Results and Issues of
Demonstration Study
Takeyuki Kamimoto
Chairman, JHFC Demonstration Promotion
Contents
■ Results of Demonstration Tests
■ Clarified Issues
■ Proposals for Next Demonstration Tests
Results of Demonstration Tests
（Overall）
Result and
Issues
Built hydrogen stations and performed actual drive
tests of FCV and FC buses using the stations.
As a result, the practicability and issues of FCVs
and hydrogen stations have been clarified.
Hydrogen station location
Liquid hydrogen manufacturing plant
Results of Demonstration Tests
（Overall）
During the Aichi Expo, the 1
million visitors to the venue
used FC bus, which verified
potential of FC bus and
hydrogen station as mass
transportation means.
Result and
Issues
Seto Minami/Seto Kita hydrogen station
Nagagute venue
Bus terminal
Seto venue
Bus terminal
Between terminals
One way about 4.4km
Period held：
March 25 to September 25, 2005
Results of Demonstration Tests
（Automobile）
Indicated that FCV and FC bus have outstanding
fuel efficiency compared to conventional ICV and
HEV, and clarified energy saving effects of FCV.
Result and
Issues
Results of Demonstration Tests
（Hydrogen-Refueling）
Result and
Issues
Clarified the current status of energy efficiency for
each hydrogen station.
■On-site
reformation
Locations
Facility type
Energy efficiency ％ LHV
(HHV)
Yokohama
Daikoku
Yokohama
Asahi
desulfurized gasoline
reformation
58.7 (64.1)
naphtha reformation
60.4 (66.2)
Kawasaki
methanol reformation
65.0 (68.8)
Hadano
kerosene reformation
54.6 (61.1)
LPG reformation
58.7 (63.8)
city gas reformation
60.7 (65.2)
city gas reformation
62.5 (66.7)
Senju
Seto South
„ Energy efficiency from feedstock to fuel tank on the vehicle was calculated
„ Electricity is regarded as 3.6 MJ/kWh (No power generation efficiency is taken
into account)
„ Energy of gaseous material : heating value and energy of compression
Also calculated efficiency for other water electrolysis methods and offsite methods, etc.
Results of Demonstration Tests
(Total Efficiency)
Result and
Issues
The total efficiency and CO2 emissions were calculated based on demonstration data
of FCVs and hydrogen refueling stations, and environment impact was clarified.
Vehicle type
０
Total CO2 emissions per 1 km drive （１０/１５ mode）
Unit：ｇ-CO2/km
150
100
200
50
ＦＣＶ current
ＦＣＶ future
Gasoline
Gasoline HV
Diesel
Diesel HV
ＣＮＧ
ＢＥＶ(Battery EV)
FCV current： Hydrogen station and FCV data are from JHFC verification results top values and other data
are calculated from literature top values
FCV future：Calculated from FCV future efficiency 60％ and literature top values
Power configuration：Japan average power supply configuration
Results of Demonstration Tests
(Clarification of Troubles)
Through the demonstration
tests, troubles of elemental
technologies were clarified,
shared among JHFC
members, and improved.
Result and
Issues
Receptacle exterior
Changed portion
Repeated connectability improvement by changing receptacle specifications
Feedstock
＋
steam
Hydrogen leakage from emergency breakaway device
Reforming gas
Crack
Damage on reformer outlet piping
Results of Demonstration Tests
（Reflect to Standards）
By actually driving FCVs and FC buses over and
over again, trouble information accumulated
through driving was taken into account when
drawing up/reexamining safety standards.
Results of analyzing hydrogen tanks used in FCV
actual drive, were reflected in standards on
container illustration.
Results of hydrogen purity measurement at each
hydrogen station were provided as reference data
for reviewing hydrogen specifications by ISO and
SAE.
Result and
Issues
Results of Verification Tests (Others）
As a result of various PR activities, improved
recognition of FCV.
Know the basics
内容認知あり
2005
2005FY
33.5
N=400
2004
2004FY
29.0
N=400
2003
2003FY
27.8
N=424
2002
20.8
2002FY
N=424
0
20
Have heard it
聞いたことがある
74.0
40.5
41.3
70.3
40.3
68.2
36.6
40
57.3
60
80
100
FCV Recognition ％
By promoting PR and safety promotion activities,
accumulated various know-how (guidelines, etc.).
Result and
Issues
Clarified Issues（Vehicle）
Vehicle weight
FCV average weight １７１７ｋｇ
Base vehicle average weight１３５０ｋｇ
Result and
Issues
Weight difference
of more than
350kg currently
Vehicle Range
Requires multiple hydrogen refills during drive from
Tokyo and Nagoya
Ariake
EXPO
Venue
Hadano
Shizuoka
Hamamatsu
During caravan
(total about 380km),
refilled at Hadano,
Shizuoka, and
Hamamatsu
Clarified Issues
（Hydrogen Refueling）
Result and
Issues
Most of the issues were related to technologies
concerning hydrogen refueling.
Hardware
・Measures against leakage of hydrogen from hose,
emergency breakaway device, etc.
・Improvement of connectability of nozzle and
receptacles
Software
・Presence of restrictive conditions during
refueling, such as setting of different refueling
speeds by model and refueling speed restrictions
during summer, etc.
Clarified Issues
（Public Relation）
Result and
Issues
While recognition has increased, interests are on the downward trend
→Need to draw up PR strategies for dissemination of FCV
2005 16.3
2005FY
N=400
2004 27.5
2004FY
N=400
2003 24.1
2003FY
N=424
2002FY
2002 17.5
N=424
0
20
44.8
45.5
19.8
44.3
やや興味・関
Got
interested
心を持った
21.0
47.2
40
Got
興味・関心を
持った
interested
28.0
somewhat
どちらともい
Can’t say
えない
for sure
24.8
60
80
Interests Level on FCV %
100
Conditions for FCV Dissemination
Result and
Issues
FVCs will disseminate for the first time when the following three conditions are met;
FCV
Able to indicate mass sales
prospects （reliability, durability,
product cost performance, vehicle
range, etc.)
Hydrogen supply
Inexpensive large hydrogen supply
methods are available
(Reference)2020 NEDO target：40 yen/Nm3
2015 DOE target：2-3$/equivalent gasoline gallon
Laws, criteria, standards,
Laws, criteria, standards required
for FCV mass production and
hydrogen distribution have been
established
Regarding cost
reduction of FCV and
hydrogen supply, the
development efforts of
companies are expected.
Simultaneous
implementation of
FCV mass
production
preparations and
preparation of
hydrogen supply
facilities at
various places
Role of Demonstration Tests
FCV
Able to indicate mass sales
prospects （reliability, durability,
product cost performance, vehicle
range, etc.)
Hydrogen supply
Inexpensive large hydrogen supply
methods are available
Result and
Issues
Monitor FCV,
hydrogen
infrastructure
technological level
(Reference)2020 NEDO target：40 yen/Nm3
2015 DOE target：2-3$/equivalent gasoline gallon
Laws, criteria, standards,
Laws, criteria, standards required
for FCV mass production and
hydrogen distribution have been
established
Support
establishment of
laws, criteria, and
standards
Proposal of
Next Demonstration Tests (1)
Result and
Issues
Demonstration tests in high rate operation by fleet
tests, etc.
Extract technological issues through long term
running of FCVs and hydrogen stations
Verification of new technologies related to hydrogen
refueling
Review of “faster and safer” refueling methods
Review of applicability of various elemental parts
Interface between vehicles and hydrogen stations
（Communication, etc.)
Verification of technologies for improvement of
vehicle range
７０MPa hydrogen refueling, etc.
Proposal of
Next Demonstration Tests (2)
Result and
Issues
Review on economic viability of hydrogen refueling
infrastructure (including distribution)
Acquisition of various data contributing to further reinspection of regulations corresponding to
dissemination
PR, educational activities for dissemination
Draw up PR strategies and implementation
Disclosure of results obtained in this term’s
demonstration tests
Systemization of results obtained by PR and safety
activities, etc. →Announcement to general
Result and
Issues