INTERNATIONAL CAVITATION EROSION TEST
Test Rig Identification Card
Facility:
cavitation tunnel
Cavitation is generated by means of:
cavitator /venturi/ cylindrical bolt
Laboratory:
Institute of Water Problems
of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
1. Sketch of the cavitation chamber with specimens and basic dimensions
(streamwise and transverse sections), dimensions and installation
sites of the cavitator, specimen, pressure taps etc.
2. Basic operational data
pump power
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………55
liquid velocity in the undisturbed flow
liquid pressure in the undisturbed flow (gauge)
liquid velocity at the specimen surface
liquid pressure at the specimen surface (gauge)
standard temperature of liquid
kW
22,50
m/s
1260,00
kPa
45,00
m/s
480,00
kPa
15 - 17
˚C
other data ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
designer/manufacturer: Institute of Water Problems
of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Sofia, Bulgaria
CT 165
CT 166
POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
INSTITUTE OF FLUID-FLOW MACHINERY
INTERNATIONAL CAVITATION EROSION TEST
Laboratory Results Summarisation
Laboratory:
INSTITUTE OF WATER PROBLEMS
OF THE BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
SOFIA, Bulgaria
Facility:
CAVITATION TUNNEL
cavitator:
specimen:
cylindrical bolt
rectangular plate
pressure*:
1260,00 kPa
flow velocity: 22,50 m/s
impinged area: 242.43 mm2
working liquid: tap water, pH = 7.5, dissolved oxygen content: 5.8 mg/dm3
temperature: 15 - 17 0 C
chlorides - 32,77 mg/dm3,
sulphates - 43,88 mg/dm3
3
iron
- 5,80 mg/dm
turbidity - 14,00 mg/dm3
MDPR
Volume
loss
Eroded
area
min
mm3
mm2
µm
µm
PA2
1800
73.69
242.4
303.9
-
180
312
0.310
< 0.060
M63
1800
0.24
56.9
4.3
-
960
2850
0.008
0.008
M63
12000
40.97
100.9
406.0
-
960
2850
0.057
0.024
E04
12000
7.84
42.7
183.6
-
2500
6660
0.032
0.032
45
12000
2.66
31.8
83.73
-
3120
8460
0.019
0.019
1H18N9T
12000
0.76
29.3
25.97
-
5100
11800
0.008
0.008
E04
24000
21.18
52.9
400.3
-
2500
6660
0.033
0.011
45
24000
16.50
50.1
329.4
-
3120
8460
0.022
0.013
1H18N9T
24000
7.19
38.1
188.7
-
5100
11800
0.016
0.015
45
30000
16.50
50.1
329.4
-
3120
8460
0.022
0.003
1H18N9T
30000
11.30
42.5
265.9
-
5100
11800
0.016
0.008
1H18N9T
36000
13.56
47.2
287.3
-
5100
11800
0.016
<0.001
*
Mean&Max Depth
of Penetration
Incubation period
Test
duration
material
τ0.2
τinc
min
min
max
ultimate
µm/min
gauge pressure
CT 167
80
3
CUMULATIVE VOLUME LOSS [mm ]
PA2
60
laboratory : IWP BASci
facility
: cavitation tunnel
40
M63
E04
20
45
1H18N9T
0
0
10000
20000
TEST DURATION [min]
30000
40000
MEAN DEPTH OF PENETRATION [µm]
400
300
PA2
M63
E04
200
45
1H18N9T
100
0
0
10000
20000
TEST DURATION [min]
CT 168
30000
40000
POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
INSTITUTE OF FLUID-FLOW MACHINERY
INTERNATIONAL CAVITATION EROSION TEST
Laboratory Results Summarisation
Laboratory:
INSTITUTE OF WATER PROBLEMS
OF THE BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
SOFIA, Bulgaria
Facility:
CAVITATION TUNNEL
cavitator:
specimen:
cylindrical bolt
rectangular plate
working liquid:
pressure:
flow velocity:
impinged area:
1260,00 kPa
22,50 m/s
242.43 mm2
tap water, pH = 7.5, dissolved oxygen content: 5.8 mg/dm3
temperature: 15 ÷ 17 0 C
chlorides
- 32,77 mg/dm3,
sulphates - 43,88 mg/dm3
3
iron
- 5,80 mg/dm
turbidity - 14,00 mg/dm3
Material PA2 aluminium alloy
specimen
test
duration
mass
loss
volume
loss
eroded
area
Mean&Max Depth
of Penetration
no.
min
g
mm3
mm2
µm
1.
1800
0.19675
73.06
240.8
2.
1800
0.19085
70.87
3.
1800
0.20775
0.19845
Incubation period
MDPRmax
τ0.2
τinc
µm
min
min
µm/min
303.4
-
180
300
0.320
237.2
298.8
-
180
325
0.300
77.14
249.3
309.4
-
180
310
0.310
73.69
242.4
303.9
180
312
0.310
Mean values
1800
-
Enclosures
1. Photographs of eroded surface
2. Microsection photographs
3. Results of hardness and microhardness measurement
4. Eroded area curves
Instytut Maszyn Przepływowych PAN
ul. Gen.J.Fiszera 14, 80-952 GDAŃSK, P.O.Box 621, Poland
phone: (+4858) 341 12 71, fax: (+4858) 341 61 44, e-mail: [email protected]
CT 169
CT 170
INTERNATIONAL CAVITATION EROSION TEST
80
TOTAL VOLUME LOSS CURVES
material : PA2 aluminium
facility
: cavitation tunnel
laboratory : IWP BASci
60
Al. PA 2 - Sp. No.2
3
VOLUME LOSS [mm ]
Al. PA 2 - Sp. No.1
Al. PA 2 - Sp. No.3
40
20
0
0
500
1000
TEST DURATION [min]
CT 170
1500
2000
MEAN DEPTH OF PENETRATION [ µ m]
400
INTERNATIONAL CAVITATION EROSION TEST
MEAN DEPTH OF PENETRATION CURVES
material : PA 2 aluminium
facility
: cavitation tunnel
laboratory : IWP IWP BASci
300
Al. PA 2 - Sp. No.1
Al. PA 2 - Sp. No.2
Al. PA 2 - Sp. No.3
Mean value
200
100
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
1500
2000
TEST DURATION [min]
MEAN DEPTH OF PENETRATION RATE [µ m/min]
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0
500
1000
TEST DURATION [min]
CT 171
Enclosure 1: Photographs of eroded surface
specimen no.3 prior to the test, and after 360 and 720 minutes of exposure, respectively
CT 172
Enclosure 1: Photographs of eroded surface (continued)
specimen no.3 after 1080, 1320 and 1800 minutes of exposure, respectively
1
3
2
4
CT 173
Enclosure 1: Photographs of eroded surface (continued)
TOPOGRAPHY OF THE ERODED SURFACE
10 mm
10 mm
Erosion zones no.1 and 3
10 mm
10 mm
Erosion zones no.2 and 4
CT 174
Enclosure 2&3: Microsection photographs
Results of hardness and microhardness measurement
Microsection taken from specimen section (a-a)
in the zone of intense erosion with the average value
and sites of HV25g microhardness measurement
indicated
1 µm
1 µm
Test specimen with indicated erosion zones, sites of hardness measurement
and planes of microhardness tests
Microsection taken from specimen section (b-b) in
the zone of intense erosion showing local values of
HV25g microhardness at the surface and the
average values at lower layers
CT 175
Enclosure 3: Results of hardness and microhardness measurement (continued)
HARDNESS (according to Vickers)
Loading force: 5 kG (HV5)
Units applied: kG/m2
Measurement point
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Specimen no.1
54,8
55,2
55,7
56,8
56,8
58,3
61,6
64,6
65,8
64,3
63,9
Specimen no.2
56,4
57,0
56.8
57,0
58,1
59,2
62,3
65,6
63,2
65,2
64,2
Specimen no.3
57.2
56,1
56,1
56,3
56,3
58.7
59,8
62,7
67,0
62.3
65,1
Measurement point
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Specimen no.1
66.7
67,2
65,7
64,0
65,1
62,0
62,3
62,0
62,3
62,3
Specimen no.2
63,3
62,9
61,6
61,6
62,7
61,3
61,7
61,4
61,2
60,9
Specimen no.3
65,7
65,5
63,6
61,9
64,9
60,8
60.1
60,2
60,0
60,1
Measurement point
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Specimen no.1
58,7
59,3
66,2
67,1
66,5
66,9
67,2
66,6
59,1
58,9
Specimen no.2
58,3
58,1
67,0
66,3
65,1
65,5
66,1
67,7
58,3
58,0
Specimen no.3
58,0
58,6
66,2
64,2
63,6
63,8
64,1
66,0
58,8
58,1
Enclosure 4: Eroded area curves
ERODED AREA CURVES
material
: PA 2 aluminium
facility
: cavitation tunnel
laboratory : IWP BASci
250
2
ERODED AREA [mm ]
300
200
Al. PA 2 - Sp. No.1
Al. PA 2 - Sp. No.2
150
Al. PA 2 - Sp. No.3
100
0
500
1000
TEST DURATION [min]
CT 176
1500
2000
POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
INSTITUTE OF FLUID-FLOW MACHINERY
INTERNATIONAL CAVITATION EROSION TEST
Laboratory Results Summarisation
Laboratory:
INSTITUTE OF WATER PROBLEMS
OF THE BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
SOFIA, Bulgaria
Facility:
CAVITATION TUNNEL
cavitator:
specimen:
cylindrical bolt
rectangular plate
working liquid:
pressure:
flow velocity:
impinged area:
1260,00 kPa
22,50 m/s
242.43 mm2
tap water, pH = 7.5, dissolved oxygen content: 5.8 mg/dm3
temperature: 15 ÷ 17 0 C
chlorides
- 32,77 mg/dm3,
sulphates - 43,88 mg/dm3
3
iron
- 5,80 mg/dm
turbidity - 14,00 mg/dm3
Material: M63 brass
specimen
test
duration
mass
loss
volume
loss
eroded
area
Mean&Max Depth
of Penetration
no.
min
g
mm3
mm2
µm
4.
12000
0.34535
40.97
100.9
406.01
Incubation period
MDPRmax
τ0.2
τinc
µm
min
min
µm/min
-
960
2850
0.0567
Enclosure
Eroded area curve
Instytut Maszyn Przepływowych PAN
ul. Gen.J.Fiszera 14, 80-952 GDAŃSK, P.O.Box 621, Poland
phone: (+4858) 341 12 71, fax: (+4858) 341 61 44, e-mail: [email protected]
CT 177
CT 178
INTERNATIONAL CAVITATION EROSION TEST
80
TOTAL VOLUME LOSS CURVES
material : M63 single phase brass
facility
: cavitation tunnel
laboratory : IWP BASci
VOLUME LOSS [mm3]
60
40
20
0
0
4000
8000
TEST DURATION [min]
CT 178
12000
16000
INTERNATIONAL CAVITATION EROSION TEST
400
MEAN DEPTH OF PENETRATION [µm]
MEAN DEPTH OF PENETRATION CURVES
material : M63 single phase brass
facility
: cavitation tunnel
laboratory : IWP BASci.
300
200
100
0
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
MEAN DEPTH OF PENETRATION RATE [µm/min]
TEST DURATION [min]
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
TEST DURATION [min]
CT 179
Enclosure: Eroded area curve
2
ERODED AREA [mm ]
120
100
80
ERODED AREA CURVES
material : M63 single phase brass
facility
: cavitation tunnel
laboratory : IWP BASci
60
40
0
CT 180
4000
8000
TEST DURATION [min]
12000
16000
POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
INSTITUTE OF FLUID-FLOW MACHINERY
INTERNATIONAL CAVITATION EROSION TEST
Laboratory Results Summarisation
Laboratory:
INSTITUTE OF WATER PROBLEMS
OF THE BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
SOFIA, Bulgaria
Facility:
CAVITATION TUNNEL
cavitator:
specimen:
cylindrical bolt
rectangular plate
working liquid:
pressure:
flow velocity:
impinged area:
1260,00 kPa
22,50 m/s
242.43 mm2
tap water, pH = 7.5, dissolved oxygen content: 5.8 mg/dm3
temperature: 15 ÷ 17 0 C
chlorides
- 32,77 mg/dm3,
sulphates - 43,88 mg/dm3
3
iron
- 5,80 mg/dm
turbidity - 14,00 mg/dm3
Material: E04 Armco iron
specimen
test
duration
mass
loss
volume
loss
eroded
area
Mean&Max Depth
of Penetration
no.
min
g
mm3
mm2
µm
5.
24000
0.16630
21.18
52.9
400.31
Incubation period
MDPRmax
τ0.2
τinc
µm
min
min
µm/min
-
2500
6660
0.0325
Instytut Maszyn Przepływowych PAN
ul. Gen.J.Fiszera 14, 80-952 GDAŃSK, P.O.Box 621, Poland
phone: (+4858) 341 12 71, fax: (+4858) 341 61 44, e-mail: [email protected]
CT 181
CT 182
40
INTERNATIONAL CAVITATION EROSION TEST
TOTAL VOLUME LOSS CURVES
material
: E04 Armco iron
facility
: cavitation tunnel
laboratory : IWP BASci.
VOLUME LOSS [mm3]
30
20
10
0
0
10000
20000
TEST DURATION [min]
CT 182
30000
40000
MEAN DEPTH OF PENETRATION [µm]
400
INTERNATIONAL CAVITATION EROSION TEST
300
200
100
MEAN DEPTH OF PENETRATION CURVES
material : E04 Armco iron
facility
: cavitation tunnel
laboratory : IWP BASci.
0
0
10000
20000
TEST DURATION [min]
30000
40000
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
MEAN DEPTH OF PENETRATION RATE [ µ m/min]
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
TEST DURATION [min]
CT 183
Enclosure: Eroded area curve
ERODED AREA [mm 2]
60
50
40
ERODED AREA CURVES
material : E04 Armco iron
facility
: cavitation tunnel
laboratory : IWP BASci
30
20
0
10000
20000
TEST DURATION [min]
CT 184
30000
40000
POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
INSTITUTE OF FLUID-FLOW MACHINERY
INTERNATIONAL CAVITATION EROSION TEST
Laboratory Results Summarisation
Laboratory:
INSTITUTE OF WATER PROBLEMS
OF THE BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
SOFIA, Bulgaria
Facility:
CAVITATION TUNNEL
cavitator:
specimen:
cylindrical bolt
rectangular plate
working liquid:
pressure:
flow velocity:
impinged area:
1260,00 kPa
22,50 m/s
242.43 mm2
tap water, pH = 7.5, dissolved oxygen content: 5.8 mg/dm3
temperature: 15 ÷ 17 0 C
chlorides
- 32,77 mg/dm3,
sulphates - 43,88 mg/dm3
3
iron
- 5,80 mg/dm
turbidity - 14,00 mg/dm3
Material: 45 carbon steel
specimen
test
duration
mass
loss
volume
loss
eroded
area
Mean&Max Depth
of Penetration
no.
min
g
mm3
mm2
µm
6.
30 000
0.12985
16.50
50.1
329.41
Incubation period
MDPRmax
τ0.2
τinc
µm
min
min
µm/min
-
3120
8460
0.0222
Enclosures
Eroded area curve
Instytut Maszyn Przepływowych PAN
ul. Gen.J.Fiszera 14, 80-952 GDAŃSK, P.O.Box 621, Poland
phone: (+4858) 341 12 71, fax: (+4858) 341 61 44, e-mail: [email protected]
CT 185
CT 186
INTERNATIONAL CAVITATION EROSION TEST
20
TOTAL VOLUME LOSS CURVES
material : 45 carbon steel
facility
: cavitation tunnel
laboratory : IWP BASci.
VOLUME LOSS [mm 3]
15
10
5
0
0
10000
20000
TEST DURATION [min]
CT 186
30000
40000
INTERNATIONAL CAVITATION EROSION TEST
MEAN DEPTH OF PENETRATION [µm]
400
300
200
100
MEAN DEPTH OF PENETRATION CURVES
material : 45 carbon steel
facility
: cavitation tunnel
laboratory : IWP BASci
0
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
30000
40000
TEST DURATION [min]
MEAN DEPTH OF PENETRATION RATE [ µ m/min]
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
0
10000
20000
TEST DURATION [min]
CT 187
Enclosure: Eroded area curve
2
ERODED AREA [mm ]
60
ERODED AREA CURVES
material : 45 carbon steel
facility
: cavitation tunnel
laboratory : IWP BASci
50
40
30
20
0
10000
20000
TEST DURATION [min]
CT 188
30000
40000
POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
INSTITUTE OF FLUID-FLOW MACHINERY
INTERNATIONAL CAVITATION EROSION TEST
Laboratory Results Summarisation
Laboratory:
INSTITUTE OF WATER PROBLEMS
OF THE BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
SOFIA, Bulgaria
Facility:
CAVITATION TUNNEL
cavitator:
specimen:
cylindrical bolt
rectangular plate
working liquid:
pressure:
flow velocity:
impinged area:
1260,00 kPa
22,50 m/s
242.43 mm2
tap water, pH = 7.5, dissolved oxygen content: 5.8 mg/dm3
temperature: 15 ÷ 17 0 C
chlorides
- 32,77 mg/dm3,
sulphates - 43,88 mg/dm3
3
iron
- 5,80 mg/dm
turbidity - 14,00 mg/dm3
Material: 1H18N9T acid resistant steel
specimen
test
duration
mass
loss
volume
loss
eroded
area
Mean&Max Depth
of Penetration
no.
min
g
mm3
mm2
µm
7.
36000
0.10695
13.56
47.2
287.3
Incubation period
MDPRmax
τ0.2
τinc
µm
min
min
µm/min
-
5100
11800
0.016
Enclosures
Eroded area curve
CT 189
CT 190
INTERNATIONAL CAVITATION EROSION TEST
16
TOTAL VOLUME LOSS CURVES
material : 1H18N9T chromium steel
facility
: cavitation tunnel
laboratory : IWP BASci
VOLUME LOSS [mm3]
12
8
4
0
0
10000
20000
TEST DURATION [min]
CT 190
30000
40000
INTERNATIONAL CAVITATION EROSION TEST
MEAN DEPTH OF PENETRATION [ µ m]
400
MEAN DEPTH OF PENETRATION CURVES
material : 1H18N9T chronium steel
facility
: cavitation tunnel
laboratory : IWP BASci
300
200
100
0
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
30000
40000
TEST DURATION [min]
MEAN DEPTH OF PENETRATION RATE [ µ m/min]
0.020
0.015
0.010
0.005
0.000
0
10000
20000
TEST DURATION [min]
CT 191
Enclosure: Eroded area curve
2
ERODED AREA [mm ]
60
ERODED AREA CURVES
material : 1H18N9T chromium steel
facility
: cavitation tunnel
laboratory : IWP BASci
50
40
30
20
0
10000
20000
TEST DURATION [min]
CT 192
30000
40000