Chapter 1 - Exchange of materials
1
During marathon races, athletes are advised to drink sports drinks.
Choose the correct words from the list below to complete the sentences.
alcohol fat ions protein starch sugar water
While running the athletes sweat.
The sports drink replaces the ……………. and ……………… lost in sweat.
The drinks are also a source of energy because they contain …………
2
(3)
The diagram shows an alveolus and a blood capillary.
The alveolus and the blood capillary are gas exchange surfaces.
a
i
Where in the body would these structures be found?
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ii
(1)
Give two features visible in the diagram that allow efficient gas exchange
to take place.
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b
i
(2)
Name the gas that moves from the alveolus into the blood.
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ii
Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.
diffusion osmosis ventilation
Gases are drawn into the alveolus by the process of ………………
iii
(1)
Describe two changes that take place in the body to draw gases into the
alveolus.
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3
(2)
Substances move in and out of plants.
List A shows some processes.
List B shows descriptions for these processes.
Match each process with its correct description.
List A
List B
active transport
how water is lost through stomata
osmosis
enables root cells to absorb ions
from very dilute soil water
evaporation
transport of sugar through the
plant
movement of water from cell to
cell
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B3 – Further Biology
4
In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information
clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.
The diagram shows a design for an artificial lung.
Many people with lung disease are confined to a wheelchair or are unable to do much
exercise. Scientists hope that a portable artificial lung, the size of a spectacle
case, can be developed. This device might replace the need for lung transplants and
allow patients to live a normal life.
When scientists design an artificial lung, what features of a normal lung must they
copy? Suggest the advantages of the artificial lung compared with a lung transplant.
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B3 – Further Biology
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Chapter 2 - Transporting materials
1
a
Platelets are found in the blood plasma. Some sick people need platelets as part
of their treatment.
What is the function of platelets?
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b
(1)
Some people donate whole blood, but the National Blood Service also needs
platelet donations.
Read the facts about blood donation and platelet donation in the table below.
Blood donation
Platelet donation
Age of donors
17+
17+
Number of possible
donations per year
2–3
8–12
Diet before
donating
normal diet
a few days of low fat food, no
aspirin or other ‘blood-thinning
drugs’
Volume removed
470 cm3 blood
400–600 cm3 of straw coloured
liquid
Time to test blood
before donation
time for confidential
questionnaire plus a few
minutes for a finger-prick
test to find out
haemoglobin levels
often a previous blood donor; extra
blood tests take about 8 weeks to
check platelet levels
Usual time to
donate
10 minutes to donate blood
plus resting time; about
1 hour in total
90 minutes to donate platelets plus
resting time; about 2 hours in total
Time for blood to
get back to normal
about 16 weeks
a few days
Keeping time
depends on treatment –
blood is separated into
different parts such as red
cells or plasma; some is
frozen
5 days
Number of people
to benefit from a
single donation
blood is often split into
components, including
platelets; 3–7 people may
benefit
three adults or up to 12 children
Benefit to person
receiving platelets
may require platelets from
several donors
platelets received from one donor
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Use information from the table and your own knowledge to answer the questions.
i
The National Blood Service needs more platelet donors. Why?
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ii
(1)
Give two reasons why doctors prefer platelet donation for seriously ill
patients who require platelets.
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iii
Give one disadvantage of platelet donation for the National Blood Service.
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iv
(2)
(1)
Blood platelet donors choose to donate because they know the benefits to
patients but there are disadvantages to donating platelets instead of whole
blood. Give two disadvantages for the donor of platelets.
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v
(2)
Give one advantage to the donor for platelet donation over whole blood
donation.
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2
The photograph shows a red blood cell in part of a blood clot. The fibres labelled X
are produced in the early stages of the clotting process.
a
Suggest how the fibres labelled X help in blood-clot formation.
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b
(1)
The average diameter of a real red blood cell is 0.008 millimetres.
On the photograph, the diameter of the red blood cell is 100 millimetres.
Use the formula to calculate the magnification of the photograph.
diameter on photograph = real diameter × magnification
Magnification = ……………………….
c
(2)
Some blood capillaries have an internal diameter of approximately 0.01
millimetres.
i
Use information given in part b to explain why only one red blood cell at a
time can pass through a capillary.
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ii
Explain the advantages of red blood cells passing through a capillary one at a
time.
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Chapter 3 - Keeping internal conditions constant
1
a
The human body must keep internal conditions constant.
List A shows some conditions.
List B shows some monitoring or control centres.
Match each condition with its correct monitoring or control centre.
List A
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List B
blood glucose level
kidneys
body temperature
pancreas
blood water content
thermoregulatory centre
skin
b
Choose the correct words from the list below to complete the sentence.
amino
fatty
kidney
lactic
liver
lung
pancreas
Urea is produced in the ……………… by the breakdown of ……………acids.
2
a
Which two of the following substances are found in the urine of a healthy
person? Circle your answers.
glucose
mineral
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proteins
water
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b
A person with kidney disease can be treated by dialysis.
The diagram shows how dialysis works. The circles represent molecules of
different substances.
Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.
i
During dialysis, urea moves out of the ……………… .
blood cells
ii
dialysis fluid
During dialysis, urea moves into the ……………… .
blood cells
iii
blood plasma
(1)
blood plasma
(1)
dialysis fluid
Urea moves by the process of ……………… .
diffusion
digestion
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transpiration
B3 – Further Biology
iv
To allow the movement of urea, the dialysis
membrane is ……………. .
(1)
impermeable
v
partially permeable
thick
The urea can pass through the membrane because the
urea molecules are ………………. . (1)
large
c
round
small
For most patients, a kidney transplant is better than continued dialysis
treatment.
Underline the correct phrase to complete the sentence.
One major problem with a kidney transplant is that …
3

… drug treatment is needed to suppress the immune system.

… hospital visits are needed three times a week.

… yearly costs are higher than for dialysis.
(1)
When a person has a kidney transplant, the donor kidney must be matched to their
tissue type.
Choose the correct words from the list below to complete the sentences.
antibodies
antiseptics
protein
aspirin
immunosuppressants
urea
On the surface of the kidney cells are antigens …………………….
Antigens are made of …………………….
The antigens may be attacked by the person’s …………………….
To prevent the attack on the donor kidney the person is
given drugs called …………………….
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B3 – Further Biology
4
When a person gets too cold, the organs cannot function properly. Below 35 °C the
person could die. Alcohol causes blood vessels to stay dilated.
A person found collapsed on a cold mountain should not be given an alcoholic drink.
Explain why.
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5
In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information
clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.
A person with type 1 diabetes cannot produce enough of the hormone insulin.
Some diabetics use an insulin pump that is attached to the body. They can increase
or decrease the amount of insulin which is injected, depending on
their lifestyle.
Describe how insulin controls blood glucose levels and explain why a diabetic may
need to change their insulin levels at certain times.
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B3 – Further Biology
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Chapter 4 - How humans can affect the environment
1
The diagram shows how the manure from a cow can be recycled.
a
Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
i
The gas used for cooking is …………………………..
(1)
carbon dioxide methane nitrogen
ii
The gas released into the atmosphere is …………………….
(1)
carbon dioxide methane nitrogen
iii
The gas absorbed by the plants is …………………………
(1)
carbon dioxide methane nitrogen
b
i
Name the biological process that occurs in the biogas generator.
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ii
Name the organisms that are active in the biogas generator.
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c
(1)
(1)
The biogas generator is built underground. Suggest two reasons for this.
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2
Humans need food, water and shelter. Large areas of land must be cleared to grow
food or to build houses. Sometimes valleys are flooded in order to store water in
reservoirs.
a
Land is usually cleared by cutting trees down. Give two disadvantages to the
environment of removing trees.
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b
(2)
The cleared land may be used for rearing cattle or growing rice.
i
Name the two gases which increase in the atmosphere due to these
activities.
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ii
(2)
Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence.
These gases may contribute to …………………………..
(1)
global warming food production deforestation
c
Water in reservoirs can sometimes be polluted by human farming activities.
Explain how.
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3
(2)
In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information
clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.
Producing food efficiently to feed an increasing human population is a challenge for
farmers. Describe how farmers increase the efficiency of food production.
You should refer to food chains and reducing energy loss in your answer.
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B3 – Further Biology
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