Cvičení 3: MOVEMENT AND IRRITATION
Name:
Group:
BROWNIAN MOLECULAR MOTION
Place a drop of ferric oxide suspension onto a slide and cover it. Observe
one small moving particle and draw trajectory of its movement.
 Draw the movement trajectory of the particle
400×
Choose the right answer:
1. Brownian molecular motion is the random/oriented zigzag movement of microscopic/
macroscopic particles suspended in a liquid or gas.
2. Brownian molecular motion is depended on the mechanical/chemical/kinetic energy of
water/ATP molecules
3. The bigger/smaller moving particle, the more/less noticeable movement.
Authors: Kateřina Kobédová, Jiřina Marková, Revision: Eva Bártová, Ivo Papoušek
Grant: IVA VFU Brno 2016FVHE/2150/34
1/III
CELLS WITH CILIA
Permanent specimen: cells with cilia – (“řasinkový epitel, žába”),
stained with haematoxylin-eosin.
Observe and draw cells of cylindrical or conical shape with
visible nucleus and with cilia localized at the wider base of cell.
 Draw and describe the cells with cilia
400×
1. Fill in the grey fields of the table:
MOVEMENT
ciliary
FILAMENTS
MOLECULAR MOTOR
myosin I
flagellar
myosin II
2. Which cells of human body does have cilia on its surface? What is the function of these
cilia?
Authors: Kateřina Kobédová, Jiřina Marková, Revision: Eva Bártová, Ivo Papoušek
Grant: IVA VFU Brno 2016FVHE/2150/34
2/III
CILIARY MOVEMENT
Working material: hay infusion, detritus from aquarium
Observe ciliary movement of ciliates or other microscopic animals (flatworm, etc.).
 Draw and describe one of the ciliates
400×
1. Match the right names to each of the pictures (Rotifera spp., Colpidium spp.,
Caenorhabditis spp., Stylonychia spp.)
…………………………
…………………………………
……………………..
………………………………………
2. What are the two types of vacuoles in ciliates and what are their functions?
Authors: Kateřina Kobédová, Jiřina Marková, Revision: Eva Bártová, Ivo Papoušek
Grant: IVA VFU Brno 2016FVHE/2150/34
3/III
AMOEBOID MOVEMENT
Working material: hay infusion/video:
Observe movement of amoeba from hay infusion. Pseudopods
are homogenous, cytoplasm is granulated.
 Observe and draw the movement of amoeba
400×
1. Describe the picture with the right terms (nucleus ,
digestive (food) vacuole, pseudopod, cytoplasm,
contractile vacuole)
2. Describe the principle of the amoeboid movement (which cytoskeletal filaments and
molecular motor are involved?
Authors: Kateřina Kobédová, Jiřina Marková, Revision: Eva Bártová, Ivo Papoušek
Grant: IVA VFU Brno 2016FVHE/2150/34
4/III
FLAGELLAR MOVEMENT
Working material: sperm, hay infusion/video
Observe flagellar movement of sperms (or flagellar protozoans from hay
infusion). If you want to slow them down, suck off water from the space
between the two glasses using filter paper.
 Draw the sperm and her movement
400×
1. Describe the cross-section of the flagellum with
the right terms (dynein, outer microtubule
doublet, central microtubules, radial spoke)
2. Complete the sentence with numbers: The main structure of kinocilium is consisted
of…………… pairs of microtubules, so-called structure ………...+…………..
Authors: Kateřina Kobédová, Jiřina Marková, Revision: Eva Bártová, Ivo Papoušek
Grant: IVA VFU Brno 2016FVHE/2150/34
5/III
STRUCTURE OF STRIATED MUSCLE
Permanent specimen: striated muscle from insect leg stained
with Heidenhein hematoxylin and specimen stained with
haematoxylin-eosin ("příčně pruhovaný sval")
Observe both specimens and draw the striating which is
caused by different staining of muscle fibres.
 Draw and describe the striated muscle
400×
1. Describe the picture with these terms (Z line, sarcomere, myosin, actin)
2. Answer these questions
a) How is called the basic contractile unit of the muscle?
b) What mineral substance is used during the muscle contraction?
c) What are two types of filaments involved in the muscle contraction?
d) What proteins are blocking the muscle contraction?
Authors: Kateřina Kobédová, Jiřina Marková, Revision: Eva Bártová, Ivo Papoušek
Grant: IVA VFU Brno 2016FVHE/2150/34
6/III
OXYGENOTAXIS IN CILIATES
Working material: hay infusion
Cover a drop of hay infusion with cover glass to form air bubbles
under it. Ciliates try to find space with optimal tense of oxygen
(close to oxygen bubbles). The same is observed also at the edges
of cover glass.
Air bubble
 Draw and describe the action
400×
1. Match the right terms to the types of movement (chemotaxis, fototaxis, oxygenotaxis)
 movement towards the environment with higher concentration of the oxygen
 movement induced by the presence of the chemical substance
 movement oriented towards the light
2. Complete:
a) The movement oriented towards the stimulus is called ……………………… taxis.
b) The movement oriented away from the stimulus is called…………………… taxis.
Authors: Kateřina Kobédová, Jiřina Marková, Revision: Eva Bártová, Ivo Papoušek
Grant: IVA VFU Brno 2016FVHE/2150/34
7/III