PERSOONIA
Volume
Revision
of
type
Singer
E-mail:
Ellis & Everh.
Nowotny
with
C.
(Cooke
The
var.
aggregata
& K. Baumann
C.
filamentosa,
&
Alcala,
of L.
longifilum
words: nivicolous
28871
Illana
Alcala de
Henares, Madrid, Spain.
studied.
var.
spores,
and
Lamproderma longifilum
Comatricha anastomosans is
with
aggregata
new
lectotype
capillitia
and
H.
Neubert,
synonymized
Symphytocarpus confluens
for C.
filamentosa is proposed.
C. anastomosans is confirmed.
with
C. suks-
Kowalski, C. filamentosa Meyl.,
Meyl.
Nann.-Bremek. A
Ellis) Ing &
synonymy
were
suksdorfii
microscope micrographs of
Key
de
& C.
[email protected].
of Comatricha anastomosans
types
dorfii
G. Moreno
sporocarps
SEM and
light
given.
are
i
Lamproderma, Symphytocarpus,
Myxomycetes, Comatricha,.
,
,
,
The
nivicolous species
Stemonitales
Universidad
Dpto. Biologla Vegetal,
4,485-497 (2005)
material of
of
H.
Part
18,
taxonomy.
The revision of type material of nivicolous
2004; Singer
et
scopy in order
localize and
Myxomycetes (Moreno et al., 2003a, 2003b
al., 2003,2004,2005) is continued with the application of electron microthe
specify
to
study
variability
of spore ornamentation. We have been able
the type of Comatricha
type
materialof Meylan's C.
tosa
collected by
Meylan
suksdorfii
var.
and the type of
anastomosans
described
aggregata Meyl.,
a
by Kowalski,
specimen
Lamproderma longifilum
of
to
the
C. filamen-
H. Neubert,
Nowotny
& K. Baumann.
Several works
been
already
ymized:
on
the revision of nivicolous
published (Singer
Trichia synspora with
D. asteroides (Moreno
moides
(Moreno
Lepidoderma
et
et
et
al., 2003b), Diacheopsis
aggregatum with L. chailletii
position
of the
important
species,
information essential for
chorological
and
described
et
taxa
by
Kowalski have
have been
ecological
et
to
spinosifila
with
Lepidoderma
(Moreno
et
al.,
2004)
and
dider-
al., 2004),
et
Lepidoderma
al., 2004).
carry
which
synon-
al., 2003), Diderma nigrum with
al., 2003a), D. subcaeruleum with D. niveum (Singer
It has been necessary and
new
(Singer
T. varia
didermoides with L. chailletii (Moreno
taxonomic
species
al., 2005), in which various
were
understanding
out
these studies in order
inadequately
to
establish the
described and thus obtain
their taxonomy and
applying
it
to
previous
studies.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The collected material
Hoyer's medium, with a
under the oil
warts.
was
studied with
Nikon
immersion
a
binocular microscope and, after
(Optiphot) microscope. Spore
objective
and include surface
mounting
measurements
structures
such
were
as
in
made
spines
or
486
PERSOONIA
electron
Scanning
Alcala de Henares
rehydrated
were
Vol.
-
Part
18,
microscopy (SEM) micrographs
using
Zeiss DSM-950.
a
2005
4,
taken in the
were
SEM-preparation
in concentrated ammonium hydroxide
made
was
dimethyl
ether
The
according
by
critical
of the
terminology
Lado & Pando
point drying
as seen
Rammeloo (1975a,
for
acetone
at
gold-palladium.
follows Dorfelt & Marx
spore-producing stages
proposed by
with
sputtering
dehy-
ethylene glycol
immersed in pure
finally
and
The spore wall ornamentation
(1997).
the terminology
to
and
(= 1,2-dimethoxymethane)
of
sporocarps
for 30 minutes,
(28-30%)
drated in aqueous ethanol(70%) for 30 minutes, fixed for 2 hours in pure
least 2 hours followed
University
as
(1990)
and
in the SEM is described
b).
The abbreviations for
author citations follow Kirk & Ansell (1992).
TAXONOMY
Comatricha
alpina
Comatricha
=
Figs.
—
alpina Kowalski,
Comatricha
suksdorfii
1-5
Madrono
Ellis & Everh.
22
(1973)
var.
152.
aggregata Meyl.,
Bull.
Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat. 53
(1921)
455.
touffes
Original description (Meylan, 1921). Sporanges en
de leur
longueur, libres
Columelle
formant
a
opaques,
mal
au
developpee,
la surface des
de
sommet, d'un noir
10
a
13
vers
sporanges
/<m
de
libres
intense, tres
la moitie de la hauteur du
un reseautres
lache, plus
plates
distinct
2
mm
high
iridescent silver. Stalk less than 1
for remains which
of an
irregular
peripheral
are
united
outline with
zone
a
at
the
in total;
mm
centre
of the
formed
with abundant small
sporotheca,
or
mass,
branching
by rigid threads, 2-5(-6)
branched and anastomosed,
of the
3
mm
de hauteur.
Capillitium
moins defini.
ou
tres
lache,
noires
Spores
brown in transmitted
With SEM the
at
a
fused
long,
tres
capillitium, forming
to
perpendicular
brown
Capillitium
to
united with the
free ends.
composed
a
from one third to half the
blackish,
capillitia
dark brown in
Spores
11-14 pan in diameter,
ornamentation is
rounded
filiform veins. Columella a
cylindrical,
spiny
black.
100 pan in diameter, with
wide-meshed net,
with abundant
the
by
blackish. Peridiumevanescent,
with the
the base into several branches.
light, globose,
spore
laterally
are
pirn in diameter, dark reddish
forming
contiguous sporothecae,
spinulose.
plus grandepartie
a
forming pseudoaethalia,
radial venation, up
continuationof the stalk and concolorous, short,
height
la
de 2
sporange.
groups that
Description. Sporocarps aggregated, forming
Hypothallus
sur
stipites,
diametre, papilleuses.
capillitium, stalked, approximately
except
et confluents
brievement
densely
verrucose
to
of dense baculae of regular
distribution(Figs. 4, 5).
Observations. The material
with
carton
x
1.5
cm),
a
piece
of card
which bears
abundant remains of
Meylan (1921)
at
two
designated
the bottom
groups
hypothallus
proposed
the
of
at
their bases and
type of C.
this
suksdorfii
species,
type by Kowalski is conserved in
which
but resembled
small
piece
new
variety
are
own
Kowalski
suksdorfii
for
most
(1973),
collections found that his
Meylan's type of
C.
suksdorfii
small
(2.5
with few spores. We found
Comatricha
contiguous
a
of bark is attached
where sporocarps had been broken off
apices. Subsequently,
with his
a
sparse sporocarps
because of the tufted sporocarps which
free
as
to
var.
or
var.
of their
after
lost.
aggregata
length,
comparing
specimens
did
aggregata. He
not
but
the
fit
pointed
Singer
Figs.
1-5. Comatricha
3. detail
4
=
out
of
2 µm;
5
capillitium;
=
etal.:
alpina (type).
4. spore;
Revision
1.
former
were
mm
in
2.
with
sporocarps
ornamentation.
C.
suksdorfii
var.
greater than those indicated by
variety by
aggregata as
already
of spore
Stemonitales
487
detail
of
Scale bars:
capillitium plate;
1, 2,
3
`=
0.25
mm;
1 µm.
its
tall" and the latter
about 1
nivicolous
Sporocarps;
5. detail
that the differences between
aggregata
of
"widely
by
its
scattered
"densely
sporangia
suksdorfii
3-4
mm
aggregated sporangia
long
use
different
by
Farr
species
(1957)
which he called C.
alpina,
for another Comatricha.
and
1.5-3
tall". He considered these differences sufficient to
a
and C.
Kowalski
Meylan.
as
the
suksdorjii
the
about 4
mm
stipes
mm
treat
var.
distinguished
long
C.
epithet
and
stipes
suksdorfii
var.
aggregata was
PHRSOONIA
488
Vol.
Part
18,
2005
4,
Within the scope of the revision of
of nivicolous
types
ently
carried out,
confluent sporocarps
observing
is in
&
reality
& Nann.-Bremek., due
Ellis) Ing
with abundant
above,
as
spiny
indicated
The genus
in order
to
Within this
Symphytocarpus.
a
Lister
by
together
group
species
that
indicated that
not
seen
came
to
capillitia
fuse
"perhaps
C.
specimens
the
same
together
suksdorfii
of this
variety,
et
form
to
var.
wide-meshed
species.
from the
genera Amauro-
mainly by
their sporo-
These authors
pseudoaethalia.
aggregata should go here too, but
decide now". Later, Neubert
we cannot
conclusion, studying
net
described
Nannenga-Bremekamp (1967)
characterized
are
a
for this
(2000)
&
alpi-
confluens (Cooke
rounded plates
typical
al.
they segregated
chaete, Comatricha and Stemonitisand which
carps, whose
of the
proposed by Ing
was
some
rigid capillitium forming
presence
from
have observed that the
we
it matches S.
genus
and Neubert
(1911)
Symphytocarpus
its
to
free ends and the
that is pres-
Surprisingly, apart
fused and continuous. Thus, C.
partially
are
Myxomycetes
alpina.
forming pseudoaethalia,
of the individual sporocarps
capillitia
na
have restudied the type of C.
we
but
Meylan's type
as
already
al.
et
associating
not
have
we
(2000)
it with
Symhytocarpus confluens.
Symphytocarpus
not
nivicolous and,
confluens
is
a
very
inner wood is the microhabitatof the
Collection
spruce
examined.
branch, leg.
Ch.
VIII.
Comatricha anastomosans
Comatricha anastomosans
—
that is cited in literature. It is
indicated
centio,
in
de Sainte
Vaud, Granges
Figs.
sed acetabulo basilari
neo, disciformi
vel
capillitio copioso,
columella
64
(1972)
columella
cunnato, reti
flaccido
continuo,
1-2
vel
not
(capillitium
expanded),
forming
a
to
with
evanescent
nigra,
attenuata,
aliquando
terminis
formanti,
libris
palidiore,
cum area
to
black.
subglobose.
a
laterally compressed, slightly
fibrous base, blackish brown
except
at
the base which
fragments
attached
sporotheca, generally tapered
by
vel rubido-brun-
diam; plasmodio ignoto.
1-2.5
laterally by
stalked, 2-3.5
x
1-1.5
dark brown,
mm
shiny,
the
capillitium
reaching
up
to
the
high
(capillitium
confluent and
mm
long,
longitudinally
black. Peridium membranous,
a
mm
generally
basal cup, iridescent
silver;
can
be observed. Columella
3/4
to
almost the total
towards the apex, sometimes truncate.
height
Capillitium
flexuous and sinuous threads of 1-2 pim in diameter, dark brown, without
main branches,
expands
/<m
groups, united
persists forming
to
mm
evanes-
apicem sporangii attingenti;
widened towards the base,
to
1-3
perpaucis, rubido-brunneis; sporis
11-12
Sporotheca
Hypothallus
continuous with the stalk and concolorous,
formed
ad
the appearance of pseudoaethalia,
expanded),
obovoid
sometimes small
of the
subglobosis, nigris,
longitudinem; peridio
small blackish brown disc around the base of the stalk. Stalk 1-2
cylindrical
striate,
not
in
mm
Description. Sporocarps aggregated, forming large
expanding capillitium, giving
dead
on
362.
persistenti, membranaceo, iridescenti, hypothallonigro
continuo;
globosis, purpureo-brunneis, spinulosis,
in total
1100 m,
Croix,
6-10
Kowalski, Mycologia
sporangium pro
"the solid
1920, LAU (holotype).
Original diagnosis. Sporangiis gregariis, commatis, cylindricis
altis; stipite nigro,
recently,
plasmodia".
SWITZERLAND: Canton
Meylan,
species
(1996)
common
Schnittler & Novozhilov
as
and
branched and anastomosed,
intermingles
without
forming
fusing together
a
dense wide-meshed net, that
with the threads of the
capillitia
of
Singer
Figs.
6-10.
10. detail of
et al.:
Revision
Comatricha anastomosans
(type).
ornamentation.
bars: 6
spore
Scale
of
6.
=
nivicolous
Sporocarp;
0.25
mm;
7
Stemonitales
7.
=
detail
of
0.5 mm;
489
capillitium;
8,9
=
2
µm;
8,
10
=
9.
1
spores:
µm.
490
PERSOONIA
adjacent
11-12 fim in diameter,
pieces
of bark,
material is
type
three large and
well-formed and
Comatricha
collapsed
not
in
kept
box
a
smaller
two
and
expand
at
clearer
only
band. With SEM the spore
(Figs. 8-10).
of the small
on one
form
to
Kowalski
pseudoaethalia
clearly
while
visibly discrete,
formed by flexuous and
capillitium
with the
intermingle
this
be
These
species
capillitium
of
adjacent
species, apart
and blackish
stomosans
and
the
entirely
sporocarps is
as
are
evanescent
never
by
long
distinguish
most
its sporocarps
and
never
being
aethalia or
true
related species in the
gregarious,
columellathat almost reaches the apex of the
/rm
can
light microscope.
forms
a
diameterin C.
be
basal cup, the
the
peridium
with that of
In C.
ana-
distinguished by
anastomosans
capillitium intermingles
with
spinulose
Comatricha
the mountainous habitat, have
suksdorfii). However, they
cup, the
a
basis of its
on
individual sporocarps.
closely
and spore ornamentation. In C.
the base
sporocarps and the spores
dium is
a
be the
to
sharing
to
of similar dimensions (11-12
spores
peridium, capillitium
always persists
impossible
or
from
10-12 /<m in C.
at
from Amourochaete
suksdorfii
black, cylindrical sporocarps, with
sporotheca
sporocarps
the base of the
that resemble pseudoaethalia.
of the genus Amaurochaetehave either
where it is difficult
two
at
the genus Amaurochaete
near
capillitia
separated
species
Kowalski also considered C.
genus.
not
parasitized by fungi.
or
interconnected
can
anastomosans
does
cup.
(1972) placed
having
sporocarps
basal
a
glued
are
pieces
of them the sporocarps
which, however, do not fuse together and by its peridium that persists
sporotheca
transmitted
by
of variable size
zone
the bottom of which
one
ones;
is characterized by its
anastomosans
sinuous threads that
a
complete
contain any material, but the others do. However,
are
2005
of dense, regularly distributed baculae
composed
Observations. The
five
with
almost
an
4,
violaceous brown
mass,
spinulose,
sometimes forming
(germination pore),
ornamentationis
Part
18,
dark brown in
Spores
sporocarps.
light, globose,
Vol.
-
suksdorfii
capillitium
adjacent
the
peri-
of individual
and the spore ornamentation appears waited with
intermingled
light microscope.
followed
Nannenga-Bremekamp (1974)
tosa
a
3-4
long stalk,
mm
species (Meylan,
Once
again,
that his C.
The
(1-2
zone
mm
height
that
of the
Collections
Washington,
4500
without
examined.
bark,
Yakima
USA:
Co.,
on
al.
C. filamen-
(2000)
of this
concluded that these
robust
(1975)
were
variety
the
of C.
height
suggested
anastomosans.
of the sporocarps
in C. anastomosans) and the absence of a
As described below, there is
species
a
pale
the
zone on
a
pale
difference in the
can
spores
be observed
pore.
two
species
Rainier
leg.
or a
synonym
studying
Mt.
23.VI. 1970,
et
to
Meylan's description
the type of C. filamentosa,
studying
mm
but in both
germination
considered the
(1975),
on
ft,
to a
Yamamoto (1998), ascribe
coincide with
Kowalski
filamentosa.
sporocarps,
(2001)
observations
Pass,
by
a
in C. filamentosa and 2-6
corresponds
Lado
could be
anastomosans
in the spores of C.
by
with C. alta.
C. filamentosa
Kowalski (1975), after
differences observed
only
not
Some years later, Neubert
1921).
authors had confused
which does
D.T.
following
synonymous
Kowalski's
own
their types.
National
Kowalski,
bark, 8.VI.1968, leg.
Park,
3
miles
DTK 10623 in
D.T.
Kowalski,
below
Sunrise
UC1445505
Point,
5000
(holotype);
DTK 8324 in BPI821091.
ft,
White
etal.:
Singer
Comatricha filamentosa
Comatricha
Bull.
filamentosa Meyl.,
Plasmodium?
1
mm
de
hauteur, elliptiques
melle, jusqu'au
litium
sommet du
lachement
trainees
longues
adherent
la
a
la
surface
Sporanges
elle
ou
sporange
a
Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat. 53
en
columelle
du
491
s'etale
support
parfois
et tombant
entre les
un
par
stipes,
d'un brun
de 0.5
stipe
comme
avec
456.
(1921)
nombreux,
groupes
subglobuleux, portes
ou
Stemonitales
11-15
Figs.
—
nivicolous
of
Revision
les
mm
de 0.8
fonce,
s'elevant
en
celle d'un Enerthenema.
spores
le
comme
1
a
a
la
maturite
capillitium
a
colu-
Capil-
formant
de
des Hemitrichia
et
en
Arcyria.
Ce
capillitium presente
de
ininterrompu
Spores
pourpre.
de
10
d'ailleurs
les
a
12
brunes
expand
and
give
the
ramifies,
de
etant forme
grosseur constante,
appearance
in
of
large
groups, united
capillitium
has
expanded, subglobose
continuous, forming
long, cylindrical
to
a
to
tapered
height
3/4 the
zone
capillitium of adjacent
of variable size
Observations. Two
four
lectotype).
pieces
After
pieces
The second
on
of flexuous and sinuous threads
of
adjacent
corrected
to
pally
in its
C.
as
longer
they
did
not
as
shiny,
stalk
by
et
5
that
can
to
reach
without
fusing together
dark brown in
a net
as
and
half-
mass,
spinulose,
a
with
violawith
a
with the
14, 15).
same
collection data have been
a
box (this
a
group of approxi-
a
is considered as
specimen
match box and consists of
20 sporocarps
each, also stuck
on
characterize C. filamentosa
seen on
mm)
a
forming
isolectotype).
new
we
almost reaching the
fusiform or in form of
are
Spores
that
expands
a
and
the labels
on
entirely
to
its capillitium
by
intermingles
fusing together, by
basal cup. This
Comatricha alta is close
(reaching
cup
flexuous and sinuous threads,
(Figs.
sporocarps without
be
mm
some-
With SEM the spore ornamentation is
approximately
forming
can
basal
species
this
species
evanescent
with the
its short stalk
was
the boxes and
,
filamentosa.
mentioned, Neubert
but
C. aha
as a
is conserved in
(0.5-1 mm) and by the peridium persisting
Meylan
in
after
fibrous base, dark reddish.
of bark each of which bears
is considered the
specimen
mined by
dark brown,
10-12 pim in diameter,
Meylan
specimen
group of
a
a
sporotheca
that
sporocarps.
card, within
studying Meylan's specimens,
capillitium-threads
mm,
towards the apex and
with
intermingles
globose,
from
specimens
of wood with
card (this
on
1
x
branched and anastomosed,
(germination pore).
30-40 sporocarps, stuck
new
widenings
and
expands
studied. The first consists of five
the
with
of the
formed
of dense baculae of
regular distribution
composed
mately
height
Capillitium
brown with transmitted light,
clearer
high
mm
iridescent silver. Columella a continuation of
primary branches,
dense wide-meshed net, that
ceous
to
frequently
dark brown, without
the threads of the
capillitia
1-2.5
Hypothallus
persisting
evanescent,
sporotheca,
towards the apex.
0.5-2 pim in diameter,
moon,
obovoid.
longitudinally striate,
generally
of the
the stalk and concolorous, up
apex,
to
laterally compressed, tapered slightly
Peridium membranous,
up
the
laterally by
small blackish brown disc in the base of the stalk. Stalk 0.5-1
what widened towards the base,
half the
reseau
d'un brun
stalked, 1.5-3.5
pseudoaethalia,
total, the expanded capillitium black. Sporotheca approximately
the
d'un
lisses,
spinuleuses.
Description. Sporocarps aggregated,
that
exterieurs,
caracteres
memes
filaments anastomoses,
peu
longs
first deter-
subsequently
but differs
peridium.
As
princi-
already
al. (2000) considered C. filamentosa synonymous with C. alia,
study type
material.
492
Figs.
of
PERSOONIA
11-15. Comatricha
capillitium;
µm;
14
=
2
14.
µm;
15
filamentosa (type).
spore;
=
1
15. detail of
µm.
spore
Vol.
11.
18,
Part
Sporocarp;
4,
2005
12. detail of stalk and
ornamentation.
Scale bars:
11,
12
columella;
=
0.25
13. detail
mm;
13
=
40
etal.: Revision
Singer
After
Collections
SWITZERLAND: La
decayed wood, leg.
Lamproderma
Ch.
Meylan
proposed by
Grandsonnaz,
Le
diametro,
vel
ad
3
in
mm
fuscus, splendens,
ad
1.5
H.
Neubert, Nowotny
adiunctus.
breviter
& K.
Peridium
contura
lucem
dua at
40 pm in
visum
versus
tenuiore. Capillitium elasticum,
rubiginosum, fasciatum, circiter
sine
diametro, deinde
reticulis, plus
5
sicut ad
/rm
in
orientem
tes, 11 -12 /<m in
tenue,
versus
visae
brunnescens,
atra, duas
on
et unda
peridii
deinde
et
in
splendens,
ater,
coni
modum
ad
reticulum
reticulatae
usque
compositum,
peridium
filamenta
spinulosae, spinae
diametro,porus germinativus distinctus, clarior,paulum
capillitio
forma
forma
nervi,
cylindrica,
columellae
lacunae reticula circiter
filiforme, circiter
ad
in
inferiorem
partem
formans,
formatum,
minute
mm
hypothallo
crassiores
zonae
zonae obscurae
columellae
adnexum
dense
Stipes
1.5
stipitis nigro-fuscus
partes sporocarpii attingens,
simile
35.
(1989)
obscurioribus, crassioribus, ucidis,
columellaorines,
tota
partem superiorem
brunneae,
Vaud,
quattuor cohaerentia,
diametro,
zonis
cum
diametro,primo
minusve ramificatum
exeuntibus vel rarius zonis crassioribus
lucem
communis.
0.5 mm in
incomposite aperiens,
zonas tenues
orientem
can not
isolectotype).
ad basim
Hypothallus subfuscus,
mm, ad basim
in forma stellae. Columella
irregulari,
acumine
universa.
argenteum, iridescens,
ad
1450 m, Canton
and
Baumann, Carolinea47
irregulari, sporocystibus
contura
eminentibus,
coniunctae,
altitudine
ad acumen 0.15
longus,
mm
(1975)
16-20
Figs.
—
Original diagnosis. Sporocarpia stipitata, globosa, gregaria,
in
in the herbariumLAU,
Kowalski
Chasseron,
Meylan, X.1920, LAU (new lectotype
longifilum
Lamproderma longifilum
one
493
lost.
possibly
examined.
since the
lectotype,
a new
been found and is
bark of
Stemonitales
the available material determinedby
revising
have created
we
of nivicolous
1.5 /on in
ex
diametro,
filamentis
libere
levia, nigro-brunnea,
0.5 fim
non
attingen-
eminens. Plasmodium
igno-
tum.
The
Description.
grouped, stalked,
1.5
mm
up
in diameter,
three sporocarps
only
to
3
in total
mm
with
iridescent, with
a
fibrous
base,
in
an
obtuse apex.
brown,
the whole
length
of the
with few free ends.
light, globose,
Spores
3.5
dehiscence into
up
to
common to
laterally compressed,
cm
to
branched and
diameter, spinulose,
longitudi-
persistent, golden
flakes. Columella
height
of the
a
sporotheca,
5 /mi in diameter originating
anastomosed,
forming
a
along
dense net,
with
a
clearer
to
longifilum
the
be found. The substrate is stuck
two
zone
composed
of variable size
of dense baculae
19,20).
of length, with
slide with
large
2/3 of the
With SEM the spore ornamentation is
mains of peridium attached
microscope
to
less
dark brown in mass, violaceous brown with transmitted
Observations. The type of L.
A
more or
approximately
formed by flexuous and sinuous threads of 1.5-2 /on
columella,
of regular distribution (Figs.
approximately
to
shiny, continuous,
long, cylindrical
with main branches up
11-12 /<m in
(germination pore).
irregular
concolorous,
Capillitium
dark
diameter,
mm
up
dark reddish. Peridium membranous,
darker maculae;
continuation of the stalk and
with
1.5
conserved appear
Sporotheca
towards the apex and somewhat widened towards the base,
tapered slightly
nally striate,
to
are
black.
dark brown,
globose. Hypothallus
the groups of sporocarps. Stalk up
that
height,
only
consists of
capillitium.
on a
At its
piece
base,
white card that is
sporocarps
a
of woodof Pinus mugo of
three sporocarps that
conserve
remains of the
kept
in
a
is also conserved.
abundant
hypothallus
re-
can
box of transparent plastic.
Lamproderma longifilum
494
Figs.
PERSOONIA
16-20.
20. detail
µm.
of
-
Lamproderma longifilum (type).
spore
ornamentation.
Scale bars:
Vol.
16.
16
18,
Part
Sporocarp;
=
0.25
4,
2005
17. detail of
mm;
17
=
capillitium; 18,19. spores;
0.5 mm;
18,
19
=
2
µm;
20
=
1
Singer
is
characterized
its
by
et al.: Revision
aggregated
height
same
are
with
spiny,
an
495
with
11-12
spores
ornamentation by SEM formed
persistent
a
sporotheca, capillitium
the
as
flexuous and sinuous dark reddish threads and
by
Stemonitales
globose sporotheca
sporocarps,
stalk with the
peridium, cylindrical
nivicolous
of
in
pm
formed
diameter,
which
dense baculae of uniform distri-
by
bution.
The type material and
by Nowotny
for the
with SEM does
the
in the
species
in the
L.
C.
fusiformis,
agree with
monograph
longifilum)have been
star-like
of Neubert
same
et
al.
material
that the
species
leg.
20.V. 1993, Herb.
stems, 25.V.
W.
AUSTRIA:
2376
kindly
sent to us
interpret
photos
the authors of
this
of C.
of Comatricha
consisting
as
mistake
a
anastomosans
(for example
of baculae with
book).
Feuerkogel, Ebensee, Oberosterreich,
Herb.
Nowotny, 2.VI.1984,
Nowotny
were
the spore ornamentation
published by
We
(2000).
possible
confused with another
shown in the
as
examined.
mugo,
photos. Surprisingly,
of the
photos
longifilum
which has the type of spore ornamentation
apices,
Collections
of Pinus
of SEM
of the book and it remains
printing
(=
plant
not
further specimens of L.
two
preparation
and Herb.
1989, Herb. Nowotny
5367
Nowotny
2376
C.
(as
1200
Nowotny
1600 m,
C. anastomosans );
(as
on
(holotype); ibidem,
dead
twigs
25.V. 1989,
ibidem,
dead
on
anastomosans).
CONCLUSION
the
Following
of the type material of C.
study
Meyl. (1921:455)
we
consider C.
Ellis & Everh.
suksdorfii
synonymous with
alpina
var.
aggregata
Symphytocarpus confluens
(Cooke & Ellis) Ing & Nann.-Bremek. (Figs. 1-5).
As Kowalski
(1975)
has
already suggested,
we
agree
close, if not identical, with C. filamentosa”. There
height
of the
panded)
sporocarps,
significant
no
the
2-3.5
and 1.5-3.5 mm in
of C.
filamentosa
anastomosans
1-1.5
1
x
mm
are
the
1-2.5
x
sporothecae.
the
As there are
synonymy
of the
capillitium
species
is
to
expand.
sans.
has
al.
These
(1989)
species
described L.
are
filum
to
the
the
apex, where it
sporothecae
are
no
We have
other
not
ex-
and there are
We have observed that
difficult to
each with
gives
longifilum
longifilum, they
separated, according
cylindrical sporothecae,
almost
or
et
are
very
not
expanded)
point
to
measure
as a
out
that
result of
significant differences,
proposed.
We propose the synonymy ofLamproderma
Neubert
capillitum
(capillitium
(capillitium expanded).
species
of these
the
(with
1—1.5 mm
"is
anastomosans
minimal differences in the
capillitium expanded)
the dimensions of the sporocarps of these
tendency
that C.
only
anastomosans
C. filamentosa (with
differences in the dimensionsof the
sporothecae
and of C.
in C.
mm
are
rise
globose,
a
to
to
anastomosans.
similarity
to (C.
these authors, because C.
<
columellathat is
the
with C.
noted its
capillitium
anastomosans
markedly tapered
and reaches
with few free ends. In L.
the columella is shorter and is
When
anastomo-
longi-
only slightly tapered
blunt, the capillitium has free ends and the peridium shows dark spots.
Neubert
et
al.
(2000),
after
consulting Meyer
who studied Kowalski's American
material of C. anastomosans, observed similarities in the
and
proposed
view,
as
the synonymy of L.
longifilum
the differences between these
with C.
species
do
microscopy
anastomosans.
not
justify
of the
two
species
We agree with this
their separation.
496
PERSOONIA
Vol.
-
18,
Part
2005
4,
The distinct spots, present in all ofNeubert's collections ofL.
studied,
are not
mature
very
present in C.
and lacked
anastomosans
Symphytocarpus
following
confluens
Nederlandse
Bremekamp,
with
sporothecae
In conclusion we make the
a
Comatricha suksdorfii Ellis & Everh.
Comatricha
Nannenga-
174.
51.
(1876)
longifilum
(1973)
22.
Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat. 53
Meyl.,
456.
(1921)
Kowalski, Mycologia 362 (1972) 64.
anastomosans
Lamproderma
=
have
were
(1921)455.
Comatrichafilamentosa
=
we
aggregata Meyl., Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci.
var.
Comatricha alpina Kowalski, Madrono 152
=
that
specimens
& Nann.-Bremek. in
Cooke & Ellis, Grevillea 5
confluens
Stemonitis
these
proposals:
Ellis) Ing
=
longifilum
as
complete peridium.
Myxomyceten ('1974' 1975)
=
Nat. 53
C. filamentosa,
taxonomic
&
(Cooke
and
H. Neubert,
Nowotny
& K. Baumann, Carolinea 35
47.
(1989)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This
has
study
Technology,
been
National
REN2002-01965.
We express
and wish to thank J. A. Perez
Alcala for their invaluable
especially
H.
Dr. J.
Singer is
financed
partly
Plan of Scientific
Rejos,
our
gratitude
and A.
Priego
Spain,
Project
of the
to Mr. D.W. Mitchell for the revision
of the Electron
Microscopy
Service
of the herbarium AH. We also thank Mr. W.
curator
for the award
of
Program
a
of Science
Ministry
with the SEM and the curators of the herbaria
help
thankful to the National
and Culture of
the Research
by
Investigation, Technological Development
of the
scholarship
of the
LAU and UC
complete
of
and
Nowotny.
Professorship Formation, Ministry
to
manuscript
University
of the
BPI,
and
Innovation,
and
his doctoral
thesis in
of Education
the
University
ofAlcala.
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