unknown date. Scattered throughout these areas of HER sites including to the south
of the district a house identified as Shirland Lodge, to the east boundary there is a
HER site identified as rectangular enclosures 400m north east of Meadow Farm.
Further north is a HER findspot of a polished axe found at Pasture House. To the
south east corner and along the eastern boundary is a HER site for the site of a
water mill and mill pond which is noted to have been in existence between 1835 and
1900.
3.
Industrial
The number of industrial sites in the Parish is relatively small and the sites are
similarly small. The main site of historical interest is that to the far south west known
as the Amber Mill and Toadhole Conservation Area which straddles the boundary
between Shirland and Higham and Wessington. This contains a historic industrial
site of Amber Mill which is recorded on the HER and dates back to the 18th Century
with evidence of a corn mill, mill pond and water mill. Running adjacent to this is the
line of the North Midland Railway which opened in July 1840 and is recorded on the
HER. Slightly further east and running parallel to the North Midland Railway is the
route of Ryknield Street Roman road. This route runs from north to south on the
west side of the Parish, through the centre of Higham Village and up to Clay Cross.
4.
Reservoir
There is only a small area of land identified under the reservoir classification this is
located to the western boundary along the River Amber and adjacent to the North
Midland Railway line this is a series of man-made ponds known as Higham Farm
51
Lakes. They lie just to the north of Higham Dairy Farm but dating from the 1980s
they are not considered historically important.
5.
Ancient Enclosures fossilised strip systems
Much of the centre of the Parish is covered by this landscape designation.
Surrounding the Settlements of Higham, Shirland, Hallfieldgate and Stonebroom, as
see in Figure 30 below, it is by far the largest area of landscape within the District to
contain these ancient enclosures. Some of the field boundaries were noted to have
been removed between 1898 and 1997 but they largely remain in agricultural use.
Relative to the size of this area there are only a handful of HER sites. Notably these
are a ridge and furrow site to the west of Shirland, a cast iron milepost to the north of
Shirland on the A61 and the route of Ryknield Street to the north of Higham Village.
Figure 30 Ancient field systems around Shirland, Higham and Stonebroom
6.
Post-1650 Enclosure parliamentary enclosure award
Areas identified as enclosed by parliamentary award are restricted to the north of the
Parish and north-east corner. It is noted that opencast mining of the 20th Century is
likely to have resulted in the internal field boundaries being removed. These areas
do not contain any known designations or HER sites.
7.
Recreational
A large site to the south of Shirland settlement is the only recreational site in the
parish. This is the site of Shirland Golf Club and does not contain any designated or
significant known heritage assets.
52
Appendix I contains a map of HER sites within Shirland and Higham Parish and a full
list of HER features for this area is attached at Appendix O.
53
8.9
Stretton
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Figure 31 Stretton Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map
1.
Post-1650 Enclosures with irregular fields
The main concentration of this land is towards the centre of the parish with a few
smaller areas of land to the periphery. A small site to the centre of the Parish, to the
west of the North Midland Railway line is a HER site identified as the site of a bloom
smithy and blast furnace at Smithy Moor, although details are not given to date this
feature or when it is likely to have ceased operation. Running adjacent to this site
through the Parish is the route of the Ashover Light Railway which was a mid-20th
Century commercial passenger narrow gauge railway.
2.
Enclosures of unknown date with irregular fields
Large areas of land within the Parish, particularly to the northern boundary and north
west corner have been classified as enclosures of an unknown date. Towards the
centre of the Parish at Smithy Moor there is a HER findspot site identified as a
beehive quern-stone noted as a Hunsbury type. Further west and running through
the centre of the settlement of Stretton is a HER of the route of Ryknield Street
54
Roman Road as well as the route running parallel to it of the Derby to Sheffield
Turnpike Road which is one of the earliest toll roads in Derbyshire authorised in
1756. To the east of Ogston Reservoir at South Hill there is a HER site recorded as
a wall at Castle Farm but there are no other details to identify this feature any further.
To the west of the North Midlands Railway is Smithymoor Toll Cottage which is
recorded on the HER as dating to the 19th Century.
3.
Industrial
The two areas of industrial land are to the south just north of Ogston Hall which is the
water treatments works associated with the reservoir which dates back to the 1950s.
The other site is the route of the North Midland Railway. Both these two sites have
the line of the former Ashover Light Railway running through them. At Smithy Moor
there is a HER site of the Station Masters House at Smithy Moor Bridge. The road
bridge on Ashover Road over the railway here is also a Grade II listed building.
4.
Reservoir
The edge of Ogston Reservoir falls within Stretton Parish.
This man-made
construction was created in the 1950s and was formed out of the River Amber to
meet the water demands of industrial and domestic development of the area. One of
its main functions was to satisfy the need of the National Coal Board’s £10,000,000
showpiece at Avenue carbonisation plan. The reservoir new covers a large area of
the Amber Valley, covering the route of the old Brackenfield Road at Woolley Moor
and the route of the Ashover Light Railway, noted on the HER. In addition a further
HER site is known to the north of the reservoir, within the Stretton Parish boundary,
this is the site of Woolley Moor watermill and cornmill.
5.
Ancient Enclosures fossilised strip systems
Two areas of land are identified under this classification. A large area to the northern
boundary is noted as being greatly enlarged between 1841 and 1997 but the pattern
of the strips remaining visible in the remaining boundaries. There are no known
heritage assets within these areas.
55
6.
Post-1650 Enclosure parliamentary enclosure award
Towards to the east and south of the settlement of Woolley Moor are areas of land
identified as known enclosures post-1650 by act of parliament. A large strip of land
to the north-east of Ogston Reservoir is noted as enclosed by Parliamentary Award
in 1778 with some fields being rebuilt in association with the construction of the
reservoir. Within this land is a HER site known as South Hill earthwork bank. No
other information is provided on this feature.
Appendix J contains a map of HER sites within Stretton Parish and a full list of HER
features for this area is attached at Appendix O.
56
8.10 Sutton-cum-Duckmanton
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100019665. You are not permitted to copy, sub-license, distribute or
sell any of this date to third parties in any form. Use of this data is
‘subject to terms and conditions’
Figure 32 Sutton-cum-Duckmanton Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map
1.
Post-1650 Enclosures with irregular fields
Most of the Parish of Sutton-cum-Duckmanton is made up of land identified as
irregular fields that date from the post-1650 period.
However most of the
concentrations of known heritage assets are outside these areas. To the south of the
settlement of Arkwright Town is a HER designation of the site of the old Arkwright
village. Further east to the east of the M1 motorway and within the MEGZ2 site is a
HER site identified as a fragment of Roman-British Derbyshire ware which was found
on the surface of a field in 1959.
2.
Enclosures of unknown date with irregular fields
Towards the centre and south side of the parish, particularly around Sutton
Scarsdale Hall, there are large areas of land where there is no dating evidence to
2
MEGZ is Markham Employment Growth Zone which includes a former Coalite industrial site, Junction 29a of the
M1 and has been included in the 2011 list of Enterprise Zones
57
confirm when they were enclosed. To the north east there is a HER site identified as
an area of land containing ring ditches within the crop marks
3.
Industrial
There are a high proportion of industrial sites, primarily these are transportation
routes through the Parish connecting various collieries and settlements.
To the
west, running from south to north is a HER site of the Great Central Railway which
crosses over another HER railway route. The route of the Lancashire, Derbyshire
and East Coast railway line runs west to east towards the north side of the Parish.
Now dismantled this railway line mostly carried coal between 1897 and 1957. To the
north of Arkwright Town is a relatively small industrial site that is also recorded on the
HER as the site of the Adelphi Ironworks at Duckmanton. To the north east corner is
another industrial site recorded on the HER as a coal stocking area and treatment
works which is the former Coalite site, established in 1936. Running through this is
the Markham colliery branch line of the Great Central Railway.
4.
Reservoir
There are only a couple of very small areas of land identified as reservoir. A pond
known as ‘lower pond’ is located to the north of Sutton Scarsdale Hall and is included
in the HER site of the deer park and gardens associated with the Hall. Now largely
destroyed these grounds are thought to date back to the 18th Century and possibly
earlier. The pond is likely to be a feature associated with the Hall. It is identified as a
fish pond on maps of 1900. There is a pond of a similar size located towards the
eastern boundary. This is noted as a large pond established after 1900.
5.
Ancient Enclosures fossilised strip systems
There are a handful of small sites under this character area all towards the north side
of the parish.
The largest area of land towards the northern boundary and to the
north of Arkwright Town and a smaller site towards the north-east boundary have
been identified as being established prior to 1776. A site to the south of the village of
Long Duckmanton is identified as also being established prior to 1776 but with minor
changes over the period 1776 to 1997. There are no known HER sites within these
areas.
58
6.
Parkland
A large area of parkland exists around Sutton Scarsdale Hall known as Sutton Park.
It is noted that this changes considerably after 1900 with the 1997 maps showing
significantly fewer parkland features with only a deer barn, shown on the 1837 map,
and one of the three fish ponds remaining. This area is also covered by a relatively
large HER designation identifying the site as an ornamental landscape garden and
deerpark dating back to the 18th Century or possibly earlier. Sutton Scarsdale Hall is
also a Grade I listed building, a Scheduled Monument and the site is covered by the
Sutton Scarsdale Conservation Area. This is a multi-designated important heritage
site.
7.
Managed plantation/woodland
Sutton Springs wood is an unusual residential site that has emerged within a large
woodland site. The wood was established prior to 1835 as it appears on the 1835
Sanderson Maps. It is noted that is was significantly developed and modified after
1900. There is a HER find spot within the wood of a possible Roman pottery sherd.
Appendix K contains a map of HER sites within Sutton-cum-Duckmanton Parish and
a full list of HER features for this area is attached at Appendix O.
59
8.11 Temple Normanton
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Figure 33 Temple Normanton Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map
60
1.
Post-1650 Enclosures with irregular fields
Temple Normanton Parish is largely made up of land under this character type. To
the south west corner is a relatively large area of land that is recorded on the HER as
cropmarks of a rectangular enclosure and linear features identified in 1971. To the
west and adjoining the Settlement boundary of Temple Normanton village there is a
small HER designation of the site of Manor House Farm which is allegedly the site of
a medieval manor house. To the eastern corner of the Parish there is a HER find
spot of a Viking silver ingot found close to Musterbrook bridge.
2.
Enclosures of unknown date with irregular fields
There are a few areas of land under this landscape classification within the parish.
Most abut the line of a HER road which is an old Turnpike road of 1759 from
Chesterfield to Mansfield. There are no other known heritage assets or designations
within this landscape.
3.
Industrial
Temple Normanton Parish has relatively large areas of former industrial landscapes.
These include, to the north west corner, a site noted as industrial buildings and
offices established after 1900 including a small colliery. A large site to the centre
west side of the Parish is recorded as the site of Bondsmain colliery now disused and
dismantled.
A HER designation runs partly along the route of the A617 duel
carriageway. This is recorded as the Central Loop of the Great Central Railway built
in 1892.
Appendix L contains a map of HER sites within Temple Normanton Parish and a full
list of HER features for this area is attached at Appendix O.
61
8.12 Tupton
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Figure 34 Tupton Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map
1.
Post-1650 Enclosures with irregular fields
Tupton Parish is largely made up of land identified as ‘urban’. This covers most of
the parish. Around this boundary are relatively large areas of land identified as post1650 enclosures. To the west this is noted as largely rebuilt during the 20th Century,
possibly due to work on the A61 road running from Derby to Chesterfield. There is a
HER designation running through this land.
This is recorded as Ryknield Street
Roman Road. Just outside the settlement boundary for Tupton and to the north east
corner there is a HER designation of a find spot recorded as a Bronze-age stone axe
hammer.
2.
Enclosures of unknown date with irregular fields
There is a large area of land under this classification to the north of the Parish. Other
than the route of the Roman Road, mentioned above, there are no other heritage
designations. To the south west corner there is a small area of land which does
include 2 HER designations. The first is situated on the Parish boundary noted as a
62
mound that is noted as either a windmill or gazebo. The second is located to the
south of the Grade II listed building of Egstow Hall and is noted as the site of a house
platform of a deserted settlement discovered in 1977.
3.
Industrial
The main and largest industrial landscape classification is noted as sewage works,
located to the north of the Parish. Adjacent and to the east of this site is an industrial
designation of the railway line which runs through the Parish. Neither site is recorded
on the HER or contains any other heritage designation.
4.
Parkland
A large area of land is located towards the central eastern boundary. This is a
relatively large area of land that surrounds the Grade II listed building at Hagg Hill
Farm, known as Hagg Hill House. A second site is identified towards the southern
boundary, around Tupton Hall School. Central to this is a HER designation of an
early 17th Century tower house within extensive grounds. This was converted to
Tupton Hall School in the 1930s. It is noted to have had extensions by George
Henry Widdows but it later burnt down and was later replaced by a school in the
1940s. This was subsequently demolished and replaced by a modern building in
2003/4.
Appendix M contains a map of HER sites within Tupton Parish and a full list of HER
features for this area is attached at Appendix O.
63
8.13 Wingerworth
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Figure 35 Wingerworth Parish – Historic Landscape Characterisation Map
Wingerworth is one of the Parish’s split by the boundary of the character areas of the
Transitional South and Rural West. The Transitional South contains the majority of
the urban settlement of Wingerworth, whilst the western side of rural Wingerworth
falls within the Rural West. This is due to the character split being undertaken by
Super Output Area3 rather than on landscape features or along pre-existing Parish
boundaries. On this basis Wingerworth Parish is recorded in this document.
1.
Post-1650 Enclosures with irregular fields
There are a large number of small sites under this classification; however there is a
relatively large area of land to the north-east of the settlement of Wingerworth. It
contains a number of HER designations including the route of the Derby to Sheffield
Toll Road which dates to 1756. To the west of this there is the site of Wingerworth
Park and slightly north of this is a find spot recorded as a Mesolithic flint core. To the
east and abutting the toll road is a Grade II listed building at Birdholme Farm, also
3
A Super Output Area (SOA) is a geographical area designed for the collection and publication of small area
statistics.
64
recorded on the HER as a Farmhouse and outbuildings. South of this is a HER find
spot of a Roman Coin that has been dated to the period of Gordian III. Within an
area of land further west and adjoining the north boundary of the Parish is a HER
designation noted as a find spot of a Neolithic or Bronze age flint blade. On the
boundary towards the north west corner is a HER designation recorded as a Parish
boundary marker for Wingerworth/Ashover. Towards the south east side/corner of
the Parish is a HER designation identifying the route of Wingerworth tramroad. This
is an early tramroad built in 1788 serving Wingerworth Ironworks. It is recorded as
ceasing operation in 1816. This route leads into a site to the north recorded on the
HER as the site of Joseph Butler’s Ironworks (c.1780-c.1816). It is noted to have
contained two blast furnaces, a foundry and ancillary buildings. At Hardwick wood, to
the west of the Settlement Boundary of Wingerworth there is a find spot recorded as
a leaf-shaped arrowhead but no other information has been recorded.
2.
Enclosures of unknown date with irregular fields
To the far south of the Parish there is a large area of land under this landscape
classification.
This contains the HER designation of Woodthorpe Hall Grange
Cottage which is also a Grade II listed building. Further south and straddling the
Wingerworth and Clay Cross Parish boundary is a HER designation of Woodthorpe
Mill on Clay Lane which is noted as a watermill, mill pond and leat dating back to the
early 19th Century. The pond of which is now filled-in. Further north and west is a
Grade II listed building, also recorded on the HER. This is Salem Methodist Chapel
on Malthouse Lane. To the west of the settlement boundary close to the farms of Ivy
Farm, and Swathwick Farm are 2 HER designations identified as the site of a
Medieval Settlement of Swathwick and a rectangular feature identified through aerial
photographs. Along the northern boundary of the Parish is a HER designation of the
site of Birdholme Brook iron working site.
Just beyond and to the south west corner
of the settlement boundary of Wingerworth there is a HER area known as Nether
Moor charcoal furnace. This is recorded as a 17th Century charcoal blast furnace
containing a dam, blast furnace, iron workings site and smelt mill. It is located along
Tricket Brook.
Located between two woodlands of Sutcliff Wood and Hanging
Banks, close to the south west of the settlement of the Hunloke Estate there is a
HER identified as the site of Hanging Banks iron works/read lead mill. This dates
back to the 17th Century and contained a forge, lead works and a dam.
65
3.
Industrial
There are three main sites classified as industrial. The largest and most significant is
the site to the north east of the Parish. This sits on the boundary with Grassmoor,
Hasland and Winsick Parish and is known locally as the Avenue Site. The Avenue
Chemical and Coking plant was a major employer in the area for many years during
the 20th Century.
The use of chemicals at this site resulted in it becoming the most
polluted site in Europe.
It is now undergoing a period or decontamination and
regeneration and contains a Wildlife Site.
It also contains a couple of HER
designations most notably the line of Ryknield Street Roman Road but also a HER
find spot of a Bronze axe. To the far west corner of the Parish is a smaller industrial
site which is a former and now disused quarry site. It is recorded on the HER due to
its former quarry use. Further south to the west boundary is the site of a refuse tip
and disused quarry and contains a HER designation that is the site of an early lead
smeltery.
4.
Reservoir
There are a number of small reservoir sites within the Parish, the only one with
recorded historical significance is known as Wingerworth Lido within the settlement
boundary. This contains a HER designation of the site of a Bloomery or Bloomsmithy
that possibly dates back to the 16th Century.
7.
Parkland
The most significant area of parkland exists around Stubbing Court.
This is
associated with the Grade II* listed Country House. Stubbing Court on Malthouse
Lane which dates back to the 18th Century and may also contain the remains of an
earlier medieval house.
8.
Managed plantation/woodland
There are a large number of woodland sites within the Parish. The largest areas can
be found at Hardwick Wood which, similar to Sutton Springs Wood in the Parish of
Sutton Scarsdale, contains a number of residential properties. This area contains
two HER sites of a Roman iron slag and a Redcarr Hillside Bronze ring. Further east
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is the site of a pond and dam associated with a smelt mill. On the HER this is likely
to represent a reserve pond for a forge/red lead mill further downstream. Britton
Wood located to the far south of the Parish is another relatively large woodland which
contains a HER designation. This is recorded as a Bronze Age hoard find spot.
Further around to the north east of this site is Mulberry Wood which contains the
HER site identified as bell pits as well as the route of the early Wingerworth
Tramroad dating back to 1788. To the far west corner is a large woodland known as
Stone Edge Plantation which contains a HER findspot of a Mesolithic chert microlith.
Appendix N contains a map of HER sites within Wingerworth Parish and a full list of
HER features for this area is attached at Appendix O.
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9. Conclusions
9.1
Strengths
The information provided highlights that a quarter of all the Grade I Listed Building
fall within this area. None of the Grade I or II* Listed Buildings have been assessed
as ‘at risk’ by English Heritage. The recent adoption of a Conservation Area in Clay
Cross highlights the significance of 19th Century industry particularly associated with
George Stephenson and the Clay Cross Company which had a significant impact
upon the development of Clay Cross and surrounding area.
The HER highlights the development and expansion of many of the settlements in
the Transitional South centred on 19th Century industrial development such as coal
mining and railways. There are a high proportion of workers villages associated with
collieries and railways which further reinforces the connection between settlement
expansions during the 19th Century.
9.2
Weaknesses
Whilst there are no English Heritage ‘at risk’ Listed Buildings in this area there are a
relatively high proportion of buildings on the Derbyshire County Council’s Buildings at
Risk register. This list includes Grade II Listed Buildings as well as Grades I and II*
and it also includes important unlisted buildings within Conservation Areas.
degrades the historic environment.
This
This register should be kept up to date with
regular monitoring of Conservation Areas to ensure the Council is at least aware of
neglected buildings and can seek measures to repair them, for example. This could
enable targeted funding in areas of decline.
Page 14 highlights that only 3 of the 7 Conservation Areas for this area have
Character Statements and only 1 of these (the recently adopted Clay Cross
Conservation Area) can be considered as up-to-date.
Character Statement documents are now 11 years old.
The Heath and Higham
A Character Statement
should be produced for each Conservation Area which should include a Management
Plan. None of the Conservation Areas in the rural west have been assessed for
enhanced protection through an Article 4(2) Direction. This could seek to control the
slow incremental change that takes place under Permitted Development Rights.
Where buildings retain their original architectural features this would allow the
Council to ensure than any replacement is appropriate.
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The HER data comprises a merge of multiple lists of historic data and is the main
source of archaeological information for the County. The HER was formed primarily
from the Sites and Monuments Register but has been added to and updated and now
forms the comprehensive Historic Environment Record for the County, managed by
the County Council. North East Derbyshire do not contribute to the post of Historic
Environment Records Officer, the person responsible for maintaining the list, and as
such the data remains un-cleansed for this area. It contains limited information on
sites and includes acronyms making it difficult to use. No overall analysis of this data
has been undertaken for North East Derbyshire. A contribution to this post, if the
opportunity became available in the future or the District undertaking its own data
cleansing, in consultation with the County Council, would enable this information be
more useful and more widely understood.
9.3
Opportunities
As part of future Conservation Area reviews, as identified on page 15, the opportunity
should be taken to determine whether other buildings within Conservation Areas
would benefit from enhanced protection provided by an Article 4(2) Direction.
As identified on Page 16 the Conservation Areas, being located primarily within
defined settlement boundaries, are likely to come under pressure from development,
due to the shortfall in housing land supply. Where development sites are identified
within Conservation Areas this could justify an early review.
In addition where
development is likely to affect the character of the Conservation Area this could
provide developer contributions towards enhancements to the public realm.
There are many fine buildings contained within Conservation Areas that are not
otherwise protected. Where such buildings or monuments are positively identified as
having a degree of significance could be put forward for ‘Local Listing’. A locally listed
building is considered as a heritage asset under the NPPF and as such would have
greater weight in the consideration of planning decisions. Within the historic core of
a settlement there is the potential for medieval archaeology, usually in a tightly drawn
area, due to the continued occupation of the settlement.
Where redevelopment
opportunities occur then archaeological investigations should take place in order to
further advance the understanding of development in the area.
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Where there are areas of heritage interest identified that correlate with public routes
and footpaths then heritage trails could be promoted particularly where there is a
heritage destination associated with them. Woodlands and reservoirs for example are
often well connected to public footpaths as well as having some identified historical
significance. The Council has seen recent success with Audio Trails in Dronfield,
Holmesfield and Clay Cross. These could be extended to include rural walks through
the District.
9.4
Threats
Out of the 33 Scheduled Monuments in the District, 3 are within the Transitional
South and 1 is on the English Heritage ‘At Risk’ register.
Whilst there is little
opportunity for the District Council to control this it is harmful to the historic
environment.
Many Conservation Areas and buildings at risk are not regularly reviewed. This
results in a decline in the quality of the District’s historic areas and devalues heritage
designations. This is the greatest threat to heritage in the District. Without regular
review of these areas the Council is neglecting their inherent value. The ‘value’ of a
place includes not only its inherent heritage value but also its utility value which
relates to economic, social and community values. Bringing ‘at risk’ buildings back
into use has many beneficial outcomes including improvements to the quality of the
environment and its economic value. The image of an area speaks volumes about its
problems particularly its first impression to visitors. Where Conservation Areas are
allowed to decline this generates a cycle of economic and social downturn. Poor
quality spaces results in a lack of investment. Retaining historic buildings and
ensuring they are used results in environmental benefits through the durability of
materials (lower maintenance) and embodied energy.
Conservation Areas, particularly those in urban areas, have a finer grain of mixed
used and mixed tenure compared to comprehensive redevelopment. Not only do they
tend to be people orientated (due to the area pre-dating the rise of motorised
transportation) but they also tend to have active frontages, strong sense of
enclosure, they are compact, well connected, they have a high level of permeability,
have accessible community facilities, buildings tend to be constructed of durable
materials that on the whole are easier to maintain in the long-term. A lack of review
on a regular basis allows these areas to slowly decline and lose their value.
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References
Bunker, B. (1970). Cruck Buildings: An Opinion as to their origin and dating arising
from a study of existing and recently demolished cruck buildings in North
Derbyshire and South Yorkshire (p. 84). B. Bunker.
Brightman, J. and Waddington, C. (2010) Aggregates and Archaeology in Derbyshire
and the Peak District. Bakewell, Archeaological Research Services Ltd.
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Acronyms
DCC
Derbyshire County Council
HER
Historic Environment Record
RPG
Registered Park and Garden
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