Latin America : History and Culture
Preliminary Article List
(subject to change)
ABC Countries
Las Casas, Bartolomé de
Acapulco
Latifundia
Adams-Onís Treaty
Latin America
Africans in Latin America
Laws and Legal Systems
Agency for International Development
Leeward Islands. See Caribbean Antilles
Agrarian Reform
Leloir, Luis F.
Agriculture
Lesseps, Ferdinand Marie de. See Panama
Canal
Agustini, Delmira
Liberal Parties. See Political Parties
Airplanes. See Aviation
Liberalism
Alamo, Battle of the
Liberation Theology
Alberdi, Juan Bautista
Lima
Albizu Campos, Pedro
Lima e Silva, Luís Alves de
Albuquerque, Matias de
Line of Demarcation. See Tordesillas,
Treaty of
Alcalde
Lispector, Clarice
Alcoholic Beverages. See Food and Drink Literacy
Aleijadinho
Literature
Allende Gossens, Salvador
Livestock
Allende, Ignacio
Llama
Allende, Isabel
Llanos
Alliance for Progress
López, Francisco Solano
Almagro, Diego de
López, Narciso
Alpaca. See Llama
Louisiana
Altiplano
Lumber Industry
Alvarado y Mesía, Pedro de
Lutz, Bertha Maria Julia
Amado, Jorge
Maceo, Antonio
Amaranth. See Food and Drink
Machado de Assis, Joaquim Maria
Amazon Region
Machu Picchu
Amazon River
Madero, Francisco Indalecio
American Revolution
Madrid, Treaty of
Anarchism
Magellan, Ferdinand
Anchieta, José de
Maine, U.S.S.
Andes
Maize
Andrada, José Bonifácio de
Malinche
Andrade, Mário de
Managua
Anguilla. See British West Indies;
Caribbean Antilles
Manaus
Animals
Manila Galleon
Anticlericalism
Manioc
Antigua and Barbuda. See British West
Indies
Manufacturing. See Industrialization;
individual industries
Antigua Guatemala, La
Manumission. See Slavery
Antilles. See Caribbean Antilles
Manuscripts and Writing, Pre-Columbian
Araucanians
Maps and Mapmaking
Arawaks. See Caribs
Maquiladoras
Arbenz Guzmán, Jacobo
Mariel Boatlift
Arce, Manuel José
Maroons
Archaeology
Marriage and Divorce
Architecture
Martí y Pérez, José Julián
Arequipa
Martí, Agustín Farabundo
Argentina
Martín Fierro
Arias de Saavedra, Hernando
Martinique and Guadeloupe. See French
West Indies
Arias Sánchez, Oscar
Matanza
Aristide, Jean-Bertrand
Maté. See Food and Drink
Arizona
Maurits, Johan
Armada del Mar del Sur. See Fleet
Systems, Colonial
Maximilian and Carlota
Armed Forces
Maya
Art, Colonial to Modern
Meat Industry
Art, Pre-Columbian
Medellín Cartel. See Drugs and Drug
Trade
Artigas, José Gervasio
Medicinal Plants
Aruba. See Dutch West Indies
Medicine
Asians in Latin America
Melgarejo, Mariano
Asiento
Menchú Tum, Rigoberta
Astronomy
Menem, Carlos Saúl
Asturias, Miguel Ángel
Menéndez de Avilés, Pedro
Asunción
Mercedarians. See Religious Orders
Asylum
Mercosur
Atahualpa
Mesoamerica: Pre-Columbian History
Audiencia
Messianic Movements
Augustinians. See Religious Orders
Mestizo
Automobile Industry
Mexican Revolution
Aviation
Mexican War of Independence
Ávila, Pedro Arias de
Mexican-American War
Aymara
Mexico
Aztecs
Mexico City
Bahamas. See British West Indies
Middle Easterners in Latin America
Bahia
Military Dictatorships. See Dictatorships,
Military
Baja California
Military Forces. See Armed Forces
Balboa, Vasco Núñez de
Militias
Ball Game, Pre-Columbian
Minas Gerais
Balmaceda Fernández, José Manuel
Mining
Banana Industry
Miranda, Francisco de
Banda Oriental
Misericórdia, Santa Casa da. See
Religious Orders
Bandeiras
Missions and Missionaries
Banditry
Mississippi Valley
Banking
Mistral, Gabriela
Barbados. See British West Indies
Mitre, Bartolomé
Barrios de Chamorro, Violeta
Mixtecs
Barrios, Gerardo
Mixtón War
Barrios, Justo Rufino
Moche
Barrundia, José Francisco
Moctezuma II
Batista y Zaldívar, Fulgencio
Modern Art Week
Batlle y Ordóñez, José
Molina, Pedro
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Monroe Doctrine
Belize
Monte Albán
Bello, Andrés
Montevideo
Belmopan
Montezuma. See Moctezuma II
Belo Horizonte
Morazán, Francisco
Benedictines. See Religious Orders
Morelos y Pavón, José María
Betancourt, Rómulo
Moreno, Mariano
Big Stick Policy. See United States-Latin
Morgan, Henry
American Relations
Bingham, Hiram. See Machu Picchu
Mosquito Indians
Black Legend
Music and Dance
Bogotá, Santa Fe de
Musical Instruments
Bolívar, Simón
Nahuatl. See Languages
Bolivia
Nariño, Antonio
Bolivian Revolution
Narváez, Pánfilo de
Bonampak. See Archaeology
Nasca and Nasca Lines
Borderlands. See Spanish Borderlands
National War
Borges, Jorge Luis
Nationalism
Boundary Disputes
Négritude
Bourbon Reforms
Neruda, Pablo
Boyacá, Battle of
New Granada, Viceroyalty of
Bracero Program
New Mexico
Brasília
New Spain, Viceroyalty of
Brazil
Newspapers and Magazines. See
Journalism
British West Indies
Nicaragua
British-Latin American Relations
Niemeyer Soares Filho, Oscar
Brotherhoods
Nitrate Industry
Bryan-Chamorro Treaty
Noriega, Manuel. See Drugs and Drug
Trade
Buccaneers
North American Free Trade Agreement
Buddhism
Nutrition
Buena Vista, Battle of
O'Higgins, Bernardo
Buenos Aires
Obregón Salido, Álvaro
Bullfighting
Ocampo, Victoria
Caballería. See Land, Ownership of
Olmecs
Caballero y Rodríguez, José Augustín
Oñate, Juan de
Cabeza de Vaca, Álvar Núñez
Ordenaçóes do Reino. See Laws and
Legal Systems
Cabildo
Orellana, Francisco de
Cabral, Pedro Álvares
Organization of American States
Cacao Industry
Oribe, Manuel
Caciques
Orixás
Cajamarca
Ortega Saavedra, Daniel
Calendars, Pre-Columbian
Ortiz de Domínguez, Josefa
Cali
Oviedo y Valdés, Gonzalo Fernández
Cali Cartel. See Drugs and Drug Trade
Pachacuti
California
Pacific Northwest
Calles, Plutarco Elías
Páez, José Antonio
Campesino. See Agriculture
Painting and Sculpture. See Art, Colonial
to Modern; Art, Pre-Columbian
Candomblé
Palenque
Cantinflas
Palés Matos, Luis
Captain-General
Palmares
Captaincy System
Pampas
Capuchins. See Religious Orders
Pan-American Conferences
Caracas
Pan-Americanism
Caracol. See Archaeology
Panama
Caramurus. See Pedro I
Panama Canal
Cárdenas Del Río, Lázaro
Panama City
Cardoso, Fernando Henrique
Pantanal
Caribbean Antilles
Paraguay
Caribbean Sea
Pardo. See Race and Ethnicity
Caribs
Parra, Nicanor
Carlota
Patagonia
Carmelites. See Religious Orders
Paz Estenssoro, Víctor
Carnival
Paz, Octavio
Carpentier, Alejo
Pedro I of Brazil
Carranza, Venustiano
Pedro II of Brazil
Carrera, José Miguel
Pelé
Carrera, José Rafael
Peninsulares. See Class Structure,
Colonial and Modern; Immigration and
Emigration
Cartagena
Penitentes
Cartography. See Maps and Mapmaking
Pérez Esquivel, Adolfo
Casa de Contratación
Pernambucan Revolution. See
Pernambuco
Caste War of Yucatán
Pernambuco
Castello Branco, Humberto de Alencar
Perón, Juan Domingo
Castes. See Class Structure, Colonial and
Perón, María Eva Duarte
Modern
Castilla, Ramón
Peru
Castizo. See Race and Ethnicity
Peru, Viceroyalty of
Castro Ruz, Fidel
Pétion, Alexandre Sabès
Catholic Church
Petroleum Industry
Caudillos
Philip II of Spain
Cayman Islands. See British West Indies Philippines
Censorship
Photography
Central America
Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto
Central America, United Provinces of
Piñon, Nélida
Central Intelligence Agency
Piracy
Cerdo Gordo, Battle of. See MexicanAmerican War
Pizarro Brothers
Chaco War
Plantations
Chamorro Vargas, Emiliano
Platt Amendment
Chan Chan
Poetry. See Literature
Charles III
Political Parties
Charreada. See Sports and Recreation
Pombaline Reforms
Chavin
Popol Vuh. See Manuscripts and Writing,
Pre-Columbian
Chavín de Huántar
Population and Population Growth
Chiapas
Port-au-Prince
Chicanos
Portales Palazuelos, Diego José Pedro
Víctor
Chichén Itzá
Portinari, Cândido Torquato
Children
Portugal and the Portuguese Empire
Chile
Portuguese in Latin America
Chiles
Portuguese Monarchs
Chimu
Positivism
Chiriguanos
Post, Frans Jansz
Christ of the Andes
Potato
Christian Base Communities
Potosí
Christophe, Henri
Pre-Columbian Art. See Art, PreColumbian
Cinco de Mayo. See Fiestas
Pregnancy and Birth. See Women
Cinema
Presidios
Cities and Urbanization
Prison. See Crime and Punishment
Class Structure, Colonial and Modern
Property. See Land, Ownership of
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
Protestantism
Climate and Vegetation
Provincias Internas
Clothing
Public Health. See Medicine
Cochineal Industry
Public Sector
Codices. See Manuscripts and Writing,
Pre-Columbian
Pueblo Rebellion
Coelho Family
Puerto Rico
Coffee Industry
Puig, Manuel
Coins and Coinage
Pumacahua Rebellion
Colombia
Punishment. See Crime and Punishment
Columbus, Christopher
Queirós Law. See Slave Trade
Commercial Policy. See Trade and
Commerce
Quetzalcoatl
Communism
Quilombo
Comunero Revolts
Quipu
Confederates in Brazil and Mexico
Quiroga, Horacio
Conquistadors
Quito
Conselheiro, Antônio
Quito Revolt of 1765
Conservative Parties. See Political Parties Quito, Audiencia of. See Ecuador; Quito
Consulado
Race and Ethnicity
Contraband. See Smuggling
Race Relations. See Race and Ethnicity
Contras
Radio and Television
Copán
Railroads
Copper Industry
Rain Forests
Córdoba
Ramos, Graciliano
Corn. See Maize
Ranching. See Hacienda; Land,
Ownership of; Livestock
Coronels
Real Hacienda
Corporations. See State Corporations
Recife
Cortázar, Julio
Reducciones. See Missions and
Missionaries
Cortés, Hernán
Refugees. See Asylum
Costa Rica
Religions, African-Latin American
Council of the Indies
Religions, Indian
Counterinsurgency
Religious Groups
Coups. See Dictatorships, Military;
individual leaders
Religious Orders
Cowboys. See Gauchos
Retablos and Ex-Votos
Crafts
Rice Industry
Creole
Rio de Janeiro
Crime and Punishment, Colonial
Río de la Plata
Cristero Rebellion
Río de la Plata, Viceroyalty of
Cuba
Rio Grande
Cuban Missile Crisis
Rio Treaty
Cuban Revolution
Rivadavia, Bernardino
Cultures, Pre-Columbian
Rivera, Diego
Cumaná
Rivers and Lakes
Cunha, Euclides da
Roa Bastos, Augusto
Curanderos
Roads. See Highways and Roads
Cuzco
Roca, Julio Argentino
D'Aubuisson, Roberto
Roman Catholic Church. See Catholic
Church
Dance. See Music and Dance
Romero, Oscar Arnulfo
Danish West Indies. See Virgin Islands of
Roosevelt Corollary
the United States
Darién
Rosa de Lima, Santa
Darío, Rubén
Rosas, Juan Manuel de
Death Squads. See El Salvador;
Guatemala
Rubber Industry
Debt Peonage
Rurales
Delgado, José Matías
Sá e Benavides, Salvador Correia de
Descamisados
Saavedra Lamas, Carlos
Dessalines, Jean Jacques
Sábato, Ernesto
Dias, Henrique
Sabinada Revolt
Díaz, Porfirio
Saint Augustine
Dictatorships, Military
Saint Christopher (Saint Kitts). See
British West Indies
Diezmo. See Taxes and Taxation
Saint Lucia. See British West Indies
Dirty War
Saint Vincent. See British West Indies
Diseases
Salesians. See Religious Orders
Divinities
Salgado, Sebastião
Divorce. See Marriage and Divorce
Salinas de Gortari, Carlos
Dollar Diplomacy
Salt Trade
Domestic Labor
Salvador
Dominica. See British West Indies
San Agustín
Dominican Republic
San Ildefonso, Treaty of
Dominicans. See Religious Orders
San Jacinto, Battle of
Donoso, José
San José, Costa Rica
Dowry. See Marriage and Divorce
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Drake, Francis
San Martín, José Francisco de
Drama. See Theater
San Salvador
Drugs and Drug Trade
San Xavier de Bac
Duarte Fuentes, José Napoleón
Sandinistas
Duarte, Juan Pablo
Sandino, Augusto César
Dutch in Latin America
Sanguinetti, Julio María
Dutch West India Company. See Dutch in
Santa Anna, Antonio López de
Latin America
Dutch West Indies
Santa Cruz, Andrés de
Duvalier Family
Santana, Pedro
Earthquakes
Santander, Francisco de Paula
Easter Island
Santería. See Religions, African-Latin
American
Eckhout, Albert
Santiago
Ecology. See Environmental Movements Santo Domingo
Economic Development
Santo Domingo, Audiencia of
Ecuador
Santos-Dumont, Alberto
Education
São Paulo
Ejidos. See Land, Ownership of
Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino
El Dorado
Schools. See Education
El Inca. See Garcilaso de la Vega
Science
El Mirador
Sculpture. See Art, Colonial to Modern;
Art, Pre-Columbian
El Niño
Selk'nams
El Salvador
Selva. See Forests
Emigration. See Immigration and
Emigration
Senado da Câmara
Encomienda
Sendero Luminoso
Energy and Energy Resources
Serra, Junípero
Engineering
Service Industry
Enlightenment
Seven Cities of Cíbola
Environmental Movements
Seven Years' War
Ercilla y Zúñiga, Alonso de
Shining Path. See Sendero Luminoso
Esmeraldas
Ships and Shipping. See Fleet Systems,
Colonial; Manila Galleon
Estancia. See Land, Ownership of
Sierra Madre
Estrada Cabrera, Manuel
Silva Xavier, Joaquim José da
Explorers and Exploration
Sipán
Falklands/Malvinas War
Slave Revolts
Family
Slave Trade
Farming. See Agriculture
Slavery
Farroupilha Revolt
Slavery, Abolition of
Fascism
Smuggling
Favela. See Africans in Latin America;
Brazil; Rio de Janeiro
Soccer. See Sports and Recreation
Fazenda. See Land, Ownership of
Social Structure. See Class Structure,
Colonial and Modern; Race and Ethnicity
Federal War
Soldaderas
Federalism
Somoza Family
Feminism. See Women
Soto, Hernando de
Festivals. See Fiestas
Soulouque, Faustin Élie
Fiestas
Sousa, Tomé de
Figueres Ferrer, José
South America, Pre-Columbian History
Filibustering. See Imperialism
Southern Cone
Film. See Cinema
Soviet-Latin American Relations
Fishing and Whaling Industries
Spain and the Spanish Empire
Fleet Systems, Colonial
Spanish Borderlands
Flores, Juan José
Spanish Monarchs
Florida
Spanish-American War
Folk Art. See Crafts
Spices and Herbs
Food and Drink
Spiritism
Football War
Sports and Recreation
Foraker Act
State Corporations
Foreign Debt
Storni, Alfonsina
Foreign Investment
Street Vendors
Forests
Stroessner, Alfredo
Forts and Fortifications
Suárez, Inés de
Francia, José Gaspar Rodríguez de
Sucre Alcalá, Antonio José de
Franciscans. See Missions and
Missionaries; Religious Orders
Suffrage Movement
Frei Montalva, Eduardo
Sugar Industry
French Guiana
Suriname
French in Latin America
Syncretism
French West Indies
Taxes and Taxation
Fruit Industry
Tayasal
Fuentes, Carlos
Technology
Fueros. See Laws and Legal Systems
Tegucigalpa
Fujimori, Alberto Keinya
Templo Mayor
Gadsden Purchase
Ten Years' War
Galápagos Islands
Tenentismo
Gálvez, Bernardo de
Tenochtitlán
Gálvez, José de
Teotihuacán
Gálvez, Mariano
Texas
García Márquez, Gabriel
Textiles and Textile Industry
García Moreno, Gabriel
Theater
García Robles, Alfonso
Thousand Days, War of the. See War of
the Thousand Days
García, José Maurício Nunes
Tierra del Fuego
Garcilaso de la Vega, El Inca
Tikal
Gauchesca Literature. See Literature
Tin Industry
Gauchos
Titicaca, Lake
Gazetas. See Journalism
Tiwanaku
Gems and Gemstones
Tlaloc. See Divinities
Gender Roles and Sexuality
Tobacco Industry
Geography
Tobago. See Trinidad and Tobago
Germans in Latin America
Toledo y Figueroa, Francisco de
Gold and Silver
Toltecs
Gómez y Báez, Máximo
Tonton Macoutes
Gómez, Juan Vicente
Tordesillas, Treaty of
González Dávila, Gil
Torrijos Herrera, Omar
Good Neighbor Policy
Tortuga Island
Government, Local. See Alcalde;
Cabildo; Senado da Camera
Totonacs. See Indians
Governors
Tourism
Gran Colombia
Toussaint L'Ouverture
Grenada
Trade and Commerce
Grenadines. See British West Indies
Trading Companies
Gringo
Transportation and Travel. See Aviation;
Highways and Roads; Railroads
Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of
Trinidad and Tobago
Guadalupe, Virgin of
Trinitaria, La
Guadeloupe. See French West Indies
Triple Alliance. See War of the Triple
Alliance
Guaman Poma de Ayala, Felipe
Tristan, Flora
Guano Industry
Trujillo Molina, Rafael Leónidas
Guarani War
Túpac Amaru
Guaranis
Túpac Catari
Guatemala
Tupi
Guatemala City
Tupi-Guarani. See Languages
Guayaquil
Tuyutí, Battle of. See War of the Triple
Alliance
Guerra Grande
Tzendal Rebellion
Guerrilla Movements
U.S. Virgin Islands. See Virgin Islands of
the United States
Guevara, Ernesto "Che"
Ubico y Castañeda, Jorge
Guilds
Umbanda
Guillén, Nicolás
Unión de Armas
Gulf of Mexico
United Fruit Company
Gutiérrez, Gustavo
United Nations
Guyana
United States-Latin American Relations
Guzmán Blanco, Antonio Leocadio
United States-Mexico Border
Hacienda
Universities and Colleges
Haiti
Urban Life. See Cities and Urbanization
Haitian Revolution
Urquiza, Justo José de
Hammock
Uruguay
Havana
Uxmal. See Archaeology; Maya
Hawkins, John
Valdivia
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
Valdivia, Pedro de
Haya de la Torre, Víctor Raúl
Valenzuela, Luisa
Healers, Folk. See Curanderos
Valle, José Cecilio del
Henry the Navigator, Prince
Vallejo, César
Herrera y Tordesillas, Antonio de
Valparaíso
Hidalgo
Vaqueros. See Gauchos
Hidalgo y Costilla, Miguel
Varela, Félix
Highways and Roads
Vargas Llosa, Mario
Hispaniola
Vargas, Getúlio Dornelles
Honduras
Velasco Alvarado, Juan
Houssay, Bernardo A.
Venezuela
Huari
Veracruz
Huerta, Victoriano
Vespucci, Amerigo
Huichols
Viceroys and Viceroyalties
Humaitá
Vicuña. See Llama
Human Rights
Vieira, Antônio
Humboldt, Alexander von
Villa, Francisco "Pancho"
Hurricanes
Villa-Lobos, Heitor
Ibarbourou, Juana de
Violencia, La
Iguaçú Falls
Virgin Islands of the United States
Immigration and Emigration
Volcanoes
Imperialism
Voodoo
Inca
Walcott, Derek
Income Distribution
Walker, William
Independence Movements. See Wars of
Independence; individual countries
War of the Mascates
Indian Policy
War of the Pacific
Indians
War of the Peru-Bolivia Confederation
Indigenismo
War of the Thousand Days
Industrialization
War of the Triple Alliance
Inquisition, The Holy Office of the
Wars of Independence
Intendancy System
Watermelon Riot
Inter-American Relations
Weapons Industry
Iron and Steel Industry
West Indies Federation. See British West
Indies
Irrigation, Use of
West Indies. See Caribbean Antilles
Isabel, Princess
Windward Islands. See Caribbean Antilles
Islam
Wine Industry
Iturbide, Agustín de
Women
Jaguar
Work. See Labor and Labor Movements;
Slavery
Jamaica
World Wars I and II
Japanese-Latin American Relations. See
Asians in Latin America
Xochimilco. See Mexico City
Jefe Político
Yanaconas
Jesuits. See Missions and Missionaries
Yanomami
Jews in Latin America
Yerba Maté. See Food and Drink
João VI of Portugal
Yrigoyen, Hipólito
Journalism
Yucatán
Juana Inés de la Cruz, Sor
Zapata, Emiliano
Juárez, Benito
Zapotecs
Judicial Systems. See Laws and Legal
Systems
Zelaya, José Santos
Junta
Zimmerman Telegram
K'iche'
Kahlo, Frida
Kino, Eusebio Francisco
Kotosh
Kubitschek de Oliveira, Juscelino
Kuna
La Paz
La Venta
Labor and Labor Movements
Land, Ownership of
Languages