RESEARCH &
PERSPECTIVES
Euro Area Political Risks Rise To The Fore
By Laura Sarlo, CFA, VP, Senior Sovereign Analyst and Aimee Kaye, VP, Sovereign Analyst
• Despite solid economic
growth in the euro area
in 2016 and thus far in
2017, contentious populist
candidates representing
many alienated voters
continue to attract votes in
many euro area countries.
• We look for the euro area
economy to grow around
1.5% again this year, still
above trend.
PERFORMANCE OF
POPULIST PARTIES
Source: Eurasia. A selection of
reputable independent European
polling organizations - Research
Affairs, INSA, Invymark,
Taloustutkimus, Elabe, Metron
Analysis, IPSOS, EMG, De
Stemming, Eurosondagem,
Opinium.
The countries outlined in a box are
scheduled or likely to have elections
this year. The latest polls for the
populists are shown in light blue.
European Parliament 2009
European Parliament 2014
In 2017, the risks to the euro area stem from
politics, not the economy. Despite solid economic
growth in the euro area in 2016 and thus far in
2017, contentious populist candidates representing
many alienated voters continue to attract votes in
many euro area countries.
The scheduled elections in the Netherlands, France and Germany this year all offer
populist candidates. There is also the possibility of game-changing elections later in the
year for Italy. Given that markets were wrong in their expectations about Brexit and the
subsequent US election of President Donald Trump, there should be heightened attention
to the potential for political risks driving markets this year.
50
45
% OF VOTE / % OF POLLING
KEY TAKEAWAYS
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Austria Germany
Spain Finland
France Greece Ireland
Italy
Neth.
Portugal Sweden
UK
November 2015 Opinion Polls
January 2017 Opinion Polls
FEBRUARY 2017
1
ISSUES MOST IMPORTANT TO EUROPE'S POPULIST PARTIES*
ANTIAUSTERITY
ANTIGLOBALIZATION
ANTI-EURO
ZONE
ANTIESTABLISHMENT
PODEMOS
SPAIN
X
X
X
SYRIZA
GREECE
X
X
X
FIVE STAR MOVEMENT
ITALY
X
X
X
ANTIEUROPEAN
UNION
ANTIIMMIGRATION
ANTIISLAM
UK INDEPENDENCE PARTY
BRITAIN
X
X
X
X
X
NATIONAL FRONT
FRANCE
X
X
X
X
X
X
FREEDOM PARTY
NETHERLANDS
X
X
X
X
X
ALTERNATIVE FOR GERMANY
GERMANY
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
FREEDOM PARTY
AUSTRIA
X
X
Source: Europe Elects, data as of January 2017.
*Parties shown represent current dominant populist parties in selected European countries.
March 15, 2017: The Dutch Election
POPULIST PARTY
MOMENTUM
The Dutch election is the
first major one on the 2017
calendar, notable also for
being a ‘core’ European
country where the populist
party has gained significant
momentum.
• The Dutch election is the first major one on the 2017 calendar, notable also for being a ‘core’
European country where the populist party has gained significant momentum. That said,
in January Prime Minister Mark Rutte ruled out any coalition with Geert Wilders’ populist
Freedom Party (PVV). Polls suggest that the PVV may come first in the polls but is not
likely to form the government given other parties’ unwillingness to work with them. This
probably means a messy coalition of other parties. Also, bear in mind that in all probability
it will take some time to actually form a government; it took 49 days in 2012 and 127 days
in 2010 to do just that.
• The anti-euro PVV party, created in 2004, won 6% of the vote in 2006, 16% in 2010, and
10% in 2012. Despite being a meaningful presence for the last seven years, the party has
mostly been in the opposition, as other parties won't work with them. They came closest to
participating in forming a government in 2010 when PVV backing was key to supporting
the minority coalition government of the People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD)
and the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).
• The PVV is exerting a gravitational pull—Prime Minister Rutte is looking to pull votes
from the far right with his recent full-page ad run in all major Dutch papers stating that
immigrants should “act normal or leave”, according to an article this past January in the
Washington Post. The Prime Minister’s coalition government also recently suffered a setback
when a cabinet minister resigned as a result of an ongoing investigation about misinforming
parliament regarding the government giving funds to a convicted drug trafficker.
• To date, this election has not gotten enough market attention, in our view, but we expect the
pendulum will swing the other way as the election approaches.
MARCH 2017
2
THE CURRENT OUTLOOK FOR THE DUTCH PARTIES' LIKELY SEAT COUNT IN
PARLIAMENT/HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
CURRENT SEATS IN HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES
DECEMBER 18, 2016 POLLS
FEBRUARY 19, 2017 POLLS
VVD - People's Party for Freedom and
Democracy
40
23
25
PVDA - Labour Party
35
10
11
SP - Socialist Party
15
11
11
CDA - Christian Democratic Appeal
13
14
17
PVV - Party for Freedom
12
36
29
D66 - Democrats 66
12
14
14
CU - Christian Union
5
5
5
GL - GroenLinks
4
14
18
SGP - Reformed Political Party
3
3
3
PvdD - Party for the Animals
2
5
4
50PLUS
1
11
10
INDEPENDENT
8
4
3
150
150
150
TOTAL
Source: Peil Opinion Poll. (Leftish parties in grey, rightish parties in light purple).
Not all Dutch political parties are represented in the House of Representatives.
April 23 and May 7, 2017: The French Election
STILL UP IN THE AIR
There continues to be
considerable uncertainty
surrounding the possible
outcome of French
elections, given that
the landscape can still
change—other candidates
may still jump in the
race and partnerships
between candidates may
meaningfully alter voters’
choices.
FEBRUARY 2017
• There continues to be considerable uncertainty surrounding the possible outcome of
French elections, given that the landscape can still change—other candidates may still
jump in the race and partnerships between candidates, such as the recently announced
Emmanuel Macron-Francois Bayrou alliance representing two powerful forces in the
election, may meaningfully alter voters’ choices. If the current landscape persists, polls
suggest Marine Le Pen of the anti-euro National Front could perform strongly, but
ultimately lose in the second round on May 7, likely to independent Emmanuel Macron,
former economy minister in the Francois Hollande government.
• Most notably, the two main establishment parties of the center-left and center-right have
been pushed aside by voters, a trend we’ve seen across several European countries in the
last few years. The center-left (Socialists) primary in January produced Benoit Hamon,
a candidate broadly considered too far left to likely perform well in the April election.
The center-right primary in November was upended by former Prime Minister Francois
Fillon’s late surge to victory. Fillon quickly became the front-runner for the April
election, and many analysts were excited about his structural reform plans. But Fillon’s
prospects have fallen fast in the wake of revelations that Fillon paid large sums to his
wife and children as staff members.
3
• While polls throughout 2016 and so far in 2017 suggest that Le Pen will lose in the
second round on May 7, the unexpected landscape of candidates, paired with increased
uncertainty given news flow and scandals, has raised market nervousness about a Le
Pen victory and the potential for France to possibly pursue exiting the euro area. French
government bond spreads over Germany have reached their widest levels since 2012.
September 24, 2017: The German Election
UPENDING THE RACE
The entrance of former
European Parliament
President Martin Shulz
as the center-left, Social
Democratic Party’s (SPD)
challenger to Chancellor
Angela Merkel has
upended the race.
• While markets are now focused on the French election, the German election has
been growing ever more interesting. The entrance of former European Parliament
President Martin Shulz as the center-left, Social Democratic Party’s (SPD) challenger to
Chancellor Angela Merkel has upended the race. Recent polls show that if the chancellor
were directly elected (which does not happen in the parliamentary system), Shulz would
tie with Merkel, and some polls have put Schulz’ SPD narrowly ahead of Merkel’s
Christian Democratic Union (CDU).
• These rising poll numbers for the SPD create the possibility that a center-left coalition
could run Germany, although the most likely scenario in our view at this point remains
a grand coalition across the center-left and center-right. The anti-euro Alternative for
Germany (AfD) party had attracted voters from both the left and right, and the recent
bump in polls for the center-left SPD has seemed to sap some strength from the AfD.
• There’s still a long time until the vote, and a lot can happen between now and then, both
in domestic German politics as well as geopolitics. Any wobble in the agreement with
Turkey that has capped the refugee flow to Germany may also pressure the German
election.
Italy
A HUNG PARLIAMENT
The current political
landscape suggests that
elections could produce a
hung parliament, similar
to the last election in
2013, or a coalition
government with dim
prospects for the kind
of strong reform agenda
that could raise Italy’s
persistently sluggish
economic growth.
FEBRUARY 2017
• Italian government bond spreads over Germany have widened recently, partly on
expectations that the European Central Bank (ECB) is past the peak point of monetary
accommodation, but also due to decreased prospects for reform in Italy.
• While elections are due before spring 2018, we expect elections will occur late in 2017
after parliament revises the electoral law that was partly rejected by voters in December’s
referendum and partly struck down by the Constitutional Court in January.
• The current political landscape suggests that elections could produce a hung parliament,
similar to the last election in 2013, or a coalition government with dim prospects for
the kind of strong reform agenda that could raise Italy’s persistently sluggish economic
growth.
• The populist, anti-euro Five Star (M5S) party has polled within two-four points of
former Prime Minister Matteo Renzi’s Democratic Party (PD) since last summer, with
former Prime Minister Silvio Berluscon’s Forza Italia (FI) polling steadily in third place
and likely to be a factor in coalition negotiations. Former PM Renzi has resigned as
party leader, seeking to re-establish authority over the PD after a party congress, but also
opening the possibility that new party leadership could emerge this spring.
4
INFLATIONARY
PRESSURE?
While the economy is
absorbing some of the
excess capacity generated
by the crises, as indicated
by employment growth of
about 1.7% year-on-year,
we believe there is still
more capacity to use up
before risking inflationary
pressure.
FEBRUARY 2017
Solid Economic Expansion In The Euro Zone
While politics throw up any number of risks for the euro area this year, it appears to be a
far better story on the economic front. Activity has been expanding solidly, driven largely
by growing consumption, with more moderate growth in investment. We look for the euro
area economy to grow around 1.5% again this year, still above trend, as the healing process
continues after the global financial crisis (GFC) and the acute phase of euro crisis. While the
economy is absorbing some of the excess capacity generated by the crises, as indicated by yearon-year employment growth of about 1.7%, we believe there is still more capacity to use up
before risking inflationary pressure. For example, according to Eurostat/Haver statistics there
were still 15.6 million unemployed workers in the euro area as of December 2016, down from
the euro crisis peak of 19.3 million reached in the second quarter of 2013, but still far above
the pre-GFC level of 11 million workers reached in March 2008.
5
One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111
AUTHORS
LAURA SARLO, CFA
VP, Senior Sovereign Analyst
www.loomissayles.com
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AIMEE KAYE
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