Load Diagrams
Program 0180 Cellular Buffers
Calculation Example
100 x 100 Energy absorption
90
80
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
70
static
Travel [mm]
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
0,5
1
s
1,5
W
2
2,5
3
Work [KJ]
100 x 100 Final load
90
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
80
static
70
Travel [mm]
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Force [KN]
F
1.Calculation of energy per buffer: W = ½ m × v²
2.Readout compression length from the diagram
3.Readout final load of the buffer from the table
4.Result and verification
➞ S < 0,8 × h
➞ F < Fmax of the crane structure
➞ a = v²/2s < amax
2
W = Energy Absorption [J]
s = Travel [mm]
F = Force [kN]
v = Velocity [m/s]
m = Mass [kg]
h = Buffer height
a = deceleration
70
80
90
100
80 x 40 Energy Absorption
35
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 2 m/s
30
v = 1 m/s
static
Travel [mm]
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
Work [KJ]
80 x 40 Final Load
35
v = 2 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
30
static
25
Travel [mm]
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Force [KN]
3
80 x 80 Energy Absorption
70
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
60
static
Travel [mm]
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
Work [KJ]
80 x 80 Final Load
70
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
60
static
Travel [mm]
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
Force [KN]
4
40
50
60
80 x 120 Energy Absorption
v = 2 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
100
v = 1 m/s
static
Travel [mm]
80
60
40
20
0
0
0 ,5
1
1 ,5
2
Work [KJ]
80 x 120 Final Load
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
100
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
static
Travel [mm]
80
60
40
20
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Force [KN]
5
100 x 50 Energy Absorption
45
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
40
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
35
static
Travel [mm]
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,4
1,5
Work [KJ]
100 x 50 Final Load
45
v = 1 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 3 m/s
20
30
v=4
40
static
35
Travel [mm]
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
40
50
Force [KN]
6
60
70
80
90
100 x 100 Energy Absorption
90
80
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
70
static
Travel [mm]
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
Work [KJ]
100 x 100 Final Load
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
80
static
70
Travel [mm]
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Force [KN]
7
100 x 150 Energy Absorption
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
120
static
Travel [mm]
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
Work [KJ]
100 x 150 Final Load
140
v = 2 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 1 m/s
120
static
Travel [mm]
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
10
20
30
40
Force [KN]
8
50
60
70
80
125 x 63 Energy Absorption
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
50
v = 1 m/s
static
Travel [mm]
40
30
20
10
0
0
0 ,5
1
1 ,5
2
2 ,5
Work [KJ]
125 x 63 Final Load
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 2 m/s
50
v = 1 m/s
static
Travel [mm]
40
30
20
10
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Force [KN]
9
125 x 125 Energy Absorption
120
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
100
static
Travel [mm]
80
60
40
20
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Work [KJ]
125 x 125 Final Load
110
100
v = 1 m/s
v = 2 m/s
20
40
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
static
90
80
Travel [mm]
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
60
80
Force [KN]
10
100
120
140
125 x 188 Energy Absorption
160
v = 2 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
140
static
120
Travel [mm]
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Work [KJ]
125 x 188 Final Load
160
v = 2 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 1 m/s
140
static
120
Travel [mm]
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Force [KN]
11
160 x 80 Energy Absorption
70
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
60
static
Travel [mm]
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Work [KJ]
160 x 80 Final Load
70
v = 2 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 1 m/s
60
static
v = 4 m/s
Travel [mm]
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
50
100
150
Force [KN]
12
200
250
160 x 160 Energy Absorption
140
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
120
v = 1 m/s
static
Travel [mm]
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Work [KJ]
160 x 160 Final Load
140
v = 2 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
120
static
Travel [mm]
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
Forces [KN]
13
160 x 240 Energy Absorption
220
v = 2 m/s
200
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
180
static
160
Travel [mm]
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Work [KJ]
160 x 240 Final Load
220
v = 2 m/s
200
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 1 m/s
180
static
160
Travel [mm]
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
50
100
Force [KN]
14
150
200
200 x 100 Energy Absorption
90
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 2 m/s
80
v = 1 m/s
70
static
Travel [mm]
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
200
250
300
350
Work [KJ]
200 x 100 Final Load
90
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
80
static
70
Travel [mm]
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
50
100
150
Force [KN]
15
200 x 200 Energy Absorption
180
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
160
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
140
static
Travel [mm]
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
5
10
15
20
Work [KJ]
200 x 200 Final Load
180
v = 2 m/s
160
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
static
140
Travel [mm]
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
50
100
150
Force [KN]
16
200
250
300
200 x 300 Energy Absorption
v = 2 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
250
v = 1 m/s
static
Travel [mm]
200
150
100
50
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Work [KJ]
200 x 300 Final Load
v = 2 m/s
250
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
150
200
v = 1 m/s
static
Travel [mm]
200
150
100
50
0
0
50
100
250
300
Force [KN]
17
250 x 125 Energy Absorption
v = 2 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
100
static
Travel [mm]
80
60
40
20
0
0
5
10
15
20
Work [KJ]
250 x 125 Final Load
v = 2 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
100
static
Travel [mm]
80
60
40
20
0
0
100
200
300
Force [KN]
18
400
500
250 x 250 Energy Absorption
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
v = 4 m/s
200
static
Travel [mm]
150
100
50
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Work [KJ]
250 x 250 Final Load
220
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
200
v = 1 m/s
180
static
160
Travel [mm]
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
280
320
360
400
440
480
520
Force [KN]
19
250 x 375 Energy Absorption
v = 2 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
300
v = 1 m/s
static
250
Travel [mm]
200
150
100
50
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Work [KJ]
250 x 375 Final Load
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
300
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
static
250
Travel [mm]
200
150
100
50
0
0
100
200
300
Force [KN]
20
400
500
600
315 x 158 Energy Absorption
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
120
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
static
Travel [mm]
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
10
20
30
40
Work [KJ]
315 x 158 Final Load
140
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
120
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
static
Travel [mm]
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Force [KN]
21
315 x 315 Energy Absorption
260
v = 2 m/s
240
v = 1m/s
220
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
static
200
180
Travel [mm]
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Work [KJ]
315 x 315 Final Load
280
260
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
240
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
220
static
200
Travel [mm]
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
100
200
300
400
Force [KN]
22
500
600
700
800
315 x 475 Energy Absorption
450
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
400
v = 4 m/s
static
350
Travel [mm]
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Work [KJ]
315 x 475 Final Load
400
v = 2 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
350
static
300
Travel [mm]
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Force [KN]
23
400 x 200 Energy Absorption
180
v = 2 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
160
static
140
Travel [mm]
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Work [KJ]
400 x 200 Final Load
v = 4 m/s
160
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
140
v = 1 m/s
Travel [mm]
120
static
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Force [KN]
24
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
100
400 x 400 Energy Absorption
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
v = 4 m/s
500
static
Travel [mm]
400
300
200
100
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
Work [KJ]
400 x 400 Final Load
350
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
300
static
Travel [mm]
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Force [KN]
25
400 x 600 Energy Absorption
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
v = 4 m/s
500
static
Travel [mm]
400
300
200
100
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
Work [KJ]
400 x 600 Final Load
v = 3 m/s
500
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
static
400
Travel [mm]
v = 4 m/s
300
200
100
0
0
200
400
600
Force [KN]
26
800
1000
1200
500 x 250 Energy Absorption
250
v = 1 m/s
static
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 4 m/s
200
Travel [mm]
150
100
50
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Work [KJ]
500 x 250 Final Load
250
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
200
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
static
Travel [mm]
150
100
50
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Force [KN]
27
500 x 500 Energy Absorption
450
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
400
static
350
Travel [mm]
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Work [KJ]
500 x 500 Final Load
450
v = 2 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
400
v = 1 m/s
350
static
Travel [mm]
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
500
1000
Work [KN]
28
1500
2000
500 x 750 Energy Absorption
700
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
v = 4 m/s
static
600
Travel [mm]
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Work [KJ]
500 x 750 Final Load
700
v = 2 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 1 m/s
600
static
Travel [mm]
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
500
1000
1500
Force [KN]
29
600 x 300 Energy Absorption
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
250
static
Travel [mm]
200
150
100
50
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Work [KJ]
600 x 300 Final Load
v = 2 m/s
250
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
static
Travel [mm]
200
150
100
50
0
0
500
1000
1500
Force [KN]
30
2000
2500
600 x 600 Energy Absorption
v = 2 m/s
v = 1 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 3 m/s
500
static
Travel [mm]
400
300
200
100
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Work [KJ]
600 x 600 Final Load
v = 2 m/s
500
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
static
Travel [mm]
400
300
200
100
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Force [KN]
31
600 x 900 Energy Absorption
800
v = 2 m/s
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
static
700
600
Travel [mm]
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Work [KJ]
600 x 900 Final Load
800
v = 2 m/s
700
v = 3 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 1 m/s
static
600
Travel [mm]
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
500
1000
1500
Force [KN]
32
2000
2500
1000
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