Pig feed formulae:
Sodium Calcium Phosphate versus Dicalcium Phosphate
Andrés Donadeu González – Coviella
Technical Manager GLOBAL FEED
At Global Feed we have spent over 15 years producing and commercialising Iron Phosphates
and Sulphate. In the last two years, we have also seen an increase in human and economic resources devoted to research into and development of Nutraceutical products, based on vegetable
extracts with nutritional and anti-microbial activity, commercialised through our ADIBIO brand.
In phosphate production, Global Feed was the first company in Spain to apply its own technology (Globalphos®), based on a direct reaction between phosphoric acid and a calcium source - a
system that is respectful towards the environment as it generates no chemical waste.
In the phosphate market field, Global Feed
has begun to develop new Phosphates which nutritionally provide new possibilities in optimising
feed formulae and include interesting nutrients.
On these lines, a Sodium Calcium Phosphate
(SOCALPHOS 20/5) has been developed whose nutritional values provide a high percentage
of Digestible Phosphorus, in addition to Sodium,
while consequently providing an Electrolyte Balance that is of great interest in current fowl and
pig formulae.
SOCALPHOS 20/5
Composition
Total P
Available P
Ca
Na
P soluble in citrus
P soluble in water
Especies
Digestibility
Digestible P
Electrolyte Balance
Values
20,0%
18,0%
18,0%
5,0%
>95%
>45%
PIGS
FOWLS
84%
79%
17
15,8
2.180 mEq/kg
In this publication, we reveal both the economic benefit (a notable difference) in feed formulae with SOCALPHOS 20/5 for lactating sows compared to Dicalcium Phosphate and what
it provides in terms of other nutrients (Na & Electrolyte Balance) not normally supplied by the
typical phosphates in use.
The restrictions in the two formulae in terms of ingredients and nutrients are the same, the
only difference is that SOCALPHOS 20/5 has a price of some €125/MT higher than dicalcium
phosphate.
With the two formulae - including a very similar Digestible Phosphorus provision cost per unit
between the two phosphates - it can be seen that the different level of Digestibility of the phosphorus provided (72% compared to 84% with SOCALPHOS 20/5) determines the inclusion of each
in the formula: some 23.5% less in SOCALPHOS 20/5. This difference in inclusion gives added value
to SOCALPHOS 20/5 thanks to the reduction in Phosphorus excreted into the environment.
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There is also a considerable decrease in Sodium Chloride inclusion between the two formulae
(some 18% less with SOCALPHOS 20/5). This difference may also be of considerable interest
to farms with briny water (high salt content), where an excess level of chlorides ingested may
induce well-known problems in fowls and pigs: dirty eggs, softening of stools, etc.
Company GlobalFeed
Company GlobalFeed
Formula
400 c: Lactating Sows w/ Dicalcium Phosphate
Formula
400 c: Lactating Sows w/ Socalphos 20/20/5
Date
20/12/2016
Date
20/12/2016
Code
Formula Price (Euros/Tm) 229,799
Ingredients
Price
Code
Formula Price (Euros/Tm) 226,740
Ingredients
1466
Barley
48,545
154,00
1466
Barley
50,432
3208
154,00
Soy 47
17,101
363,60
2866
Bran 9/22
16,000
144,40
2866
Bran 9/22
13,000
144,40
3208
Soy 47
15,185
363,60
1287
Corn CAN
5,000
177,30
1287
Corn CAN
5,000
177,30
1301
Wheat CAN
5,000
166,30
1301
Wheat CAN
5,000
166,30
9248
Lard
2,518
780,00
9248
Lard
2,410
780,00
2991
Beet Pulp
1,161
170,00
9804
Calcium Carbonate
1,286
33,20
9804
Calcium Carbonate
1,027
33,20
2991
Beet Pulp
1,219
170,00
9373
Fat 3/5
1,000
712,10
9373
Fat 3/5
1,000
712,10
9241
Dicalcium Phosphate
0,960
400,00
9471
Socalphos 20/5
0,735
525,00
9246
Lysine 50 Liq.
0,506
805,00
9246
Lysine 50 Liq.
0,595
805,00
9260
Salt
0,493
58,00
9260
Salt
0,404
58,00
9394
Premix Sows 0.3%
0,300
3.560,00
9394
Premix Sows 0.3%
0,300
3.560,00
9348
Methionine OH
0,113
2.182,00
9348
Methionine OH
0,133
2.182,00
9239
L-Threonine
0,106
1.597,00
9239
L-Threonine
0,131
1.597,00
9430
Additive
0,160
8.690,00
9430
Additive
0,130
8.690,00
9437
Liquid Phytase
0,010
4.600,00
9437
Liquid Phytase
0,010
4.600,00
Solution
100,000
Solution
Price
100,000
In the area of nutritional analysis for the two formulae, there is a clear lower cost across
almost all restrictions when using SOCALPHOS 20/5 compared to dicalcium phosphate, which
strongly and collectively impacts on the final savings between the two formulae.
As noted above, in the matter of Digestible Phosphorus, the explanation lies in the difference
in Digestibility between the phosphates and the amount provided per kilo of product, even when
the cost per unit of Digestible P is very similar.
Company
GlobalFeed
Company GlobalFeed
Formula
400 c: Lactating Sows w/ Dicalcium Phosphate
Formula
400 c: Lactating Sows w/ Socalphos 20/20/5
Date
20/12/2016
Date
20/12/2016
Formula Price (Euros/Tm) 229,799
Nutrient
Value
Weight
100,000
Moisture
10,437
Gross Protein
17,559
Gross Fat
5,525
Formula Price (Euros/Tm) 226,740
Minimum Maximum Restrn. Cost
Nutrient
Value
Weight
100,000
100,000
Moisture
10,446
17,000
18,000
Gross Protein
17,000
17,000
18,000
4,000
8,000
Gross Fat
5,421
4,000
8,000
100,000
100,000
-0,017
Minimum Maximum Restrn. Cost
100,000
100,000
-0,016
100,000
0,051
ADF
6,456
6,000
100,000
ADF
6,468
6,000
100,000
NDF
18,002
18,000
100,000
NDF
18,182
18,000
100,000
Starch
45,000
45,000
Starch
45,000
45,000
Ash
5,385
100,000
Ash
5,316
100,000
Calcium
Total P
0,900
0,758
0,900
0,680
1,100
100,000
0,053
Calcium
Total P
0,900
0,731
0,900
0,680
1,100
100,000
0,053
Dig Pork Phosph.
Phytic P
0,350
0,337
0,350
100,000
100,000
0,353
Dig Pork Phosph.
Phytic P
0,350
0,333
0,350
100,000
100,000
0,326
-0,002
-0,009
In Sow (Mcal/Kg)
2.350
2.350
100,000
1,244
In Sow (Mcal/Kg)
2.350
2.350
100,000
1,226
Dig Pork Lysine
0,950
0,950
100,000
0,165
Dig Pork Lysine
0,950
0,950
100,000
0,101
Met Dig Pork
0,315
0,285
100,000
Met Dig Pork
0,322
0,285
100,000
Met+Cys Dig Pork
0,570
0,570
100,000
0,269
Met+Cys Dig Pork
0,570
0,570
100,000
0,234
Treo Dig Pork
0,608
0,608
100,000
0,152
Treo Dig Pork
0,608
0,608
100,000
0,113
Trypt Dig Pork
0,181
0,171
100,000
Trypt Dig Pork
0,173
0,171
100,000
Potassium
0,838
Potassium
0,808
Sodium
0,200
0,200
0,300
Sodium
0,200
0,200
0,300
Chlorine
0,359
0,150
100,000
Chlorine
0,304
0,150
100,000
Chlorides
ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
1,100
0,578
0,400
0,800
200,000
200,000
1.000,000
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0,078
Chlorides
0,003
ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
1,100
0,498
0,400
0,800
207,705
200,000
1.000,000
0,059
0,003
Examining Sodium and Electrolyte Balance (EB) more in depth, when using SOCALPHOS 20/5
compared to the Dicalcium, we can see that each of the nutrients achieve the levels required per the provision of all the raw materials used in the two formulae.
The case of Na shows, through an analysis of this nutrient provided by each raw material
highlighted below, that in the Dicalcium formula, 90% of the Na required comes from salt. Compare this with the approximately 73% with the SOCALPHOS 20/5 formula. The Na levels achieved in the two formulae both lie within the MIN values necessary.
The Dicalcium formula, where 90% of the Na required comes from salt, means the Chloride
level will also be much above the formula with SOCALPHOS 20/5. Thus, having checked the
Chloride levels in the two formulae, while both lie within the established MIN and MAX thresholds, there is a reduction from 0.578% to 0.493% in the SOCALPHOS 20/5 formula. This gives
the formula with SOCALPHOS 20/5 a greater digestive stability margin in the challenging situations occasionally encountered by farms.
Company
Formula
Date
GlobalFeed
400 c: Lactating Sows w/ Dicalcium Phosphate
20/12/2016
Formula Price (Euros/Tm) 229,799
Nutrient SODIUM
Raw material
% in solution
MP Nutren
Contrib.
Barley
48,545
0,010
0,004
Soy 47
17,101
0,020
0,003
Bran 9/22
16,000
0,020
0,003
Corn CAN
5,000
0,010
0,000
Wheat CAN
5,000
0,011
0,000
Lard
2,518
Beet Pulp
1,161
0,150
0,001
Calcium Carbonate
1,027
0,060
0,000
Fat 3/5
1,000
Dicalcium Phosphate
0,960
0,100
0,000
Lysine 50 Liq.
0,506
0,070
0,000
Salt
0,493
36,600
0,180
Premix Sows 0.3%
0,300
Methionine OH
0,113
L-Threonine
0,106
Additive
0,160
3,380
0,003
Liquid Phytase
0,010
0,200
Company
Formula
Date
%
2,42
1,71
1,60
0,25
0,27
0,87
0,30
0,47
0,17
90,21
1,69
100,00
GlobalFeed
400 c: Lactating Sows w/ Socalphos 20/20/5
20/12/2016
Formula Price (Euros/Tm) 226,740
Nutrient SODIUM
Raw material
% in solution
MP Nutren
Contrib.
Barley
50,432
0,010
0,005
Bran 9/22
16,000
0,020
0,003
Soy 47
15,155
0,020
0,003
Corn CAN
5,000
0,010
0,000
Wheat CAN
5,000
0,011
0,000
Lard
2,410
Calcium Carbonate
1,286
0,060
0,000
Beet Pulp
1,219
0,150
0,001
Fat 3/5
1,000
Socalphos 20/5
0,735
0,100
0,000
Lysine 50 Liq.
0,595
0,070
0,000
Salt
0,404
36,600
0,180
Premix Sows 0.3%
0,300
Methionine OH
0,133
L-Threonine
0,131
Additive
0,160
3,380
0,003
Liquid Phytase
0,010
0,200
%
2,52
1,60
1,51
0,25
0,27
0,38
0,91
18,37
0,20
72,86
1,69
100,00
In the area of EB, an analysis of the provision of this nutrient through the raw materials used
in each of the two formulae shows that the MIN level required in the formula is achieved with
the Dicalcium, while the formula with SOCALPHOS 20/5 more than fulfils the MIN level (thus
without restriction costs) with a slightly higher value.
The positive effect of high EB requirements in the formulae for Fowls and Pigs are well
known through production results, with improved feeding efficiency. The EB provision from each
of the raw materials has also been assessed in databases and nutritional matrices; in all cases,
these were calculated based on Na, K and Cl levels, per the Mongin equation (1981).
Although all the raw materials which could supply EB are given values, these are not frequently evaluated or contrasted, and in a few cases - such as fishmeal, for example - they are
the reason for rejection or restricted use when brought into the factory.
Performing the same analysis undertaken previously with Na on the EB levels from each of
the raw materials in the two formulae, we can see that the major difference lies in the percentage of soy included - one of the highest EB values among all the ingredients.
Thus, in the Dicalcium formula, Soy raises inclusion by nearly 2% compared to the formula
with SOCALPHOS 20/5 to achieve the MIN EB level required, where the basis of the formula with
Soy, justification and interest lie principally in the level and quality of the Protein and Amino
Acids that it can add to the feed, not its level of EB - high or not.
The availability of SOCALPHOS 20/5 in the formula ensures a guaranteed measurable Na
(and, therefore, EB) source linked to its key provision of Digestible Phosphorus. This quality indi-
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rectly optimises the inclusion of the remaining raw materials to provide the nutritional values for
which they are known, and not for their EB values.
Company
Formula
Date
GlobalFeed
400 c: Lactating Sows w/ Dicalcium Phosphate
20/12/2016
Formula Price (Euros/Tm) 229,799
Nutrient ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
% in solution
MP Nutren
Contrib.
Raw material
Barley
48,545
96,339
46,768
Soy 47
17,101
534,472
91,400
Bran 9/22
16,000
324,238
51,878
Corn CAN
5,000
76,934
3,846
Wheat CAN
5,000
84,458
4,222
Lard
2,518
Beet Pulp
1,161
151,144
1,755
Calcium Carbonate
1,027
40,915
0,420
Fat 3/5
1,000
Dicalcium Phosphate
0,960
62,902
0,603
Lysine 50 Liq.
0,506
18,877
0,100
Salt
0,493 -159,019
-0,783
Premix Sows 0.3%
0,300
Methionine OH
0,113
L-Threonine
0,106
Additive
0,160 -212,138
-0,212
Liquid Phytase
0,010
200,000
%
23,38
45,70
25,93
1,92
2,11
0,87
0,21
0,30
0,05
-0,39
-0,10
100,00
Company GlobalFeed
Formula 400 c: Lactating Sows w/ Socalphos 20/20/5
Date
20/12/2016
Formula Price (Euros/Tm) 226,740
Nutrient ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
Raw material
% in solution
MP Nutren
Contrib.
Barley
50,432
96,339
48,682
Bran 9/22
16,000
324,238
51,878
Soy 47
15,155
534,472
81,178
Corn CAN
5,000
76,934
3,846
Wheat CAN
5,000
84,458
4,222
Lard
2,410
Calcium Carbonate
1,286
40,915
0,526
Beet Pulp
1,219
151,144
1,842
Fat 3/5
1,000
Socalphos 20/5
0,735 2.186,421
16,070
Lysine 50 Liq.
0,595
18,877
0,118
0,404 -159,019
-0,642
Salt
Premix Sows 0.3%
0,300
Methionine OH
0,133
L-Threonine
0,131
Additive
0,160 -212,138
-0,212
Liquid Phytase
0,010
207,705
%
23,51
25,06
39,22
1,65
2,04
0,24
0,87
7,73
0,05
-0,30
-0,10
100,00
The formula evaluated in this study using Dicalcium can be optimised at a similar cost to the
formula with SOCALPHOS 20/5 with the inclusion of a raw material not previously considered
(Sodium Bicarbonate), with the problems this raises: an extra raw material in the formula, in the
procurement logistics, to be handled in the factory, etc.
Conclusions about the use of SOCALPHOS 20/5 compared to DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE (DCP)
• SCP 20/5 provides a greater quantity of digestible P/kilo of product, so a lesser quantity is needed in the formula to fulfil the MIN requirements necessary. A consequence of this is
more space to optimise the remaining raw materials with other nutrients and reduce the level
of Phosphorus excreted into the environment.
• SCP 20/5 provides Na in a quantity that is measurable and guaranteed. As this is linked to
its provision of Digestible P, it is the most economic Na source compared to other raw materials.
• Equally, the high EB provision, for the same reasons as noted for the link with Digestible
P, makes it the most economic source of this nutrient and prevents the remaining raw materials from being adjusted in the optimisation of the formula by a collection of nutrients (Na, K
and Cl) which present great variability and do not cleave to the primary interest in the formula.
• Using SCP 20/5 enables Salt inclusion to be minimised, down at or close to the Chloride
restriction threshold, minimising the risks where required.
• In many formulae, SCP 20/5 ensures another raw material (Sodium Bicarbonate) is not
used or is only present in a much reduced quantity, meaning SCP 20/5 is always a more economic source of Na and EB.
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