Lab organic chemistry 231
Huda AlGhamdi
Scheme for solid sample
Organic compound
STEP 1 : Ammonia test
First: 0.25 gm of unknown + 1ml of NaOH 30%
odor of ammonia
-Ve
we have ammonium salt of
acid
Go to step 2
Ferric chloride FeCl3 test
1ml of unknown + drops of FeCl3
unknown is aliphatic ammonium salt
Ammonium salicylate

1ml of unknown +1ml of CaCl2
White ppt. after shakig
unknown is
unknown is
Ammonium oxalate
Ammonium tartarate

unknown is :
unknown is :
Calcium chloride CaCl2 test:
White ppt. on cold
Puff ppt.
Violet color
-Ve
Do Confirmatory tests
1
Ammonium benzoate
Do Confirmatory tests
White ppt. after boiling
unknown is:
Ammonium citrate
Lab organic chemistry 231
Huda AlGhamdi
STEP 2 : Acidity test
0.25 gm of unknown + 1ml of sodium carbonate Na 2CO3 solution
Effervescence with evolves CO2
-Ve
Unknown is carboxylic acid
Go to step 3
Ferric chloride FeCl3 test
1ml of N.S. of salt + drops of FeCl3
Violet color
-Ve
unknown is
salicylic acid
unknown is aliphatic acid
Puff ppt.
unknown is
Benzoic acid
Calcium chloride CaCl2 test:

1ml of N.S. of salt +1ml of CaCl2
White ppt. after scratching
the inner wall of the tube
White ppt. on cold
Do Confirmatory tests
White ppt. after boiling
unknown is citric acid
unknown is Oxalic acid
unknown is Tartaric acid

Do Confirmatory tests
2
Lab organic chemistry 231
Huda AlGhamdi
STEP 3: Ferric chloride FeCl3 test:
Diluted solution of unkown in Ethanol + 2 drops of FeCl3 .
Greenish color
green color
Exess
turns to violet
Unknown is:
FeCl3
Unknown is:
β-Naphthol
green color
Deep green ppt
water
Violet color
Unknown is:
Resorcinol
α-Naphthol
Brown ppt
Unknown is: Quinol

Do Confirmatory αtests
3