Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are used by the body for energy and structural support in cell walls of
plants and exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans. They are made of smaller subunits called
monosaccharides. Monosaccharides have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
Monosaccharides or simple sugars include glucose, galactose, and fructose. Although their
chemical formulas are the same, they have different structural formulas. These simple sugars
combine to make disaccharides (double sugars like sucrose) and polysaccharides (long chains
like cellulose, chitin, and glycogen). Color code the glucose molecule on this worksheet
(carbon-black, hydrogen-yellow, and oxygen-red). Use your textbook to help draw the
structural formulas for fructose and galactose: (p. 55)
Fructose:
Galactose:
Use the diagram of glucose below to tell how many carbons, hydrogens, and oxygens are in a
single molecule (COUNT THEM!). You must also color the molecule: carbon-black, hydrogenyellow, oxygen-red.
#C __________
# H __________
# O __________
Glucose Molecule
O
H
C
H
H
C
H
O
H
H
C
H
O
C
O
C
H
H
H
O
H
C
O
H
Question
1) List the 4 macromolecules
(not in your reading).
2) Why do we need
carbohydrates?
3) Name the monomers
(subunits) of
carbohydrates.
4) Which three elements
make up a carbohydrate?
5) In what ratio (amount) do
these elements make up
carbohydrates?
6) List some examples of
simple
sugars/monosaccharides.
7) Two monosaccharides
combine to form a larger
double sugar polymer
called a…
8) More than three
monosaccharide sugars
put together can form a…
9) List some examples/types
of polysaccharides.
10) Every glucose molecule
should have how many
carbons? How many
hydrogens? How many
oxygens?
Claim (Answer)
(RESTATE Please)
Evidence
Reasoning