Bellway Ltd (Wales)
Land at Parc Mawr,
Penllergaer,
Swansea
Agricultural Land Classification
and
Soil Resources
August 2015
Reading Agricultural Consultants Ltd
Beechwood Court, Long Toll, Woodcote, RG8 0RR
www.readingagricultural.co.uk
1.
Introduction
1.1.
Instruction
1.1.1.
Reading Agricultural Consultants Ltd (RAC) is instructed by Bellway Ltd (Wales) to
investigate the Agricultural Land Classification (ALC) and soil resources of land at
Parc Mawr, Penllergaer, Swansea, by means of a detailed survey of soil and site
characteristics.
2.
Site and Climatic Conditions
2.1.
General Features, Land Form and Drainage
2.1.1.
The site extends to around 96.2ha of predominantly agricultural land, as outlined in
Figure RAC6850-1. Most of the agricultural land is in pasture although there is
arable land in the east of the site. Non-agricultural land comprises woodland and
two farmsteads.
2.1.2.
The site is largely contained by existing infrastructure, with the A4240 to the north, a
residential area to the north-east, Swansea Road to the east, and the A484 to the
south. West of the site is rough grassland and scrub.
2.1.3.
Topography is complex and overall undulating. In the north of the site, altitude falls
from east to west from around 105m above Ordnance Datum (AOD) to around 70m
AOD, although the slope form varies between convex and concave with a fairly
uniform straight slope in the mid-section. In the south of the site, Bryn Dafydd sits
atop a hill at around 95m AOD, from which land falls unevenly to the west, south
and east to around 65m AOD.
2.2.
Agro-climatic Conditions
2.2.1.
Agro-climatic data for the site have been interpolated from the Meteorological
Office’s standard 5km grid point data set at a representative altitude of 90m AOD,
and are given in Table 1. The site is warm and very wet with moderately small to
small crop moisture deficits. The number of Field Capacity Days is very high and is
considered to be very unfavourable for providing opportunities for agricultural field
work. There is an overriding climatic limitation to no better than Subgrade 3a
(Appendix 1).
RAC6850
1
Table 1: Local agro-climatic conditions
Average Annual Rainfall
1,354mm
Accumulated Temperatures >0°C
1,458 day°
Field Capacity Days
264 days
Average Moisture Deficit, wheat
54mm
Average Moisture Deficit, potatoes
34mm
2.3.
Soil Parent Material and Soil Type
2.3.1.
The principal underlying geology of the site as mapped by the British Geological
Survey 1 comprises green-grey sandstone of the Swansea Member. Thin mudstone
and siltstone beds are present, with thin coals. To the west and south of the site,
the similar Grovesend Formation is mapped and includes mudstone and siltstones
with minor sandstones.
2.3.2.
Superficial deposits of glacial till overlie the bedrock in the south and west of the
site and may include clay, sand, gravel and boulders.
2.3.3.
The Soil Survey of England and Wales soil association mapping 2 (1:250,000 scale)
shows the Wilcocks association present to the north of the site, and Neath
association soils to the south.
2.3.4.
Wilcocks soils are characterised by fine loamy textures overlying clayey subsoils.
Surface layers may be organic. The profiles are strongly gleyed and the main soils
are severely waterlogged near the surface due to high rainfall and poorly permeable
subsoils. Wilcocks soils are commonly assessed as Wetness Class (WC) V 3.
2.3.5.
Neath soils contrast with the Wilcocks soils, comprising fine loamy brown soils
overlying sandstone. The soils are permeable and well drained and increasingly
stony with depth, before passing to fractured bedrock.
1
British Geological Survey (2015). Geology of Britain viewer,
http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html
2
Soil Survey of England and Wales (1984). 1:250,000 scale soil association mapping, Sheet2 – Soils of Wales
3
Rudeforth et al. (1984). Soils and Their Use in Wales, Soil Survey of England and Wales, Bulletin 11.
Harpenden
RAC6850
2
3.
Agricultural Land Quality
3.1.
Soil Survey Methods
3.1.1.
In total, 80 soil profiles were examined using an Edelman (Dutch) auger at an
observation density of approximately one per hectare across the agricultural land in
accordance with the established recommendations for ALC surveys. Three
observation pits were excavated to examine subsoil structures. The locations of
observations are indicated on Figure RAC6850-1. At each observation point the
following characteristics were assessed for each soil horizon up to a maximum of
120cm or any impenetrable layer:
•
soil texture;
•
significant stoniness;
•
colour (including local gley and mottle colours);
•
consistency;
•
structural condition;
•
free carbonate; and
•
depth.
3.1.2.
Four soil samples were submitted for laboratory determination of particle size
distribution, pH, organic matter content and nutrient contents (P, K, Mg). Results are
given in Appendix 2.
3.1.3.
Soil Wetness Class (WC) was inferred from the matrix colour, presence or absence of,
and depth to, greyish and ochreous gley mottling and/or poorly permeable subsoil
layers at least 15cm thick.
3.1.4.
Soil droughtiness was investigated by the calculation of moisture balance equations
(examples are given in Appendix 3). Crop-adjusted Available Profile Water (AP) is
estimated from texture, stoniness and depth, and then compared to a calculated
moisture deficit (MD) for the standard crops wheat and potatoes. The MD is a function
of potential evapotranspiration and rainfall. Grading of the land can be affected if the
AP is insufficient to balance the MD and droughtiness occurs. When a profile is found
with significant stoniness, sufficient to prevent penetration of a hand auger, then it is
assumed, for the purposes of calculating droughtiness, that similar levels of stoniness
continues to the full 1.2m depth considered, unless an observation pit excavated in the
vicinity shows otherwise.
RAC6850
3
3.2.
Agricultural Land Classification and Site Limitations
3.2.1.
Assessment of quality has been carried out according to the MAFF revised
guidelines (1988 4). Soil profiles have been described according to Hodgson (1997 5)
which is the recognised source for describing soil profiles and characteristics
according to the revised ALC guidelines.
3.2.2.
The main limitation to agricultural land quality is wetness and workability which
limits most of the site to Subgrade 3b, with a large portion of Subgrade 3a and a
smaller area of Grade 4.
3.2.3.
Soil profiles across the site predominantly comprise topsoil of medium clay loam,
with medium silty clay loam also found in the north and east, and occasional
organic heavy clay loam found in the north. Average topsoil depth is 26cm and the
colour varies from black (10YR2/1 in the Munsell soil colour charts 6 ) to greyish
brown and brown (10YR3/2. 4/2, 4/3 and 7.5YR4/2).
3.2.4.
The topsoil has a fine subangular blocky structure that is mostly moderately well
developed. Few to common roots and pores are distributed throughout the topsoil,
enabling aeration and drainage. Stone content is mostly around 5 to 10% by volume
comprising stones generally smaller than 5cm diameter.
3.2.5.
Many auger observations across the site were terminated at relatively shallow
depths by stone, such that often only topsoil could be observed. The pits were
excavated in some of these restricted areas to facilitate the investigation of whether
the obstruction was a stone or solid bedrock. In Pits 2 and 3, large rocks, possibly
fragmented bedrock, were found (as shown in Appendix 4) beneath which it is not
considered likely that the proportion of stone decreases.
3.2.6.
Where able to be observed, subsoil also mostly comprises medium clay loam, with
sandy clay loam and clay occasionally found, the latter particularly in the south of
the site. Where subsoil could not be observed, the closest available data from other
auger observations or pits was assumed as a likely analogue.
3.2.7.
In profiles of Subgrade 3a, the subsoil colour is brown (7.5YR4/3 or 10YR4/3) and
largely unmottled. Pit 3 was excavated in an area of Subgrade 3a and revealed a
subsoil stone content of up to around 20% before large rock fragments at 40cm
depth. The subsoil has a fine subangular blocky structure and is permeable of WC I.
Due to the climate, there are enough available water reserves for profiles of
restricted depth not to be significantly droughty. The limitations to agricultural land
quality are climate and workability, with medium clay loam topsoil and 264 Field
Capacity Days (FCDs).
4
MAFF (1988). Agricultural Land Classification of England and Wales. Revised guidelines and criteria for
grading the quality of agricultural land. MAFF Publications.
5
Hodgson, J. M. (Ed.) (1997). Soil survey field handbook. Soil Survey Technical Monograph No. 5, Silsoe.
6
Munsell Color (2009). Munsell Soil Color Book, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
RAC6850
4
3.2.8.
Within the area of Subgrade 3a, many profiles have been included in which subsoil
was not able to be observed due to obstructions. As the analysis has then been
based upon data derived from nearby profiles, it is assumed that they are also of
Subgrade 3a, although further excavation may result in a downgrading to Subgrade
3b should the subsoil be found to differ.
3.2.9.
In profiles of Subgrade 3b the subsoil colour is more variable, ranging from reddish
brown (2.5YR4/4) and brown (7.5YR4/2 and 5/3) to very dark grey (10YR3/1). The
structure is still moderately well developed and the profiles are permeable.
However, all of the subsoil in profiles of Subgrade 3b is mottled to some extent with
ochreous staining and therefore is gleyed. There are occasionally profiles in which
the subsoil is brown (10YR4/3) which, although is neither greyish nor pale (criteria
for gleying), is marked with many medium distinct ochreous mottles. This degree of
mottling is considered evidence that the profiles experience periods of prolonged
inundation with water and therefore has been included within the area of Subgrade
3b.
3.2.10. Profiles which are permeable but gleyed within 40cm of the soil surface are of WC
III and those gleyed at depths between 40cm and 70cm are of WC II. Soil profiles of
WC III or II with medium clay loam or medium silty clay loam topsoils are limited by
wetness and workability to Subgrade 3b in this climatic regime.
3.2.11. The profiles which include organic heavy clay loam topsoil are of WC III. Table 7 of
the MAFF ALC guidelines, which is used to assess the wetness limitation of organic
rather than mineral soils, does not provide a classification for this particular set of
parameters under the relevant climatic conditions. Organic heavy clay loam topsoil
in a profile of WC III subject to up to 225 FCDs would be of Subgrade 3b. However
a mineral heavy clay loam topsoil in a profile of WC III subject to 264 FCDs would
be of Grade 4. Therefore, the mapping of these applicable profiles at Parc Mawr as
Subgrade 3b is conservative: they may be considered to border on Grade 4.
3.2.12. Profiles of Grade 4 have clay subsoil which is dark greyish brown, grey or greyish
brown (10YR4/2, 5/1, or 5/3). Many or common mostly medium distinct ochreous
mottles are present in the clay, which is considered gleyed. Permeability is poor and
the profiles are of WC V. When combined with medium clay loam topsoil subject to
264 FCDs, the limitation is severe, to Grade 4. The expanse of Grade 4 in the
south-east of the site comprises a distinctive character area, as shown in Appendix
4, which although surveyed in July, was waterlogged to the surface.
RAC6850
5
3.2.13. The areas of each ALC grade are given in Table 2 and are shown in Figure
RAC6850-2.
Table 2: ALC Areas
RAC6850
Grade
Description
Area (ha)
% of agric. land
3a
Good quality
18.1
26
3b
Moderate quality
62.7
66
4
Poor quality
7.0
8
Total Agricultural
87.8
100
Non-Agricultural
8.4
-
6
Appendix 1: Climatic Limitation
RAC6850
7
Appendix 2: Laboratory Data
Determinand
Site 5
Site 9/P1
Site 29/P3
Site 71
Units
Sand 2.00-0.063 mm
32
33
43
38
% w/w
Silt 0.063-0.002 mm
40
44
37
36
%w/w
Clay <0.002 mm
28
23
20
26
% w/w
15.1
4.2
3.8
9.5
% w/w
Organic Heavy
Medium
Medium
Medium
% w/w
Clay Loam
Clay Loam
Clay Loam
Clay Loam
Organic Matter WB
Texture
Determinand
Site 5
Site 9/P1
Site 29/P3
Site 71
Soil pH
5.3
5.7
5.8
6.1
Phosphorus (P)
12.6
8.0
13.4
9.4
mg/l (av)
Potassium (K)
69.3
<20
29.4
47.6
mg/l (av)
Magnesium (Mg)
65.7
28.3
37.3
82.4
mg/l (av)
Determinand
Units
Site 5
Site 9/P1
Site 29/P3
Site 71
Units
Phosphorus (P)
1
0
1
0
ADAS Index
Potassium (K)
1
0
0
0
ADAS Index
Magnesium (Mg)
2
1
1
2
ADAS Index
RAC6850
8
Soil Texture by Particle Size Analysis
RAC6850
9
Organic Matter Class
RAC6850
10
Appendix 3: Example Soil Profile Summaries and Droughtiness Calculations
RAC6850
11
Droughtiness calculations are made according to the methodology given in Appendix 4 of the ALC guidelines, MAFF 1988.
MDw
=
54
MDp=
34
Site No.
1
Depth (cm)
Texture
Colour
Mottle
Wheat Calculation
TAv or EAv
AP (wheat)
(soil) %
mm
stones %
5
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
0
1
19
62.7
1
19
62.7
n
n
II
3b
0
33
MZCL
10YR4/2
33
50
MZCL
10YR4/3
vfff och
0
1
17
28.9
1
17
28.9
n
n
50
60
MZCL
10YR4/3
vfff och
0
0.5
10
10.0
1
17
17.0
n
n
60
70
MCL
10YR4/2
fff och
5
0.5
10
9.5
1
16
15.3
y
n
70
120
MCL
10YR4/2
fff och
5
0.5
10
47.6
y
n
Total (mm) =
158.8
Total (mm) =
123.9
MBw=
104.8
MBp=
89.9
Grade =
Site
No.
Potato Calculation
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
Depth (cm)
Texture
Colour
Mottle
1
Grade =
stones
%
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
Wheat Calculation
TAv or EAv
(soil) %
AP (wheat)
mm
TAv
(stones) %
Potato Calculation
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
0
1
28
56.0
1
28
56.0
n
n
III
3b
0
20
HCL (org)
10YR2/1
20
50
MCL
10YR4/2
fff och
0
1
16
48.0
1
16
48.0
y
n
50
70
MCL
10YR4/2
fff och
5
0.5
10
19.1
1
16
30.5
y
n
MCL
10YR42 +
10YR4/4
fff och
5
0.5
10
47.6
y
n
Total (mm) =
170.7
MBw=
116.7
70
120
Grade =
1
6
RAC6850
Depth (cm)
Texture
Colour
Mottle
Total (mm) =
134.5
MBp=
100.5
Grade =
Wheat Calculation
Site
No.
1
1
Potato Calculation
stones
%
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
TAv or EAv
(soil) %
AP (wheat)
mm
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
0
1
18
54.0
1
18
54.0
n
n
I
3a
0
30
MCL
10YR4/2
30
40
MCL
10YR4/3
vfvff och
5
1
16
15.3
1
16
15.3
n
n
40
50
MCL
10YR4/3
vfvff och
5
1
16
15.3
1
16
15.3
n
n
50
70
MCL
10YR4/3
vfvff och
5
0.5
10
19.1
1
16
30.5
n
n
70
120
MCL
10YR4/3
vfvff och
5
0.5
10
47.6
n
n
Total (mm) =
151.2
12
Total (mm) =
115.0
MBw=
Grade =
97.2
MBp=
1
Grade =
Wheat Calculation
Site
No.
Depth (cm)
9/Pit 1
0
25
50
70
25
50
70
120
Texture
Colour
MCL
10YR4/2
HCL
HCL
HCL
Mottle
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
TAv or EAv
(soil) %
AP (wheat)
mm
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
III
3b
0
1
18
45.0
1
18
45.0
n
n
7.5YR4/2
fff och +
femns
10
1
16
36.3
1
16
36.3
y
n
7.5YR4/2
fff och +
femns
10
0.5
10
18.1
1
16
29.0
y
n
7.5YR4/2
fff och +
femns
10
0.5
y
n
10
45.3
Total (mm) =
144.6
Total (mm) =
110.3
MBw=
90.6
MBp=
76.3
1
Grade =
Wheat Calculation
10
Depth (cm)
Texture
Colour
Mottle
RAC6850
Potato Calculation
stones
%
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
TAv or EAv
(soil) %
AP (wheat)
mm
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
0
1
28
56.0
1
28
56.0
n
n
III
3b
20
HCL (org)
10YR2/1
20
50
MCL
10YR4/2
fff och
0
1
16
48.0
1
16
48.0
y
n
50
70
MCL
10YR4/2
fff och
5
0.5
10
19.1
1
16
30.5
y
n
MCL
10YR42 +
10YR4/4
fff och
5
0.5
10
47.6
y
n
Total (mm) =
170.7
Total (mm) =
134.5
MBw=
116.7
MBp=
100.5
120
Grade =
15
1
0
70
Site
No.
1
Potato Calculation
stones
%
Grade =
Site
No.
81.0
Depth (cm)
0
30
Texture
Colour
MZCL
10YR4/2
30
50
MCL
7.5YR4/2
50
70
MCL
7.5YR4/2
70
120
MCL
7.5YR4/2
Mottle
fff och +
few
femns
fff och +
few
femns
fff och +
few
femns
13
stones
%
1
Wheat Calculation
TAv or EAv
TAv or EAv
AP (wheat)
(stones) %
(soil) %
mm
Grade =
1
Potato Calculation
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
III
3b
0
1
19
57.0
1
19
57.0
n
n
2
1
16
31.4
1
16
31.4
y
n
2
0.5
10
19.6
1
16
31.4
y
n
5
0.5
10
47.6
y
n
Total (mm) =
155.6
MBw=
101.6
Grade =
Site
No.
Pit 2
Depth (cm)
0
20
20
50
Texture
Colour
MZCL
10YR4/2
MZCL
7.5YR4/2
Mottle
fff och +
few
femns
1
Wheat Calculation
TAv or EAv
AP (wheat)
(soil) %
mm
stones
%
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
10
1
19
15
1
19
Texture
Colour
Mottle
RAC6850
1
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
34.4
1
19
34.4
n
n
III
3b
17
43.8
1
17
43.8
y
n
Total (mm) =
78.2
Total (mm) =
78.2
MBw=
24.2
MBp=
44.2
2
Grade =
1
Potato Calculation
stones
%
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
TAv or EAv
(soil) %
AP (wheat)
mm
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
II
3b
0
27
MZCL
10YR4/2
0
1
19
51.3
1
19
51.3
n
n
27
50
HZCL
10YR5/3
fff och
2
1
17
38.4
1
17
38.4
y
n
50
55
HZCL
10YR5/3
fff och
2
1
10
4.9
1
17
8.3
y
n
55
62
fS
2.5Y4/3
fff och
2
1
12
8.2
1
14
9.6
y
n
62
70
fS
2.5Y4/3
fff och
2
1
12
9.4
1
14
11.0
y
n
70
120
fS
2.5Y4/3
fff och
5
0.5
12
57.1
y
n
Total (mm) =
169.4
Total (mm) =
118.6
MBw=
115.4
MBp=
84.6
Grade =
24
85.8
Potato Calculation
1
Grade =
Wheat Calculation
Site
No.
MBp=
TAv
(stones) %
Grade =
Depth (cm)
119.8
Grade =
Wheat Calculation
Site
No.
Total (mm) =
Depth (cm)
Texture
Colour
1
Potato Calculation
stones
%
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
TAv or EAv
(soil) %
AP (wheat)
mm
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
5
1
18
51.5
1
18
51.5
n
n
II
3b
0
30
MCL
7.5YR4/2
Mottle
few
femns
30
50
MCL
10YR4/3
vfvff och
5
1
16
30.5
1
16
30.5
n
n
50
60
MCL
10YR3/1
fff och
5
1
16
15.3
1
16
15.3
y
n
60
70
MCL
10YR3/1
fff och
5
0.5
10
9.5
1
16
15.3
y
n
70
120
MCL
10YR3/1
fff och
5
0.5
10
47.6
y
n
14
Total (mm) =
154.4
MBw=
100.4
Grade =
Site
No.
29/Pit
3
Depth (cm)
Texture
Colour
0
28
MCL
10YR4/2
28
40
MCL
10YR4/3
1
Wheat Calculation
TAv or EAv
AP (wheat)
(soil) %
mm
39
Texture
Colour
Potato Calculation
Mottle
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
0
1
18
fff och
20
1
16
50.4
1
18
50.4
n
n
I
3a
15.6
1
16
15.6
n
n
Total (mm) =
66.0
Total (mm) =
66.0
MBw=
12.0
MBp=
32.0
2
Grade =
1
Potato Calculation
Mottle
stones
%
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
TAv or EAv
(soil) %
AP (wheat)
mm
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
V
4
0
25
MCL
10YR3/1
fff och
2
1
18
44.2
1
18
44.2
n
n
25
50
C
10YR5/3
cmf och
2
1
13
31.9
1
13
31.9
y
y
50
70
C
10YR5/3
cmf och
2
0.5
7
13.7
1
13
25.5
y
y
70
120
C
10YR5/3
cmf och
2
0.5
7
34.4
y
y
Total (mm) =
124.1
Total (mm) =
101.6
MBw=
70.1
MBp=
67.6
Depth (cm)
0
30
50
60
70
RAC6850
1
TAv
(stones) %
1
Grade =
Wheat Calculation
44
78.5
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
Grade =
Site
No.
MBp=
stones
%
Grade =
Depth (cm)
112.5
Grade =
Wheat Calculation
Site
No.
Total (mm) =
30
50
60
70
120
1
Potato Calculation
Mottle
stones
%
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
TAv or EAv
(soil) %
AP (wheat)
mm
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
IV/V
3b/4
Texture
Colour
MCL
7.5YR4/2
fff och
0
1
18
54.0
1
18
54.0
n
n
10YR5/3
fff och +
femns
0
1
13
26.0
1
13
26.0
y
y
10YR5/3
fff och +
femns
0
0.5
13
13.0
1
13
13.0
y
y
10YR5/3
fff och +
femns
0
0.5
7
7.0
1
13
13.0
y
y
10YR5/3
fff och +
femns
0
0.5
y
y
C
C
C
C
15
7
35.0
Total (mm) =
135.0
Total (mm) =
106.0
MBw=
Grade =
81.0
MBp=
1
Grade =
Wheat Calculation
Site
No.
45
Depth (cm)
Texture
Colour
Mottle
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
TAv or EAv
(soil) %
AP (wheat)
mm
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
0
1
18
45.0
1
18
45.0
n
n
V
4
0
25
MCL
10YR3/2
25
50
C
10YR5/1
cfd och
0
1
13
32.5
1
13
32.5
y
y
60
70
C
10YR5/1
cfd och
0
0.5
7
7.0
1
13
13.0
y
y
70
120
C
10YR5/1
cfd och
0
0.5
7
35.0
y
y
Total (mm) =
119.5
MBw=
65.5
1
Depth (cm)
Texture
Colour
Mottle
50
MBp=
56.5
1
Potato Calculation
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
TAv or EAv
(soil) %
AP (wheat)
mm
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
5
1
19
54.3
1
19
54.3
n
n
III
3b
0
30
MZCL
10YR2/1
30
50
SCL
10YR5/1
fmd och
5
1
15
28.6
1
15
28.6
y
n
50
70
SCL
10YR5/1
fmf och
5
0.5
10
19.1
1
15
28.6
y
n
70
120
SCL
10YR5/1
fmf och
5
0.5
10
47.6
y
n
Total (mm) =
149.6
Total (mm) =
111.5
MBw=
95.6
MBp=
77.5
Depth (cm)
Texture
Colour
0
20
MZCL
10YR2/1
20
50
SCL
10YR5/2
50
70
SCL
70
120
SCL
Mottle
stones
%
1
Wheat Calculation
TAv or EAv
TAv or EAv
AP (wheat)
(stones) %
(soil) %
mm
Grade =
1
Potato Calculation
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
V
4
5
1
19
36.2
1
19
36.2
n
n
mmd och
5
1
15
42.9
1
15
42.9
y
y
2.5YR5/4
mmd och
5
0.5
10
19.1
1
15
28.6
y
y
2.5YR5/4
mmd och
5
0.5
10
47.6
y
y
Total (mm) =
145.8
Total (mm) =
107.7
MBw=
91.8
MBp=
73.7
Grade =
RAC6850
90.5
stones
%
Grade =
Site
No.
Total (mm) =
Grade =
Wheat Calculation
48
1
Potato Calculation
stones
%
Grade =
Site
No.
72.0
16
1
Grade =
1
Wheat Calculation
Site
No.
51
Depth (cm)
Texture
Colour
Mottle
Potato Calculation
stones
%
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
TAv or EAv
(soil) %
AP (wheat)
mm
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
III
3b
0
20
MCL
10YR4/2
5
1
18
34.3
1
18
34.3
n
n
20
50
SCL
2.5YR5/4
fmd och
5
1
15
42.9
1
15
42.9
y
n
50
70
SCL
2.5YR5/4
fmd och
5
0.5
10
19.1
1
15
28.6
y
n
70
120
SCL
2.5YR5/4
fmd och
5
0.5
10
47.6
y
n
Total (mm) =
143.9
Total (mm) =
105.8
MBw=
89.9
MBp=
71.8
Grade =
1
Grade =
Wheat Calculation
Site
No.
62
Depth (cm)
Texture
Colour
Mottle
Potato Calculation
stones
%
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
TAv or EAv
(soil) %
AP (wheat)
mm
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
5
1
19
36.2
1
19
36.2
n
n
III
3b
0
20
MZCL
10YR4/2
20
50
fSCL
10YR5/3
fff och
5
1
15
42.9
1
15
42.9
y
n
50
70
fSCL
10YR5/3
fff och
5
0.5
10
19.1
1
15
28.6
y
n
70
120
fSCL
10YR5/3
fff och
5
0.5
10
47.6
y
n
Total (mm) =
145.8
MBw=
91.8
Grade =
1
63
Depth (cm)
Texture
Colour
Mottle
107.7
MBp=
73.7
1
Potato Calculation
stones
%
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
TAv or EAv
(soil) %
AP (wheat)
mm
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
5
1
18
77.2
1
18
77.2
n
n
II
3b
0
45
MCL
10YR4/2
45
50
fSCL
10YR4/4
mmd och
5
1
15
7.2
1
15
7.2
n
n
50
70
fSCL
10YR4/4
mmd och
5
0.5
10
19.1
1
15
28.6
n
n
70
120
fSCL
10YR4/4
mmd och
5
0.5
10
47.6
n
n
Total (mm) =
151.0
Total (mm) =
112.9
MBw=
97.0
MBp=
78.9
Grade =
RAC6850
Total (mm) =
Grade =
Wheat Calculation
Site
No.
1
17
1
Grade =
1
Wheat Calculation
Site
No.
66
Depth (cm)
Texture
Colour
Mottle
Potato Calculation
stones
%
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
TAv or EAv
(soil) %
AP (wheat)
mm
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
III
3b
0
20
MCL
10YR4/2
5
1
18
34.3
1
18
34.3
n
n
20
50
MCL
10YR4/3
mmd och
5
1
16
45.8
1
16
45.8
n
n
50
62
MCL
10YR4/3
mmd och
5
0.5
10
11.4
1
16
18.3
n
n
62
70
MCL
10YR4/3
mmd och
5
0.5
10
7.6
1
16
12.2
n
n
70
120
MCL
10YR4/3
mmd och
5
0.5
0.0
n
n
10
47.6
Total (mm) =
146.7
Total (mm) =
110.6
MBw=
92.7
MBp=
76.6
Grade =
1
Grade =
Wheat Calculation
Site
No.
67
Depth (cm)
Texture
Colour
Mottle
Potato Calculation
stones
%
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
TAv or EAv
(soil) %
AP (wheat)
mm
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
5
1
18
51.5
1
18
51.5
n
n
III
3b
0
30
MCL
10YR3/2
30
50
MCL
10YR5/2
mmd och
5
1
16
30.5
1
16
30.5
y
n
50
70
MCL
10YR5/2
mmd och
5
0.5
10
19.1
1
16
30.5
y
n
70
120
MCL
10YR5/2
mmd och
5
0.5
y
n
10
47.6
Total (mm) =
148.6
Total (mm) =
112.5
MBw=
94.6
MBp=
78.5
Grade =
1
Grade =
Wheat Calculation
Site
No.
71
Depth (cm)
Texture
Colour
Mottle
1
Potato Calculation
stones
%
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
TAv or EAv
(soil) %
AP (wheat)
mm
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
5
1
28
53.3
1
28
53.3
n
n
III
3b
0
20
MCL (org)
10YR3/2
20
50
MCL
10YR4/2
mmd och
5
1
16
45.8
1
16
45.8
y
n
50
70
MCL
10YR4/2
mmd och
5
0.5
10
19.1
1
16
30.5
y
n
70
120
MCL
10YR4/2
mmd och
5
0.5
y
n
10
47.6
Total (mm) =
165.7
Total (mm) =
129.6
MBw=
111.7
MBp=
95.6
Grade =
RAC6850
1
18
1
Grade =
1
Wheat Calculation
Site
No.
72
Depth (cm)
Texture
Colour
Mottle
stones
%
TAv or EAv
(stones) %
TAv or EAv
(soil) %
AP (wheat)
mm
TAv
(stones) %
TAv (soil) %
AP (potatoes)
mm
Gley
SP
WC
Grade
5
1
18
51.5
1
18
51.5
n
n
V
4
0
30
MCL
10YR4/2
30
40
HCL
10YR5/2
mmd och
5
1
12
11.5
1
12
11.5
y
y
40
50
C
10YR4/2
mmd och
5
1
13
12.4
1
13
12.4
y
y
50
60
C
10YR4/2
mmd och
5
1
7
6.7
1
13
12.4
y
y
60
70
C
10YR4/2
mmd och
5
0.5
7
6.7
1
13
12.4
y
y
70
120
C
10YR4/2
mmd och
5
0.5
7
33.4
y
y
Total (mm) =
122.1
MBw=
68.1
Grade =
RAC6850
Potato Calculation
19
1
Total (mm) =
100.1
MBp=
66.1
Grade =
1
Appendix 4: Site Photographs
Subsoil stone content
Large rock obstruction and reddish subsoil in Pit 2
RAC6850
20
Large rock obstruction in Pit 3
Grade 4 character area
RAC6850
21
Grade 4 character area: surface waterlogging
RAC6850
22