26/08/52
ความหมายและความสําํ คญั
วิธีคิดในรื่ องของการจําแนก
ลักษณะเฉพาะ
ประโยชน์และโทษ
Asexually reproducing members
• Ascomycota
• Basidiomycota
Past
• Formal phylum
of the kingdom
Fungi.
Fungi
Present
• Informally
denote species
off asexually
ll
reproducing
fungi
Phylum Ascomycota
Fungi Imperfecti
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Many fungi are heterothallic*
Haploid
l id self-sterile
lf
il ((nonsexual)
l) strains
i
A***
A A ****
A ( haploid/1N)
(1N)
A
AA
X--------------------> Aa --------> meiosis** -------> mitosis ----->
a ( haploid/1N) (2N)
a
aa
a
aa
Only a few are homothallic (self-fertile)
• Meiospores
• Ascospores
• Basidiospores
Ascomycota
Deuteromycota
* sex requires = pairs of opposite mating strains
** meiosis often requires special physiological conditions
*** mitotic nuclei
incorporated into
Taxon
♥♥
♥
♥♥
Teleomorph
Emericella
nidulans
Anamorph
Aspergillus
nidulans
Aspergillus niger
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Why are asexual
states
t t usually
ll known
k
before sexual states?
When organism grows then it usually exhibits its asexual
phase first.
• vegetative growth ------> asexual
• reproduction -------------> sexual reproduction
With practically important fungi, one can identitfy and
work with fungus without knowing about sexual stage.
Induction of sexuality is often dependent upon inducing sex
in mated strains.
When sexual states
were recover iin ffungii
imperfecti fungus?
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Order Moniliales
(producing spores on simple conidiophores)
Class Hyphomycetes
lacking fruiting bodies
Order Stilbellales
(producing spores on synnemata)
Order Tuberculariales
(producing spores in sporodochia)
Conidia and conidiophores
borne on mycelium.
Yeast or
dimorphic.
Order Melanconiales
Class Coelomycetes
y
spores produced in
fruiting bodies
(producing spores in acervuli)
Order Sphaeropsidales
Not produce in pycnidium
or acervulus.
(producing spores in pycnidia)
Class Agonomycetales
lacking spores
Kendrick (1981)
Septate
mycelium
Always asexual
reproduction
Conidia stage
Anamorphic
Teleomorphic
Penicillium
Aspergillus
Telaromyces
Eurotium
Rhodotorula
Rhodosporidium
Trichophyton
Microsporum
Arthroderma
Arthroderma
Blastomyces
Ajellomyces
Cryptococcus
Candida
Filobasidiella
Pichia
Saccharomyces
Hansenula
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26/08/52
•
Aspergillus niger
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ก่ อโรคทีส่ ํ าคัญในคนและในสั ตว์
Aspergillus oryzae
•
Dermatophytosis
Mi Soy
S sauce
Miso,
Histoplasmosis
Penicillium citrinum
•
ใช้ผลิตกรดซิตริ ก
Penicillium notatum
Penicillin
Penicillium roqueforti
•
Cheese texture
Saprolegniasis
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•
Opportunistic
fungal infections
Candidiasis
Subcutaneous
mycoses
Cryptococcosis
5