9
FORCED
MIGRATIONreview
December 2000
published by
the Refugee Studies Centre in association with the Norwegian Refugee Council/Global IDP Project
special feature on
Gender and displacement
plus
•
•
•
•
Children in adversity
UN role in the security of NGO staff
Southern NGO’s view of ExCom
Accountability in the media
Updates on • Afghanistan • Malukas •
Dams • Reangs • Detention of asylum
seekers • Appointment of UN Special
Coordinator on Internal Displacement
• News from the Refugee Studies Centre
and the Global IDP Project
• Conferences and
publications
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from the
fromeditors
the editors
y the time you read this,
David Turton will have
retired as Director of the Refugee
Studies Centre. David was a driving force behind this
publication’s transformation in
1998 from RPN newsletter to
Forced Migration Review and we
have greatly appreciated his
input, both as Director and as a
member of our Editorial Advisory
Board. Stephen Castles starts
as the new Director of the RSC
on 1 February.
Corinne Owen
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Judy El-Bushra, of the British NGO ACORD, has worked closely with us as Guest Editor in preparing
the feature section of this issue with its focus on Gender and Displacement. If you would like to
respond to any of the points raised or add new ones, please write (no more than 700 words) to us by
mid February. Our contact details are given opposite.
We would like to express our thanks to UNICEF for their sponsorship of
this issue of Forced Migration Review.
Our next issue (issue 10, due out April 2001) will include a feature on UNHCR and the 50th
Anniversary of the 1951 Convention, guest-edited by Professor BS Chimni. Would you like to write a
short piece for us? We would particularly welcome contributions from NGO and UN staff in the field, and
from displaced people. How do the successes and limitations of both the Convention and UNHCR
affect displaced people in the country in which you work? How do they affect you and your work? What
do you feel about UNHCR – its mandate and its relationship to the other UN agencies, to governments,
to NGOs and to displaced people? What is there to celebrate? What would you change? What should
we learn from history and what developments would you like to see - or which do you predict - in the
next 10, 20 or 50 years?
Maximum length of written contributions: 3,000 words. Short opinion pieces or pithy exhortations are
also welcomed! Don’t worry if English is not your first language – we are more than happy to edit contributions. Email us today with your ideas ([email protected]) or write to us at the address opposite.
The August 2001 issue will be on Return to Peace, looking at: peace and the restoration of confidence;
justice; post-conflict power structures; reconciliation and promotion of historical and cultural understanding; and separation or integration of communities. Ideally, we would like to publish a mix of
‘overview’ articles and ‘local’ reports and examples, including information on appropriate models, good
practice and recommendations for action/follow-up. Please contact us as soon as possible with your
suggestions for contributions, contributors, reports and examples.
With our very best wishes for 2001.
Marion Couldrey and Tim Morris
Editors
Writing for FMR? Here are our submission deadlines:
Issue
Articles by
Information items by
10 (UNHCR)
1 February 2001
1 March 2001
11 (Return to Peace) 1 June 2001
1 July 2001
Front cover: Rwandese refugees in Zaire wait for water distribution in Kibuma camp 1994. UNHCR/B.Press
2
FORCED MIGRATION review 9
contents
contents
Gender and displacement
General articles
Debate
Regular features
FORCED MIGRATION review 9
Gender and forced migration: editorial
by Judy El-Bushra
4
Vindicating masculinity: the fate of promoting gender equality
by Simon Turner
8
Making young displaced men visible
by Cathrine Brun
10
Gender dimensions of displacement
by Srilakshmi Gururaja
13
Gender, persecution and the concept of politics in the asylum
determination process
by Heaven Crawley
17
Gender guidelines for the UK
by Nathalia Berkowitz
21
Ethnicity, gender and violence in Kenya
by Peter Mwangi Kagwanja
22
Rural farming systems, plant genetic resources and disasters
by Monica Trujillo
26
A more proactive UN role in the security of NGO staff?
by Randolph Martin
29
Children in adversity
by Jo de Berry and Jo Boyden
33
Accountability in the media
37
Update
38
Refugee Studies Centre
41
Conferences: including ExCom: a Southern view
42
Global IDP Project
44
Publications
46
3
Gender and displacement
Gender and forced migration:
editorial
by Judy El-Bushra
This issue of Forced Migration Review comes
at a time when Gender and Development as a
body of theoretical and professional practice
is at a critical point in its evolution.
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7
Gender and displacement
Vindicating masculinity: the fate
of promoting gender equality
by Simon Turner
This article explores how attempts by UNHCR
and others to empower women in refugee
camps are reinterpreted and given new
meaning by the refugees themselves.
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9
Gender and displacement
Making young displaced men
visible
by Cathrine Brun
This article examines the importance of understanding the part of young men in the
processes of displacement and resettlement
and suggests that agencies need to take
greater account of the role and position of
young displaced men when formulating
gender-sensitive policy and practice.1
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FORCED MIGRATION review 9
Gender and displacement
Gender dimensions of displacement
by Srilakshmi Gururaja
This article focuses on how gender awareness
is essential for addressing the protection and
participation rights of displaced women and
girls, with a discussion of the role and results
of the Beijing conferences.
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Gender, persecution and the
concept of politics in the asylum
determination process
by Heaven Crawley
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as asylum seekers stem not from the absence
of ‘gender’ in the Refugee Convention’s
grounds but rather from the failure of decision
makers to acknowledge and respond to the
gendering of politics and of women’s relationship to the state when applying that definition
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Gender and displacement
Ethnicity, gender and violence
in Kenya
by Peter Mwangi Kagwanja
This article examines the ethnicallydiscriminatory nature of Kenya’s refugee
policy, its influence on the administration and
practice of refugee affairs, especially by relief
agencies, and its role in encouraging sexual
violence against women refugees.1
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FORCED MIGRATION review 9
A more proactive UN role in the
security of NGO staff?
by Randolph Martin
The recent and very tragic deaths of UNHCR
workers in West Timor and Guinea have once
again focused attention on the precarious
security circumstance under which humanitarian relief work is so often conducted.
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the INTERFET peacekeeping forces.
FORCED MIGRATION review 9
29
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International Conference on
War-Affected Children, Winnipeg,
September 2000.
FORCED MIGRATION review 9
debate
debate
In this section, Howard Davies responds to issue 8’s discussion on
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Information Officers: Christophe Beau,
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Bjorn Pettersson, Frederick Kok,
Stacey White, Greta Zeender.
Donor Relations: Tone Faret
Major Donors
The following governmnets have contributed
to the project: Canada, Denmark, Norway,
Sweden (SIDA), Switzerland, UK-DFID.
Other donors: ECHO, Inernational
Development and Research Centre
(Canada), Norwegian Church Aid, OCHA,
UNDP, WFP, World Vision International
and private donors.
Website
Visit our database on internal displacement
and get more information about the Global
IDP Project on www.idpproject.org
Contact us
If you have any questions or comments,
please contact us at:
Global IDP Project
Chemin Moïse-Duboule 59
CH 1209 Geneva, Switzerland
Tel: + 41 22 788 8085
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Gender and Refugee Status
by Thomas Spijkerboer, Centre for Migration
Law, Nijmegen, Netherlands. 2000. 255pp.
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1 56549 118 1 (hardback); 1 56549 117 3
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World Migration Report 2000
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