Date
Class
Name
Section 2, continued
In
1951 the two sides reached a stalemate on the
38th parallel. Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected
president in 1952. He promised to end the war. A
truce in 1953 finally stopped the war. Once again,
What do you flrink,a staternate
on $e 38th parallel" means?
Korea was divided.
A NEW RED
SCARE
The first Red Scare came after the Russian
Revolution in l9L7.After World War II, people
in the United States again began to fear that
Communists would take over. Starting in 1947
Congress held hearings to look into Communist
influence in the movie industry. Spy cases also
increased concerns. Wisconsin Senator Joseph
McCarthy charged that Communists were inside
the government. He had no concrete proof, so he
made up some of the charges.
EISENHOWER AND THE COLD WAR
Cold ll/ar tension rose around the world. The development of the hydrogen bomb led to a nuclear
arms race between the United States and the Soviet
Union. When Sputnik was launched in 1957, the
.
rtellite.
unlted States rushed to launcn rm own satelllte.
NASA was a new agency charged with carrying out
Underline dte name of dre first
artilicial Earth satellite.
space research.
Eisenhower did not agree with Tiumant policy
of containment. Instead, he wanted to turn back the
Communist gains. Eisenhower supported the plan
of brinkmanship. He used the Central Intelligence
Agency (CIA) to protect democracy in places such
as Iran and Guatemala.
In 1g56 Egrpt threatened to nationalize the suez
Canal. The United States and the Soviet Union
worked together to prevent war. But the Cold War
would continue despite this mutual aid.
why woutd rhe Unihd Srates and
Soviet Union wo* toge&er
when Egypt seized fte Suez canal?
$e
CHALTENGE ACTIVITY
Critical llrinking: Write to Analyze Write aparagraph about the similarities and differences of brinkmanship and containment.
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@
by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
227
lnteractive Reader and Study Cuide
Class
Date
Early Years of the Cold llllar
Section 2
MAIN IDEAS
l. The United
States fought Communist North Korea in the Korean War.
2. Fear of Communists led to a new Red Scare at home.
3. President Eisenhower faced Cold War crises around the world.
Key Terms and People
Mao Zedong Communist leader who established the People's Republic of China
ISth parallel line that marked the division between North Korea and South Korea
Joseph McCarthy Wisconsin senator who made charges of communism in the government and the military
hydrogen bomb nuclear weapon far more powerful than the atomic bomb
arms race rush by the United States and the Soviet Union to build more weapons
Sputnik world's first artificial satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957
brinkmanship willingness to go to the brink of war to stop communism
Academic Vocabulary
concrete specific, real
Section Summary
THE KOREAN WAR
The Cold War quickly spread from Europe to Asia.
The Communists in China, led by Mao Zedong,
gained control of the country. ManyAmericans
worried that ail of Asia might soon become
Communist.
The Allies had divided Korea at the 38th
parallel. The Soviet Union controlied the northern
half. The United States controlled the southern half.
In 1950 North Korean troops invaded South Korea.
The UN sent troops from the United States and 15
other countries to help South Korea. After capturing
the North Korean capital, hundreds of thousands of
Chinese soldiers joined North Korea.
Itltry did UN troops go to Korea
in l95o?
Copyright o by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Ail rights reserved.
226
lnteractive Reader and Study Cuide