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The Authors
Peter Panfilov is a Senior Scientist at the Institute of Physics and
Applied Mathematics of the Urals University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
His main interests are the mechanical behaviour of brittle materials
and the fracture of solids.
Alexander Yermakov is the Head of the Research Centre of the
Ekaterinburg Non-Ferrous Metals Processing Plant, Russia. His
research interests include metallurgy and the processing of the
platinum group metals.
Low-Potential Detection of Hydrazine with Rhodurn
Hydrazine has a wide variety of uses due to its
highly reactive reducing ability. It is used as an intermediate for foaming agents for plastics, polymers,
antioxidants, explosives, agricultural chemicals and
pharmaceuticals. It finds use as an oxygen scavenger
and a rocket fuel. Hydrazine is volatile, flammable
and toxic. It also can be easily absorbed by the skin
and contact with hydrazine irritates skin, eyes and the
respiratory track. Hydrazine is considered to be a hazardous air pollutant and as such its maximum
recommended value in trade effluents is 1 ppm.
There have been various methods used to detect
and determine hydrazine, including spectrophotometric, optical chemical sensing, flow-injection, liquid
chromatography and biosensors. However, the use of
electroanalytical methods based on the direct oxidation of hydrazine at conventional electrodes has been
hindered due to the relatively high overpotentials.
Now, researchers from the University of
Complutense of Madrid, Spain, have used cylindrical
carbon fibre microelectrodes (CFMEs) modified with
P h t i n ~ mMcfahREU., 2001, 45, (4)
rhodium for the low-potential detection of hydrazine
under flow-injection conditions (J. M. Pingarrbn, I.
0. Hemkdez, A. Gonzilez-Cort6s and P. YhiezSedeiio, And C k .Ada, 2001,439, (2), 281-290).
Rhodium metallised CFMEs, combining the
advantages of metallised electrodes and cylindrical
electrodes, were prepared potentiostatically using
RhCl,, and characterised by cyclic voltammetry. The
electrodes were then tested under flow conditions,
beginning at a flow rate of 1.0ml m i d and an applied
potential of +0.3 V. The Rh-CFhEs were found to
have good stability during amperometric detection of
hydrazine under flow conditions and good electrocatalytic ability for the oxidation of hydrazine and some
other organic compounds. The electrode surface did
not need to be regenerated. Signal-to-noise ratio was
much better at the Rh-CFME than at a IU-modified
glassy C electrode of conventional size. The limit of
detection was 6.2 x lo-’ mol I-’ hydrazine (- 20 pg
1-’). This flow-injection method could therefore be
used to determine hydrazine in trade effluents.
183