Score Report
Client name:
Client ID:
Gender :
Date of birth:
Age:
Test date:
SOPA Sample
SOPA
Female
(not specified)
28
11/14/2013
This report is confidential and is intended for use by qualified professionals who have
sufficient knowledge of psychometric testing and of the SOPA. This report should not be
released to any individuals who are not qualified to interpret the results.
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Version: 1.10.013
Survey of Pain Attitudes
The SOPA scales are divided into two general categories: (1) scales that measure
Adaptive Beliefs – beliefs that are thought to contribute to less pain and disability over
time, and (2) scales that measure Maladaptive Beliefs – beliefs that are thought to
contribute to greater pain and disability over time. In general, research findings support
these categorizations, although some scales tend to be more strongly associated with
patient functioning than others (in particular, disability and harm-related beliefs have
been shown to be associated with greater disability, and control beliefs have been
shown to be associated with less disability). However, it is important to remember that
what is adaptive or maladaptive for one person may not be adaptive or maladaptive for
another.
There are two Adaptive SOPA scales: Control and Emotion.
 The Control scale assesses the extent to which a patient believes that he or she
can control pain when it occurs.
 The Emotion scale assesses the extent to which a patient believes that his or her
emotions have an impact on the experience of pain.
There are five Maladaptive SOPA scales: Disability, Harm, Medication, Solicitude, and
Medical Cure.
 The Disability scale assesses the extent to which a patient believes he or she is
disabled by pain.
 The Harm scale assesses the extent to which a patient believes that pain will
lead to physical damage and that he or she should avoid exercise.
 The Medication scale assesses the extent to which a patient believes that
medication is an appropriate treatment for his or her chronic pain.
 The Solicitude scale assesses the extent to which a patient believes that others,
especially family members, should be solicitous in response to his or her
experience of pain.
 The Medical Cure scale assesses the extent to which a patient believes in a
medical cure for his or her pain problem, and also that it is the responsibility of
the doctor to reduce or cure the pain problem.
SOPA Score Report
SOPA Sample (SOPA)
2
11/14/2013
Inconsistency Score
Inconsistency score
10
Protocol Classification
Acceptable
The Inconsistency score was found to be within the acceptable range.
SOPA Score Summary Table
Note: The T scores and percentiles that are presented in the following table are based on
a group of patients with chronic pain assessed prior to multidisciplinary treatment.
Raw
score
T
Score
%ile
Control
26
58
79
Emotion
18
55
69
Disability
21
47
38
Harm
13
49
46
Medication
11
43
24
Solicitude
16
63
90
Medical Cure
16
52
58
Scale
Adaptive Beliefs
Maladaptive Beliefs
SOPA Score Report
SOPA Sample (SOPA)
3
11/14/2013
SOPA Profile
T score
80
Adaptive Beliefs
38-40
Percentiles
Maladaptive Beliefs
27-32
31-32
23-24
30
22
33-36
>99
>99
37
26
>99
>99
32
>99
29
75
99
31
36
40
28
99
21
99
30
35
39
27
25
70
38
26
98
24
19
33
24
37
25
36
24
23
35
23
33
29
21
21
31
20
25
19
24
18
26
21
16
25
20
15
24
82
13
16
12
21
15
11
20
17
10
17
62
9
16
58
8
15
50
14
46
13
42
66
10
12
9
17
8
16
10
7
15
9
6
14
8
5
13
7
2
9
11
11
4
10
10
3
9
18
8
16
27
9
7
8
14
2
12
7
10
7
8
6
6
7
1
5
5
5
4
5
8
7
24
21
4
1
31
5
8
11
10
34
12
6
3
12
9
12
6
38
6
13
11
18
54
15
12
19
10
69
18
14
13
73
11
16
13
17
76
19
18
15
22
14
79
20
16
14
18
3
84
21
19
23
4
30
22
12
17
5
86
14
88
18
4
35
23
29
22
7
15
13
27
14
90
19
17
19
92
24
30
28
93
16
20
11
40
95
21
20
23
45
96
25
22
32
27
50
96
17
22
22
55
23
34
30
26
97
27
26
65
28
28
18
32
60
98
29
34
31
99
20
0
4
4
3
4
3
2
3
2
3
2
0
6
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
5
25
4
1
1
1
0
<1
1
3
<1
0
<1
0
<1
2
20
Raw score
0-1
Control
26
Emotion
18
Disability
21
<1
0
Harm
13
Medication
11
Solicitude
16
Medical Cure
16
11/14/2013 - (no description)
Clinical Range
SOPA Score Report
SOPA Sample (SOPA)
Subclinical Range
Adaptive Range
4
11/14/2013
Overview of Results
The comments concerning current levels of pain coping are based on comparisons of
Ms. Sample’s responses with those of the SOPA standardization sample. Ms. Sample’s
responses are classified into one of three ranges: Clinical, Subclinical, and Adaptive. The
Clinical Range is defined as 2 standard deviations from the mean of the SOPA
standardization sample, in the direction of what is considered to be maladaptive (i.e., 2
standard deviations above the mean for the Maladaptive Beliefs scales and 2 standard
deviations below the mean for the Adaptive Beliefs scales). The Subclinical Range falls
between the Adaptive and Clinical ranges, and reflects scores that are similar to those of
patients who are seeking chronic pain treatment but are not as extreme as scores in the
Clinical Range. The Adaptive Range is defined relative to the average score of patients
who have completed multidisciplinary pain treatment. The Adaptive Range is above (or
higher than) the average score of pain patients for the Adaptive Beliefs scales (Control
and Emotion) and below (or lower than) the average score for the Maladaptive Beliefs
scales (Disability, Harm, Medication, Solicitude, and Medical Cure).
When considering Ms. Sample’s scores relative to the standardization sample, it is
useful to consider whether there is room for improvement (e.g., an increase in a
Adaptive Beliefs or decrease in the Maladaptive Beliefs), and whether, in the clinician’s
judgment, focus on making a change in these beliefs would benefit the patient. In
making this judgment, it may be useful to remember that the Maladaptive belief scales
(in particular, those measured by the Disability and Harm scales) tend to show stronger
and more consistent associations with patient functioning than the Adaptive Belief
scales do. It is also important to remember that what is adaptive for one patient may not
be adaptive for another. Each patient’s unique situation must always be considered
when interpreting a belief score and then making decisions about treatment goals based
on those scores.
Clinical Range
None of the SOPA scales were found to be within the Clinical Range.
Subclinical Range
Relative to the SOPA standardization sample, Ms. Sample’s Control, Emotion,
Disability, Harm, Solicitude, and Medical Cure scales fall within the Subclinical Range.
As described earlier, scores in this range are similar to those of patients who have not
participated in training to enhance chronic pain self-management skills. Although they
do not reach the Clinical level, such scores suggests that there may be room for
improvement in the beliefs assessed by these scales.
Based on the findings of Ms. Sample’s Adaptive Beliefs scales that were found in the
Subclinical Range, she might benefit from skill training and encouragement to increase
SOPA Score Report
SOPA Sample (SOPA)
5
11/14/2013
the beliefs that she has control over pain and its effects and that emotions can affect
pain.
Based on the findings of Ms. Sample’s Maladaptive Beliefs scales that were found in the
Subclinical Range, she might benefit from skill training and encouragement to decrease
the beliefs that one is necessarily disabled by pain, that pain is a signal of damage, that
others should be more solicitous when she is experiencing pain, and that it is the
responsibility of health care professionals, and not the patient, to manage her chronic
pain condition.
Adaptive Range
Relative to the SOPA standardization sample, the Medication scale falls within the
Adaptive Range. As described earlier, scores in this range are similar to patients who
have completed multidisciplinary pain treatment.
Based on the findings of Ms. Sample’s Maladaptive Beliefs scale that was found in the
Adaptive Range, treatment goals could center on maintaining the current low level of
the belief that analgesic medications are an appropriate treatment approach for chronic
pain management.
SOPA Score Report
SOPA Sample (SOPA)
6
11/14/2013
SOPA Item Response Table
Item Response Item Response Item Response Item Response
1.
ST
16.
SU
31.
SU
46.
ST
2.
VT
17.
N
32.
VU
47.
VU
3.
SU
18.
SU
33.
N
48.
ST
4.
N
19.
ST
34.
ST
49.
SU
5.
SU
20.
VU
35.
N
50.
VU
6.
VT
21.
SU
36.
ST
51.
N
7.
ST
22.
ST
37.
VU
52.
ST
8.
VU
23.
N
38.
ST
53.
VT
9.
N
24.
N
39.
ST
54.
ST
10.
VT
25.
N
40.
VU
55.
VT
11.
N
26.
SU
41.
N
56.
ST
12.
SU
27.
ST
42.
VT
57.
ST
13.
VT
28.
ST
43.
SU
14.
VT
29.
N
44.
VT
15.
VT
30.
N
45.
ST
*** End of Report ***
SOPA Score Report
SOPA Sample (SOPA)
7
11/14/2013