Presented by
Gian Vasquez
Classes 1A and 1B
 After
class discussion, pair review and power
point presentation; Students will be able to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
List and Describe three changes associated
with sedentary life.
List two ways in communal life was
necessitated by agriculture.
Identify three vocabulary words
Identify two people who did not change
with agriculture
List two areas where the people who did
not change remain
 Sedentary:
settled life based on agriculture
(farming)
 Changes
1.
2.
3.
and problems
What to do with surplus food? – betters
means of storage.
Increase in population – division of labor
and social stratification (social status).
Social control: religion, law and order, and
political organization
Surplus wealth: trade exchange
1.
•
•
•
Communal or collective work:
Assist in farming: Contribute and share
Public works: building roads and drains
Private works: building of homes
 Look
into your notebook and identify your
Stann Creek partner.
 You will both remain standing facing each
other. There should be no one seated
 You will tell each other the following.
 You will have 15 seconds to get with your
partner and 2 minutes to discuss
1.
2.
What are the three changes that
agriculture brought to human civilization
In what areas did agriculture force humans
to live communal lives?
 Assignment:
Using a dictionary, define the
following terms
1. Sedentarism
2. Periodontal
3. Hyperplasias
4. Hydrology
5. Artefacts
6. Ovicaprines
7. Bovid
1.
2.
People with iron could put to use more and
more bush and forestlands.
Iron weapons allowed people to control
fertile land from others and enemies
 Change:
intermarriage between groups
allowed for peaceful coexistence. Intergroup trade provided for amicable
relations
 Remain: Twa, Mbaka, Mbuti and San
retreated to the rainforest and Kalahari
 Other
1.
2.
forms of life other than agriculture
Pastoralist: herders (savannah)
Hunter/Gathers (Kalahari and
rainforest)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
List the three changes agriculture brought
to human societies in West Africa
List two areas in which humans were forced
to be communal.
List two vocabulary words.
List two people who did not change their
way of life with agriculture
Name one area where this occurred.
 Objectives:
Individual and group work,
students will be able to:
1. List at least three innovations made by
early African civilizations
2. Define at least two vocabulary terms
3. List four early innovations in Africa
 Using
your textbook, identify and create a
list of 8 Innovations made by early African
societies.
 Describe at least one. (explain fully)
 You
have 10 minutes to get the exercise
done.
 Paper will be given to you.
 There should be no talking. If you need
assistance please raise your hand.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Sedentarism: remaining in one place
Periodontal: of, denoting, or affecting the gums and other
tissuses surrounding the teeth.
Hyperplasias: An abnormal increase in cells in a tissue or
organ, excluding tumor formation, whereby the bulk of
the tissue or organ is increased.
Hydrology: the science dealing with the occurrence,
circulation, distribution, and properties of the waters of
the earth and its atmosphere.
Artefacts: something made or given shape by man, such as
a tool or a work of art, esp an object of archaeological
interest
Ovicaprines: Italian for sheep and goats
Bovid:Any of various hoofed, horned ruminant mammals of
the family Bovidae, which includes cattle, sheep, goats,
buffaloes, bisons, antelopes, and yaks.
Mathematics
Metallurgy
Astronomy
Architecture and Engineering
Boat making and Navigation
Medicine and Healing
Writing
Agricultural Science
Food Processing Technology
Basketry and Pottery
Textile Industry
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Fire: domestic use around 1.4 million years ago.
Tetracycline: 14 centuries ago (1400 years)
Cereals: 7,000 years ago
Cattle domestication: 15,000 years ago
Glider plane: 2,300 years ago
Steel smelting: 1,500 to 2000 years ago
Astronomical observatory: 300 B.C.
And there were many other accomplishments
(mathematics, agriculture and civilization)
1.
2.
3.
List 5 major innovations by Africans
Define any two vocabulary terms
List 3 early innovations by Africans
The Ishango
Bones
A 25 thousand year old bone
 Found near an ancient fishing site called
Ishango in the Congo region of Africa
 Discovered by Dr. de Heinzelin
 Dr. Marshack concluded it is a lunar calendar
 Others believe it to be tallies
 Any which way it is an example of early
mathematics or the beginning of
mathematics.

1.
2.
Yoruba mathematics: based on
twenty and relies on subtraction to
a very high degree. Eg: 9 = (10-1)
Architectural designs: granaries of
the dogon
3.
Kuba of Kongo: Bowls, human
body, Cloth
4.
Asante: Brass weights for
measuring gold dust
 Yoruba:
Ayo
 Sudan: Siega
 Eritrea: Gebata
 Tiv: daa
 Liberia: mancala
 Barbados: warri
 Africans
discovered and used the following
metals
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Gold
Tin
Silver
Bronze
Brass
Iron/Steel
 Africans
at Lake Victoria
were using Carbon steel
 1,500 – 2,000 years ago
 Announced in 1978 by Peter
Schmidt and Donald Avery
 Means
“the stone people” in
Turkana
 Uncovered by Lynch and Robbins
in 1978
 Was an African Stone henge with
pillars of basalt
 Dates to 300 B.C
 Represented an accurate and
complex calendar system based
on astronomical observations.
 It has 19 basalt stones
 500
– 700 years ago the Dogon mapped out
the solar system.
 They mapped out the movement of Sirius A
and B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
List three metals apart from Carbon Steel
that Africans discovered and used
Where in Africa were Africans using Carbon
Steel
Name one scientist that discovered the use
of Carbon Steel in Africa
What does Namoratunga mean?
Who discovered Namoratunga?
How many basalt stones were there?
Which African people mapped out the solar
system?
What star path did they map out?